Rahm Emanuel: Trump's Foreign Policy, China, Europe's Decline, Immigration & DSA vs Democrats · 苏菲拉底
字幕 字幕位置
--:--
点击播放,这里会跟随视频显示当前句的中英字幕。

Rahm Emanuel: Trump's Foreign Policy, China, Europe's Decline, Immigration & DSA vs Democrats

节目发布 2026-08-12 · All-In Podcast
拉姆·伊曼纽尔 杰杰森·卡拉卡尼斯 大大卫·弗里伯格
EDITED TRANSCRIPT · 依据现场录音编译整理,可划线生成便签
编者按:本文是拉姆·伊曼纽尔(Rahm Emanuel)在 All-In 播客访谈节目中的对谈实录。伊曼纽尔曾任克林顿总统高级顾问、奥巴马白宫幕僚长、芝加哥市长,以及拜登任内的美国驻日大使,眼下被普遍视为 2028 年民主党总统竞选的潜在人选。对谈由两位联合主播杰森·卡拉卡尼斯(Jason Calacanis)与大卫·弗里德伯格(David Friedberg)主持,话题横跨中美竞争、台海、中东、欧洲、移民、教育、赤字与民主党内部分裂。本文依据现场录音编译整理,仅删去口语枝节与寒暄,论证与细节悉数保留。

开场与 2028 的影子

卡拉卡尼斯: 各位好,今天 All-In 访谈非常高兴请到拉姆·伊曼纽尔。他做过比尔·克林顿的高级顾问,那是最后一位任内实现联邦预算盈余的总统;他做过奥巴马的白宫幕僚长,做过芝加哥市长,又在拜登总统任内出任驻日大使,日本是我最爱去的国家。他还没有正式宣布参加 2028 年大选,我也不认为他会在这里宣布,但他近来一直在谈一个问题:后特朗普时代,尤其是 2028 年之后,这个国家该往哪里去。

弗里德伯格和我会向他请教今日美国最要紧的几件事:经济、通胀、就业、飙升的国债、打不完的战争、社会主义的抬头,还有令人痛心的反犹主义;移民问题,包括技术移民与合法移民;以及他为国服务四十年来,立场是如何演变的。欢迎来到 All-In 访谈,拉姆,欢迎。

伊曼纽尔: 我不知道那是提示我说话的信号。这段介绍听着像悼词,我还在等拉比起身致辞呢。不过这是唯一一次有人从克林顿开始介绍我。通常大家都从我在国会的经历讲起,所以你能记得我是以克林顿总统高级顾问起步的,我要给你记一大功。

克林顿与奥巴马的执政术

卡拉卡尼斯: 那就从这儿开始。你在克林顿和奥巴马手下学到了什么?在我看来,这两位是我们最后两位神志清明的总统,都是温和派。我自己也是温和派,略微偏左。这两届总统任期都很出色,你都参与其中。你从他们两人身上各学到了什么?

伊曼纽尔: 他们两人的本事各不相同,但都有一套看世界的方法,有一套美国在世界中位置的看法,也都对政府抱有一种进步主义的、正面的认识。我常提醒大家,最要紧的一点是:如果人们认定政府连一辆车的游行队伍都组织不好,你就不可能推行任何进步主义政策。政府必须先被正面地看待。上一次民众对政府的净评价为正,正是在比尔·克林顿任内。这倒不完全是因为预算平衡,平衡预算固然有帮助,但真正的转折点是他签署福利改革法案。数据可以查。

再说他们各自的本事。比尔·克林顿是个独一无二的人,在我看来,他能把政策、政治和媒体三者当成三维棋局一体运筹。他对总统这个职位的理解,有点像当年老罗斯福重新定义了总统一样,他是在为二十一世纪重新定义总统。他说自己要做一座「桥」,是真心的。没有人比他更擅长的,不只是演讲,而是拿着一项政策向公众讲清楚,把人们从原来的位置一路带向改变,让改变不那么令人恐惧,最后达成想要的目标。

奥巴马总统则不同。他在伊拉克战争接近尾声、金融体系崩盘之际上任,深知这是美国的关键时刻、转型时刻。每一位总统受到的评判都是同一个标准:你接手的是怎样一个世界,你留下的是怎样一个世界。奥巴马和克林顿最尖刻的批评者往往来自左翼而不是右翼。我常问他们:你们最不喜欢的是和平还是繁荣?我可以逐条回答。

里根之后,克林顿任内经济增长最快,就业增长最多,收入差距缩小最多,当时人们把美国叫作「唯一超级大国」,没有哪个国家在经济、政治、军事上同时拥有美国那样的力量。至于后来发生了什么,我们可以再回头谈。同样,左翼批评奥巴马「不够劲」,可他接手的是一个濒临萧条的国家,人们叫它「大衰退」,其实离大萧条已经不远。他把国家从那里拉了回来,从每月流失八十万个工作岗位,转为每月新增二十万个;他让美国从两场战争里脱身,反恐战争当然还在继续,但他重新安置了美国在世界上的位置,让它再度成为一股向善的力量。我从他们身上学到的,不是什么工具箱。总统办公桌的抽屉里没有操作手册。我学到的是如何把政策、政治和沟通融为一体。

两大国向世界输出失能

弗里德伯格: 奥巴马是否把输出美式民主当作首要政策?这是否导致了今天的局面:世界各地都在往回缩,因为我们输出的东西,往往只代表政治光谱的一端而不是另一端。现在大家都在回头问:我们当年到底做了什么?

伊曼纽尔: 这一点我很早就讲过,最近在阿斯彭安全论坛又讲了一遍。我正在给《华尔街日报》写下一篇专栏,作为习近平与特朗普峰会的预热,我给它起的题目是「失能峰会」(the summit of disruption)。

习近平最大的出口品不是汽车,也不是电子产品,而是中国国内的经济失能。他们在全世界摧毁其他国家的制造业和工业基础。世界贸易组织(WTO)里针对中国的案件,比针对其他所有国家的案件加起来还多。智利的钢厂、印尼的服装厂、巴西的四座高炉,都是例子。而我们呢,我们在输出自己国内的政治与文化失能。这就是眼下的局面:两个超级大国把全世界当作人质,一个靠经济和内政的失能,一个靠政治和文化的失能。习近平拒绝正视显而易见的问题:房地产泡沫已经破了,消费者趴在地上起不来,工业结构毫无经济理性可言。举个例子,中国汽车业出口越来越多,利润却下降了两成。

反观我们,看特朗普对巴西做的事;看德国大选前九天,我们的人去会见新纳粹党派德国选择党(AfD);英国出现种族矛盾,我们似乎巴不得火上浇油。我们就是在把国内的政治失能和文化失能倾倒到全世界头上。我个人认为,这位总统在风格上喜欢向下出拳、向上献媚,对普京和习近平献媚,但那只是风格问题。本质是,两个超级大国都没管好自家的事,如今把世界当作倾倒国内麻烦的垃圾场。我从日本回来后一直主张,与其加征关税,不如组建一个经济同盟,大家一起承受中国的压力,不光在组织这个同盟,还要在市场上正面迎战他们。这才是结交朋友、影响对手的办法。

国家安全的四件工具

弗里德伯格: 这和奥巴马时代的观念不一样吗?那时的说法是我们应该输出美国文化、美国民主。结果闸门一开,我们输出的成了自己的文化战争,文化战争又变成一个新战场,比如在非洲搞跨性别戏剧之类的东西。

伊曼纽尔: 不,我不认为是那件事打开了闸门。大卫,我这么看:美国和任何国家一样,国家安全工具箱里有四件工具。第一是军事力量,第二是政治说服力,第三是经济治国之术(economic statecraft),第四是文化吸引力。美国的文化魅力不止是好莱坞,美国这个品牌本身就是一种文化吸引力,至少曾经是。我认为这位总统损害了美国品牌,也损害了我们的经济治国之术:我们的市场、我们的技术、我们的大学与科研、我们的国家实验室,这些都是经济治国之术的一部分,也是国家安全与国家能力的一部分。

前几天大卫·格雷厄姆写过一篇很好的报道。先生们,只有美国能把俄罗斯和乌克兰拉到同一张桌子旁,世界上没有第二个大国办得到。我们的政治说服力能做到这一点,这就是国家安全工具箱里的一项资产。我在以色列演讲时提出的「二十三国方案」(23-state solution,即以色列与二十二个阿拉伯国家全面和解),中国、俄罗斯或欧洲都做不到,只有我们能做。我们还有庞大的军事力量,虽然我认为它并未为未来做好准备,这一点两党都有责任,我自己也在场。我们太迷恋反恐战争了,以至于看不见战场和技术正在发生的变革。

无人机领域就是例证。伊朗和乌克兰都没有海军,却都控制着自己前线附近的水道。这告诉你全部要点:我们面对的不是两场战争,而是两种不同类型的战争,我们必须为此做好准备。所以在我看来,你们媒体人多少有点毛病,总想着往哪儿甩锅。我不认为奥巴马代表美国在全球展示文化吸引力有什么问题。美国在全世界受欢迎,这本身就是一项可以拿来用的政治资产。如今在特朗普治下,美国品牌掉进了马桶,这才真正损害了美国的政治力量、经济治国之术和军事能力。就这么简单。所以我不认为是我们输出了那些文化的东西,问题才由此而来。这不是我所理解的病根,也不是我所理解的事情经过。

弗里德伯格: 好吧。我可以再问一个关于中国的问题吗?

伊曼纽尔: 这是你们的播客,想问什么随便问。问题只在于我答不答。

弗里德伯格: 我在这儿不过是听杰森差遣。

卡拉卡尼斯: 你干得挺好,亲爱的,继续。

伊曼纽尔: 这话对我们俩都适用。

中国制造与 AI 的冲击

弗里德伯格: 我看中国,历史上靠的是制造业基础和能源生产能力。我常提一个数字:他们的发电能力正朝八太瓦迈进,我们大约在一太瓦徘徊,到 2040 年想达到两太瓦都很难。所以中国有海量的能源可以驱动一切电气化的东西。他们的制造业厂房面积是美国的二十倍,其中很大一部分已经自动化。而现在有了 AI,有了开源 AI,中国不仅在压制别人在制造业上的竞争力,在造分子、造药、造材料上的竞争力,我们还看到他们实际上正在消除别人在知识、服务和知识产权上的竞争能力。

而这恰恰是美国经济的核心,至少过去三十年是这样,往前推可能更久。我们转向全球贸易导向的经济后,任由制造业迁往中国和别处,自己专注于知识和服务。以我们今天的经济定位,加上 AI 的现状,你认为我们对中国还有回应之力吗?这是我在中美冲突里最担心的一点:我们都还在看过去三十年,而不是去想接下来二十年是什么样,那将是一个 AI 把美国经济赖以为生的一切都商品化的世界。

伊曼纽尔: 我先退一步讲我的看法。习近平上台,我们买了他推销的那套「双赢」。那从来不是双赢。中国的路数是:要让所有人依赖中国,而中国独立于所有人。他们的逻辑是:我们的市场会大到、重要到你们无可奈何,你们的经济要依赖我们的市场,我们再用这一点去破坏、操纵、控制你们的主权。而我们不依赖你们,不需要你们的市场,我们有多个来源。你给我们大麦,我们还有另外五家可以换。看看大豆的例子:美国说要断你们的大豆,他们说没关系,我们有巴西和阿根廷的大豆。他们在体系里布了双重保险,自己进退自如,我们和其他人却没有退路。

第二,我从新冠疫情里得到一个教训,它很能说明中国的计划,也说明我们该怎样变聪明。我们必须从错误里学习,不能视而不见。我马上回到你说的软件问题。新冠期间,习近平注意到「曲速行动」(Operation Warp Speed)之下,美国在十二到十四个月内研发出了有效率超过百分之九十的疫苗。中国用了十八九个月,有效率只有百分之六十几。我们确切知道,很多中国领导人不打中国疫苗,悄悄打的是辉瑞、莫德纳。他们的疫苗出口不出去,第三世界没人想要。这本是美国的巨大机会,无论在政治、经济、文化上,还是在所谓「赢得全球」这件事上,我们却把它挥霍了。

然后,习近平做了一个决定,这样的机会再不会有第二次:他对生命科学大举投资。五年之内,中国在生命科学上不只是紧咬美国的脚跟,而是已经和美国并驾齐驱。这是一个除了欧洲一两个例子之外,美国曾经独霸的领域。这里我要再打特朗普一下:他提交的每一份预算都要削减国立卫生研究院(NIH)百分之四十,每一份都是,共和党人顶回去,最后砍百分之十五。你不可能靠削减 NIH 走向美国的领导地位。

市面上有一种胰腺癌药物,来自 NIH 资助的研究,现在看来它可能对另外三四种癌症也有效。NIH、国家科学基金会(NSF)、国防高级研究计划局(DARPA)、美国的国家实验室和研究型大学,是我们王冠上的宝石。我们在做什么?我们有一个对它们宣战的政府,实际上是在单方面解除武装。

再说软件和制造。我们在软件和那些科技领域是主导者。我们不应该把软件和制造当成非此即彼的选择,两个都要。我们任由其中一个萎缩了,这是所有人的责任。我们让国家安全被商业化了。商业圆桌会议、商会在对华问题上对国家安全的影响力过大,我们眼看着一个又一个行业、一条又一条供应链搬到海外,美国经济越来越脆弱。这是所有人的责任,所有人。

结成经济同盟孤立中国

伊曼纽尔: 那么接下来二十年该做什么?第一,把澳大利亚、日本、韩国、台湾、欧盟、拉美的朋友聚拢起来,再多交一些朋友。不要对巴西宣战,那是本地区的大经济体。把这些国家结成一个经济同盟,因为站在一起就能让中国被孤立。孤立那个孤立者。然后利用同盟争取来的时间,不是靠我们的单边行动,而是在一个我们是主导者的经济同盟之内,组织我们的研究和产能,重新建起来。

拿国防工业举例,美国又一次措手不及,但不要低估美国:新技术、创业者、风险资本、DARPA 的研究能力,以及美国的部署能力。给我们五年,这套了不起的体系一定能出成果,只要我们不让雷神、通用动力把它扼杀掉,只要五角大楼愿意去培育。我们必须利用经济同盟争取的时间,把我们任其萎缩的东西重新立起来,再组织这个同盟去对抗中国,然后去对抗中国加朝鲜加伊朗加俄罗斯。我们孤立他们。而现在,说实话,总统把美国孤立了,而且是在美国最脆弱的时刻。这就是我看接下来二十年的方式。

中东的三大趋势

弗里德伯格: 中东国家在这盘棋里处于什么位置?它们是同盟的一部分吗?

伊曼纽尔: 当然,大卫。中东有三个趋势在同时发生。先把霍尔木兹海峡的新闻放到一边,看三四个趋势,再把它们合起来看。我在以色列讲那番话,理由之一就是它能孤立伊朗。那对以色列的安全是好事,对美国的领导地位是好事,对美国在中东的盟友也是好事。

第一个趋势:阿联酋、巴林、科威特还跟着美国走。沙特、埃及、约旦大体也在这一列。但沙特、埃及、巴基斯坦、土耳其、卡塔尔看起来在两头下注。他们知道自己依赖美国,但不打算依赖到脆弱的地步,因为伊朗和伊拉克两场战争里,美国的领导力缺位了。这是第一个趋势。我在演讲里提到「印度、中东、欧洲经济走廊」,原因就在于它能让所有人在经济上不断向美国靠近,在二十三国方案上也在政治上向美国靠近。

第二,伊朗用了四十年、四百多亿美元,打造了以色列所称的「章鱼」,也就是代理人网络。哈马斯已被削弱到接近覆灭,《外交事务》上有一篇很好的文章讲这一点。真主党被逼进了角落。大马士革和叙利亚已经丢了。伊拉克总统在处理民兵问题上看来进展不小,虽然还没走完。代理人战略的处境已经完全不同。举个例子:黎巴嫩政府正与以色列合作围堵和削弱真主党;叙利亚一位非阿萨德的总统正与以色列商谈安全协议。这意味着约旦和平、埃及和平、叙利亚安全协议,六日战争中的三支敌军都与以色列达成了某种了断。这是事实,战略上完全不同的事实。叙利亚还将成为一条能源管道的出口,从巴士拉直通叙利亚的港口,绕开霍尔木兹海峡。这些都是巨大的机会。

再加上你们显然知道的半导体芯片和经济上的其他环节。所以,是的,海湾的主要国家会是这个经济同盟的一部分。

台海三种剧本

卡拉卡尼斯: 离开中国之前,谈谈台湾。特朗普政府一直在说,中国计划在 2027 年或 2029 年攻打台湾,夺取晶圆厂等等。你在多届政府任职,那时的做法是「战略模糊」(strategic ambiguity)。

伊曼纽尔: 我要说明一点。我们在政治上保持模糊,但在用武力改变现状这件事上,我们一点也不模糊。

卡拉卡尼斯: 展开讲讲。

伊曼纽尔: 「一个中国」政策分两部分。一部分是政治表述。另一部分是:谁都不能靠武力改变现状。这是两回事。顺便证明一下,在座有人对《台湾关系法》和相关政策还是懂一点的。

卡拉卡尼斯: 你认为中国会在某个时候对台湾实施封锁吗?下一任总统该如何应对这种局面?我们是该空运撤出台湾的设备和人员,还是该反过来搞封锁?我觉得这个升级的可能没有得到足够的关注。说完这个我们再回到伊朗战争。

伊曼纽尔: 杰森,我从伊朗战争的后果说起。中国看着美国陷在霍尔木兹海峡,资源被调过去,于是他们和菲律宾的对抗急剧升温;对日本的经济、军事、政治孤立更加咄咄逼人,在钓鱼岛(日方称尖阁诸岛)周边的动作更加激进;他们在澳大利亚附近从潜艇上实弹发射了导弹。我还可以说下去,越南,还有其他一些事,南海里对菲律宾的动作最为剧烈。

中国在向我们所有的盟友传递一个信息,韩国、日本、印度、澳大利亚、新西兰、新加坡、菲律宾,甚至越南:看好了,你们的保护者不再是保护者了。这届政府造成的损害,不只是资源转移,注意力和政治精力也转移了。有一件事你们没问,但我要说:白宫一旦忙于一件事,就成了只能抛一个球的杂耍艺人。这个白宫被眼前的事情完全吞噬,对印太失去了聚焦,中国趁机加大了攻势,这一点非常明显。我们在印太的支柱是日本。日本正承受经济压力、政治压力、军事压力。是的,我们刚刚出手支持了日元,但在钓鱼岛周边我们什么也没做,对中国的经济胁迫和政治胁迫我们什么也没做。

所以你说 2027 年,我看的是今天。你没有等待的余地,事情正在发生。第二,我认为大家都盯着台湾,我马上会说台湾,但看看菲律宾、越南、马来西亚,看看中国的行为,看看他们在黄岩岛等处造的岛,他们没有在等,他们已经在把南海当成自家后院,尽管 2016 年他们在国际仲裁中输了。菲律宾不是台湾,它是一个国家,是条约盟友,而且打赢了 2016 年的官司。如果我们在那里都不挺身而出,那就先别谈台湾了。

卡拉卡尼斯: 听起来你认为我们应该在那里投射力量,和盟友一起部署部队、舰艇,并且要修补那些桥梁。

伊曼纽尔: 我们在那里已经有部队和资源。我们需要加倍,让菲律宾有信心,尤其是马科斯总统正在冒巨大的风险。第二,台湾问题上,中国有三种打法。一是隔离,二是入侵,三是拿掉大陆沿岸那几个属于台湾的小岛。那几个岛上有块石头、一只蝴蝶、一棵树,再加一个渔民,就这些。

三种打法:一是经济隔离(quarantine),慢慢把台湾闷死;二是入侵,试图在九十六小时内结束一切;三是拿下那几个小岛,然后看着全世界说:你们要为这点东西开战吗?他们搞的是渐进战略。回看中国的历史,这三种手法他们都对不同国家用过。我们必须为三种都做好准备。第一,他们想要的是九十六小时,不是乌克兰式的消耗。我们必须让他们明白:不,这会是九十六天,并且要有资源和能力表明这不会是一锤定音。第二,关于隔离,我们必须通过资源展示出,这就是菲律宾和冲绳诸岛重要的原因,隔离在空中和海上都行不通,否则他们就能得手。第三,关于那几个小岛,我们必须提前把力量投射到位。记住,这里有安全的一面,也有威慑的一面,而我们的威慑现在非常弱。

日本是印太的支柱

卡拉卡尼斯: 你在日本待过一段时间,我想听听你对日本重新武装的看法,以及日本在这盘棋里的角色。它显然是至关重要的盟友,韩国也是。在你看来,我们该如何争取这两个盟友?我们刚刚为日元托了底,与日本的关系相当稳固。

伊曼纽尔: 日本是美国印太政策的支柱。看四方安全对话(Quad),印度、澳大利亚、日本、美国;看我参与推动的两个三边机制,韩国、日本、美国,以及美国、日本、菲律宾。唯一的常数是日本。美国在单一国家中最大的军事部署就在日本,冲绳。按大洲算欧洲最大,但全世界唯一常驻航空母舰的地方是日本。这是军事上的。经济上,过去五年,对美直接投资的第一来源国是日本;同样五年,对日直接投资的第一来源国是美国。软实力,或者叫文化吸引力,看看棒球在美日之间是怎样一种共享的文化纽带就知道了。

现在日本的处境是这样:他们的首相(高市早苗)竟敢公开说出我们三十年来一直想让日本首相公开说的话,即对台湾动手会构成日本的国家安全威胁。她一说,中国就炸了,因为她把中国最不想让人公开说的话,出于国内理由公开说了。日本现在同时承受着经济胁迫、政治胁迫和军事恫吓。我们必须到场。我很高兴政府决定干预支持日元,虽然我认为其中有不少自利的成分,涉及我们的国债和美元,因为我们的债务规模太大,国债正承受压力。但我们必须做更多:军事训练上要做更多;俄罗斯和中国在钓鱼岛周边搞演习时,我们却不在场。

欧洲衰败与默克尔之争

弗里德伯格: 谈下一个话题之前,能先去欧洲转一圈吗?

伊曼纽尔: 这是你们的节目,你想怎么办都行。

弗里德伯格: 我确实想谈国内问题,尤其是经济,以及政府开支与经济的相互作用。但在此之前,有一种论点认为欧洲处于不可逆转的衰败之中。很多人指出的一些事实,与你对德国选择党(AfD)是新纳粹党派的定性相反:这个党其实是对欧洲开放边境、开放移民政策的反应,许多人认为那种政策耗尽了资源,稀释了文化。

伊曼纽尔: 大卫,我说一件事。德国情报机构把选择党列为监视对象。至于我怎么定性它,你不接受也没关系。

弗里德伯格: 美国情报机构也曾把唐纳德·特朗普列为监视对象,对吧?很多事可以有很多种说法。不过我不是要支持这个党,我是想指出,欧洲正在发生的某些事引发了反应。

伊曼纽尔: 这毫无疑问,文化上和经济上都有反应。欧洲有反应,美国也有反应。

弗里德伯格: 那你怎么看欧洲现在的位置,移民起了什么作用,欧洲又将走向何方?

伊曼纽尔: 我认为移民起了作用,就像经济停滞也起了作用。这个问题我们绕不开,也是在把话题往国内拉,伊朗我们再往后推一推。看看收入发生了什么。在美国,靠工资撑到下一个发薪日的人所占比例比以往更高。

卡拉卡尼斯: 差不多三分之二,我记得是百分之六十三。

伊曼纽尔: 这改变了我们的政治,也改变了我们的文化图景。所以移民是否起了作用?百分之百起了作用。但我同样认为,收入停滞、财富越来越集中,而且政治体制越来越向那些财富倾斜,这一切都搅进了同一锅汤里。没有一碟单独的「移民汤」和另一碟单独的「收入、经济增长、GDP 汤」。

至于欧洲,我这么看。意大利前总理德拉吉给欧盟写了一份很好的方案。一个强健的、以欧洲为基础的经济体系,在技术和其他方面为西方体系做贡献,符合我们的利益。如果我关于经济同盟的判断是对的,你要的不是搭便车的人,而是真正划桨的人。所以我认为欧洲对美国的安全很重要,对我们的经济繁荣尤其重要。我们希望他们有竞争力。我也确实认为,他们在某种程度上参与了对自己的窒息。

弗里德伯格: 就这一点,拉姆,「欧洲正在自杀」这个说法已经成了政治叙事的一部分。你不同意吗?

伊曼纽尔: 我认为欧洲做出了一些不符合欧洲公民最佳利益的政策决定。

弗里德伯格: 好吧,那和我说的没什么区别。简短的回答就是「是」,你同意。

伊曼纽尔: 那么问下去。

弗里德伯格: 这些政策可以说是左派政策,它们来自左翼。能源政策掏空了德国的核电,让德国依赖俄罗斯能源,那是一套疯狂的决策。一边提供公共服务和福利,一边打开边境增加人口,让不具生产力的人进来消耗那些资源,再加上文化稀释的种种。选择党和欧洲其他政党正是从这里崛起的。

伊曼纽尔: 所以你是说,弗里德伯格,开放边境是左派政策?过去四十年,让尽可能多的人进入这个国家充当劳动力,一直是共和党的政策。等一下,大卫,安格拉·默克尔的党籍对你来说是个谜吗?

弗里德伯格: 不是。

伊曼纽尔: 等一下。你刚才对左派挥了一大棒。安格拉·默克尔出身基督教民主联盟,是保守派。第二,是她决定关掉核电。等等,你在讲的这一点,我很抱歉,这可能是我最后一次上你们的节目了,在历史上就是错的。

弗里德伯格: 好吧,你可以尽管说我错了。

卡拉卡尼斯: 系好安全带。我正看得起劲。

伊曼纽尔: 她来自基民盟(CDU)。一百万叙利亚人涌出来的时候,说「我们应付得来」的是她。那是基督教民主联盟,是保守派,是科尔的党。第二,日本核电站发生熔毁之后,是她关停了德国的核电站,让德国大大依赖俄罗斯能源,而当时警告她别这么干的是我们。所以别告诉我这是左派干的。你错了。

弗里德伯格: 说清楚一点,反核的言论已经流行了很长时间。

伊曼纽尔: 但下令关停的总理是谁?

弗里德伯格: 默克尔。

伊曼纽尔: 她是哪个党的?

弗里德伯格: 基督教民主联盟。

伊曼纽尔: 在政治光谱上属于左还是中?

弗里德伯格: 要是按今天的标准,我会说极右,但……

伊曼纽尔: 这是胡扯。

弗里德伯格: 你大概会想这样定性,但我认为核心论点……

伊曼纽尔: 好,我在你身上赢够了「伊曼纽尔积分」,现在退一步说。移民问题上,是的,她打开了边境,而本该有一个更审慎的程序。有一件事我们确切知道,我说的是国内的移民问题:人们不喜欢失序。他们不喜欢边境上的失序,也不喜欢明尼阿波利斯街头的失序。欧洲对失序做出了反应,无论是在斯德哥尔摩还是在柏林,那看上去完全失控了。欧洲是一个非常好客的大陆,但那场面显得彻底失控,就像这个周末摩洛哥那件事一样。

好,这是不那么光彩的一面。但说这是左派的问题,就是不准确。经济上,布鲁塞尔忙着监管的同时,扼杀了创新、创业和竞争力,他们正在设法纠正。我对我们,也就是特朗普政府的不满在于:他们正努力处理这些问题的时候,我们在加剧他们的紧张。我读到一篇报道,数字我得记准,德国现在每月因为中国的压力流失五千到一万个制造业岗位。这本该是我们的机会,走过去说:我们一起对付中国,不是各自单干,而是一起。我们没有这么做。相反,我们的副总统在选举前九天会见选择党;英国出现种族问题,我们火上浇油;梅洛尼在处理国内的事,我们攻击她。

特朗普为何向下出拳

卡拉卡尼斯: 对不起,拉姆,特朗普为什么这么干?如果有战略的话,他的战略是什么?

伊曼纽尔: 杰森,这话我以前说过,再说一遍:这位总统向下出拳,向上献媚。他执念于让普京和习近平把他当作平起平坐的对手来敬重,而他们觉得他是个笑话。他们认为他不是他们的对手,美国高于他们,但他本人不是他们的对手。于是他拿巴西的卢拉、德国的默茨、意大利的梅洛尼、加拿大的卡尼、墨西哥的辛鲍姆开刀,向下出拳,因为他觉得,你是中等强国,我就要给你看看我多大多凶。他不过是个恃强凌弱的人,如今没人再买账了。所有人都看着这位皇帝,他没穿衣服。这里面没有战略,全是他的不安全感。

卡拉卡尼斯: 他就是在信马由缰。好,我们谈伊朗,然后回到美国。

伊曼纽尔: 刚才痛击大卫一阵,我感觉正好呢。

弗里德伯格: 我告诉你,如果你把安格拉·默克尔的那些决定写在一张白纸上给我看,我会说那是一份左派纲领。我还想说,整个欧洲都出现了一种我不知该怎么形容的东西。我想弄明白的,是这些自杀式政策决定背后的心理,以及外国影响在其中的作用。它们似乎被包裹在某种既定的左派观念里,最后变成了大规模的政策行动。具体说,就是经济决策、能源决策、移民决策,这是核心。

移民:尊严法案

卡拉卡尼斯: 好,拉姆,我们一件一件说。移民极其重要。我觉得我们从太热跳到了太冷。美国人不喜欢开放边境,正如你所说,那是混乱;但根据民调,他们同样厌恶另一种混乱:移民与海关执法局(ICE)把人从家里拖出去,抓走摘草莓的人,把美国人打得半死。我们已经有四起死亡案件,将来会一一审理。我想知道你的移民解决方案。特朗普总统上过我们的节目,他承诺给每一个来美国的留学生的文凭上钉一张绿卡,后来食言了,反而一直在设法赶走我们引进的这些最优秀的人才,这损害了我们在硅谷等地建立伟大公司的能力。我们几乎所有伟大的创业者都是移民或移民的子女,比如我的朋友大卫·弗里德伯格。经历了这一冷一热之后,拉姆·伊曼纽尔的移民方案是什么?有没有一个恰到好处的中间地带?

伊曼纽尔: 说来奇怪,我大概是最后一个还相信能在立法上达成协议的乐观派。我从两条原则出发:我们是一个法治国家,也是一个移民国家。无论在合法移民还是非法移民问题上做什么,都必须同时忠于这两条。没有人喜欢看到有人违法却被放过,我也不喜欢。坐在你们面前的这个人,就是当年为克林顿总统设计了圣迭戈「守门人行动」(Operation Gatekeeper)、亚利桑那诺加莱斯「保障行动」(Operation Safeguard)、还有埃尔帕索那些行动的人。再加上工作场所的执法资源。严守边境,严格执法,这是我的立场。

有一个法案叫《尊严法案》(Dignity Act),众议院里有二十三名共和党人和二十三名民主党人联署。它忠于法治国家和移民国家这两条。它是杰森会写的法案吗?不是。是拉姆·伊曼纽尔会写的法案吗?也不是。但它能达成目标吗?能。别人都在用漂亮话躲着,我公开支持了它。如果你玩政治,会离这事远远的,只说些空话。但对我来说,我们必须把这个问题甩到身后,才能有前面的未来。二十三名共和党人已经在合法移民和非法移民的某些条款上签了字。和民主党占多数时的第一版比,它是否更偏向共和党一点?是的,他们现在是多数。能不能往原版拉回来一点?也能。这需要白宫拿出领导力,而不是像特朗普总统那样上这个节目说几句空话,然后从不兑现,「追梦者」问题他就是这样,「文凭钉绿卡」他也是这样。

合法移民,就是把最优秀、最聪明的人吸引来。回到我们的中国例子:今天领导中国生命科学的那些人,全是在美国培养、在美国生命科学界工作过的,我们像傻子一样把他们赶走了。所以,对我来说,通过《尊严法案》,别再折腾它。我再说一遍,那不是我坐在键盘前会写出的法案。但它能达成我设定的目标吗?它是真正的妥协吗?是。它是否终于在边境做了该做的事?是。它是否终于在吸引顶尖人才上做了该做的事?是。在我看来,这能终止这场内战。

积分制与留学生

卡拉卡尼斯: 积分制怎么样?世界上所有运转良好的移民国家似乎都用积分制。就连日本,我几周前的那次出行才知道,他们要求你必须能流利说日语才能拿到那些工作。有那么多人想去他们那个了不起的国家,他们把口子收得很紧,逼着人融入。你对融入、语言要求和积分制怎么看?日本有什么可借鉴的?

伊曼纽尔: 你碰到的这个问题,既是法律问题,也是历史和文化问题。我不认为日本是一个完美的类比,它是个岛国。如果要找可以学习、可以效仿的对象,我会说是两个国家:加拿大,它有某种形式的积分制,有自己的变体、自己的加拿大印记;还有丹麦。

日本是一个百分之九十八同质化的社会,移民只有大约三百七十万,他们就觉得自己有移民问题了。看美国的人口构成,从数量上讲就完全是两回事。我会看加拿大的体系。加拿大因为我们的体系或者说我们的失能,现在正吸走原本会来美国、原本会在美国求学的人才。我认为加拿大模式和丹麦模式更接近最佳实践和经验教训。《尊严法案》也做了其中一部分。

再举一个例子,这不算移民问题,但我谈高等教育负担时讲过。我会允许全美的大学设一个目标,外国学生最多可以占到百分之二十。今天有的学校是百分之六,有的更多。研究生和本科生之间怎么分配我不管,那是你们的事。但这些学生付全价。这笔钱可以补贴美国学生,让他们三年读完学士而不是四年,为父母省下一年的学费,因为外国学生付全价,他们要的是美国这个品牌。而且既然他们来这里读书,就更可能想留下来,然后从科技和其他领域开始为这个国家的经济做贡献,就像你说的那样。很多移民和移民子女是因为大学体系而来的,那是美国的一项政治力量、说服力和能力,我们一直投资不足。所以简短的回答是:加拿大和丹麦是更好的范例。

关于《尊严法案》,我不想坐在这儿跟你逐条拆解。第一,它能解决问题。第二,我要说得非常清楚:控制住边境,就是在发出信号,违法的人不会得到奖赏。我对我们党非常愤怒,不只是因为丢掉了对边境的控制,还因为 2020 年的辩论上,一群人举手说要给非法越境者提供医保。先不谈移民政策,谈价值观。美国家庭正被医疗费用压得喘不过气来。我们没有实现全民覆盖,但已经走了很远。而你们却在谈给非法越境的人免费医保。这在每一个层面上都是愚蠢的。

卡拉卡尼斯: 杰森,我希望你以后叫他大卫。再多给他一点伤害。

伊曼纽尔: 你们说我这样,其实是你们的问题。我只是觉得弗里德伯格太没有敏感度,而我们已经清楚证明大卫在这个节目上是很有敏感度的。

弗里德伯格: 我非常敏感。我总跟人说我大概是最后一个会被任何事惹恼的人,但杰森总是开场就惹到我。

政府支出推高物价?

弗里德伯格: 拉姆,我先提一个框架,一个我希望你反驳的论点。

伊曼纽尔: 我反对。能不能先确认一个事实:安格拉·默克尔出身基民盟?

弗里德伯格: 我确认的事实是,我认为安格拉·默克尔是个左派。不过这确实说明了一个问题:这些党到底由什么来定义。你所属的那个党,民主党,在它温和派的巅峰期想要平衡预算,想要控制边境,想要全球化,现在这些倒有一半成了特朗普的主张。这些党已经很难定义了,尤其在社交媒体时代。

伊曼纽尔: 所以我认为「这些是左派政策」这类分类,全都是白费功夫、已经失效了。不过请继续,大卫。

弗里德伯格: 是的,就连特朗普政府也在入股公司,这可不是典型的自由市场保守派做法。我把框架摆出来。我认为过去三十年里,凡是政府花更多钱试图让美国公民更容易获得的东西,其成本都以不成比例的速度上涨。过去三十年平均通胀率是百分之二点五,而住房平均每年至少涨百分之五,复合增长;教育超过百分之六;医疗百分之五点五。这三类恰恰都是联邦政府通过各种承诺推出计划,去补贴或提供服务的领域:你们每个人都会有房子,每个人都会有教育,每个人都会有医保。政府在住房上每年投三千亿,教育两千亿,医疗超过一万亿、接近两万亿,投得越多,东西越贵。那么,提供这些服务究竟是不是政府的职责?还是该滚开,让市场运转?因为凡是政府没有推出服务、没有提供补贴和贷款的领域,比如科技、能源、食品、消费服务,我们看到的是总成本的净下降。放手让市场运转,通缩就真的发生了。但当政府冲进来,想把市场调动起来为更多人提供更多东西,东西就只会越来越贵。告诉我,我错在哪儿?

伊曼纽尔: 你错了。首先,《退伍军人权利法案》(GI Bill)是政府发起的,它带来了美国住房和自有住房率的大幅上升。二战之后,你会建议对那些在海外服役的人说,不搞《退伍军人权利法案》,因为市场会照顾好你们的住房需求吗?它还包括一个教育部分。第二,你说食品成本下降是因为政府没有插手,那你怎么看农业法案?它补贴美国的粮食种植,补贴大农业。

弗里德伯格: 那个法案我很熟,你想的话我们可以辩一辩。

伊曼纽尔: 你说我们没插手能源,可我们有钻探的税收减免。我们插手能源了。你说的根本不成立。

弗里德伯格: 拉姆,你可以说我们什么都碰。我说的是总支出规模。

伊曼纽尔: 这正是你的类比错的原因。第二,我认为在美国,私人部门与公共部门之间有一种平衡。当权力和财富的集中过了头,这种平衡就要去帮助那些最脆弱的人,不只是一般的脆弱,而是在权力集中面前的脆弱。我刚参加了老罗斯福图书馆的开馆,那正是对政府职责的一次重新定义。

至于住房,政府确实搞砸了,但不在联邦层面,而在地方层面。像旧金山、纽约这样的地方,经济非常好,但分区、建筑、许可方面的限制性法规推高了成本。不是唯一原因,但是一个重要的贡献因素。我今天不是市长了,但如果我是芝加哥市长,我会说:把我们所有的分区法、建筑法、规划许可法全部摆出来,对照达拉斯、休斯敦和菲尼克斯。你告诉我,我们有而他们没有的是什么,为什么我们有他们没有。说不出理由的,统统扔出去。

我还会做另外一些事,因为我认为住房最大的问题是首次购房,这是 2008 年金融危机之后的现象。不知为何,市场跑到了高端和低端两头,而首次购房这一段的新建住房卡住了。我确实认为这是一个公共部门和私人部门必须联手解决的问题,它已经存在了近二十年,私人部门靠自己没有解决。所以我不同意你的类比。我确实认为,有些地方政府在给自己使绊子,也有些地方政府应当有针对性地激励私人部门去解决问题。这是我处理这个问题的思路。

教育改革蓝图

弗里德伯格: 那教育呢?

伊曼纽尔: 我正要转到这上面来。我花了八年,每一天、每一个小时都在修复一个破败的教育体系。等我干完,斯坦福的肖恩·里尔登说,在全美最大的一百个学区里,芝加哥是最好的一个。我们用实绩说话:毕业率从百分之五十六提到百分之八十三,每一个小学年级的阅读和数学成绩都提高了。我凭记忆说,可能略有出入,报告里都有,我们比同类学区领先六个月。相信我,那非常不容易。九月底我要去路易斯安那,因为它是唯一一个阅读和数学成绩回到疫情前水平的州,我要去看看他们在做什么,就像我曾经去密西西比看小学教育一样。

第一,我们办了免费全日制幼儿园和免费全日制学前班。我非常相信幼儿早期教育和小学阶段。第二,三件事:普遍的责任制,不只针对教师,还包括家长、校长和学校;重启教师教育与培训,让它持续不断,而不是一次了事,今天的教师培训实在乏善可陈,要给教师足够的支持,让他们知道在自己教的科目上该怎么做,持续培训,从大学开始重做整个教师培养体系;把各路资源编织起来,让州和市能够整合,因为芝加哥南区、西区的情况,和郊区、和北区学院预科、佩顿中学这些最好的学校,学生根本不同,贫困学生需要更多资源,但整个体系都要有责任制。第四,没人愿意谈的一点:你得天天守着它。这是一个二十年的工程,不是两年的工程。密西西比和路易斯安那已经证明了这一点。

高中要根本性改革。小学守住基本功,高中我们把百分之五十的孩子,那是我们当时的目标,带到了高中毕业时已经拿到大学学分。如果我决定干这件事,我会把目标设成百分之百:所有孩子都通过与本地社区学院的双学分、双注册项目,带着大学学分从高中毕业,全国有一千二百所社区学院。第二,我们是全美唯一设立了这项规定的学区,我想把它变成全国性要求:没有人可以在拿不出一份录取通知的情况下拿到高中文凭,大学、社区学院、某个军种,或者职业学校的录取都行。每一个孩子,不只是杰森、大卫和拉姆家的孩子,都要有一个计划。他们在毕业典礼上走过台时,知道自己走向哪里。普遍的高中后教育。我们在芝加哥雇了大量的大学与职业顾问,达到了百分之九十八的合规率。第三,把浪费在 ICE 拘留中心上的八十亿美元拿出来,更新我们的社区学院体系,包括校园、课程,以及与周边产业的相关性。

第五,高等教育。外国学生最多百分之二十。允许学校找出百分之十为遵守联邦规定而花的开销,省下的钱百分之百自己留着。如果一个孩子从高中毕业时带着二十个大学学分,就可以读三年制学士而不是四年,为父母省下整整一年的学费。牛津和剑桥就是三年制学士。如果家庭收入低于二十万美元,上大学免费。如果收入高于二十万,学费每年的涨幅不得超过通胀。

这就是我在教育上会做的:让孩子至少读四年、最好是三年的普遍学前教育;回归基本功,守住它,把责任制和标准带回学校体系;把高中阶段改造成大学与职业导向,而不只是以文凭为导向,有两三个具体做法。最好的一个我也做了,我们是第一个也是唯一一个这么做的学区、第一个这么做的城市:高中成绩达到平均水平,社区学院就免费。目的是把高中这个最容易流失学生的阶段和社区学院融合起来,让孩子带着大学学分从高中毕业,为人生的下一步做好准备。所有工作岗位里,百分之八十要求高中之后至少两年的教育。而从老罗斯福以来,我们对高中阶段就没有做过任何改造。这就是从上到下的方案。

任何收入、任何背景的孩子都不被落下。你想上大学当工程师,很好。你想当护士,想当木匠,都好。

学贷、行政膨胀与三年级

弗里德伯格: 当你把越来越多的钱投进社区学院、投进联邦学生贷款项目,行政人员就不断膨胀。过去三十年,行政人员的占比从百分之十涨到了百分之六十,因为他们的支出没有上限。联邦学生贷款项目不设任何标准,不会说:如果你的学费太贵,如果你的学校不够好,我们就限制你使用这个贷款项目。这个贷款项目毫无限制,等于是给火添柴。

伊曼纽尔: 你说的是成本。好,我刚才坐在这儿告诉你该怎么做。现在让我问你:你还没有回应百分之五十的孩子达不到年级阅读水平这个事实。

弗里德伯格: 你想跟我谈……

伊曼纽尔: 不,等一下,大卫。你提问的方式已经告诉我你的优先级在哪里。

弗里德伯格: 我想谈的是学生贷款,是高等教育。我不是在谈……

伊曼纽尔: 那你怎么走到高等教育那一步?

弗里德伯格: 我明白你不想谈这个,但有很多父母围着餐桌在谈这个。我谈的是成本和高等教育,就这些。

伊曼纽尔: 我刚给了你一个方案。问问上你们节目的任何人,我刚给了你一个控制成本的方案,没有一条涉及学生贷款项目。它涉及的是我们不让外国学生进来付全价,是在割自己的鼻子,这正让我们的大学捉襟见肘。你可以做到百分之二十,怎么分配你自己定。你可以找出百分之十为遵守联邦规定花的钱,省下的百分之百自己留着。

但你要做的不同的事情是:想上大学?那就改造小学阶段和高中阶段发生的一切。大卫,你知道孩子是什么时候从大学辍学的吗?三年级。他们从三年级就开始辍学了。当你有一半的孩子达不到年级阅读水平,大学的成本不是你的问题。我们要在一半孩子不会阅读的情况下和中国竞争?对不起,这不是打败一个人口三倍于你的国家的办法。

弗里德伯格: 是的,我们需要解决那个问题。但退一步看,我担心的是……

伊曼纽尔: 孩子在三年级就从大学辍学了,大卫。

弗里德伯格: 我不是在谈辍学。我谈的是我们在大学行政上花了多少钱,我们任由它膨胀到什么程度,而这最终导致了成本问题和高等教育的可及性问题。拉姆,一个孩子一年上学要三万、四万、六万、八万美元。

伊曼纽尔: 两点。你谈的是成本,对我来说,问题是我们放弃了一半的孩子。

弗里德伯格: 「放弃」这个说法公平。

伊曼纽尔: 你指出了一个问题,我也在指出一个问题。第二,在我看来,我在教育这个题目上花的时间比谁都多。我上大学时想当幼儿教师。我接手的那个体系,威廉·贝内特称它是全美最差的,我把它带到了斯坦福的肖恩·里尔登所说的百大学区第一,那耗尽了我的全部心力。

我们必须把高中阶段拿出来改造,更不用说小学阶段的标准和责任制了,按我讲的三件互相配套的事去做:成绩达到平均水平,社区学院免费;百分之五十我当作目标,其实一百个里应该一百个带着大学学分毕业;没有人可以拿着一张不告诉我们你下一步去哪儿的文凭毕业,大学、社区学院、某个军种、认证学校都行。我不是只讲大学。光是数据中心就缺五十万到六十万名电工。宽带缺十五万人。我们造不出潜艇,因为没有管道工和水暖工。你想当管道工?很好。想当医生?很好。想当理疗师?很好。要有一个真正反映我们所需经济和技能的教育体系。

赤字、税法与五件事

弗里德伯格: 这一点说得好。拉姆,你提出了很多好观点,也有一些我不同意,但这正是我们节目的意义。我的担忧来自更大的图景:联邦政府每年支出七万亿,收入五万亿,缺口两万亿。我们有四十万亿债务,三十年期利率百分之五,每年利息就是两万亿。我们必须找到办法理顺联邦政府的财政状况,我们的孩子才有未来。所以对我来说,一切都归结到成本模型:我们在哪儿花钱推高了成本,而那些钱本不该花。

卡拉卡尼斯: 顺便说一句,拉姆,这正是特朗普承诺要通过「政府效率部」(DOGE)和其他削减来做的事,结果全是江湖骗术。

伊曼纽尔: 我不接受财富再分配,也不接受腐败。以腐败为基本原则,就不可能有资本主义或经济自由,它违背法治,而法治是资本主义和经济自由的关键。而再分配对增长毫无帮助。我相信五件事,它们对于经济增长、收入增长、让人们不再靠工资撑到下一个发薪日至关重要。第一,我们刚谈的教育与培训的全部内容,从学前班到学士。第二,移民问题上的《尊严法案》。第三,现代化我们的能源体系,得州是全美最好的样板。第四,对所有预测市场和在线体育博彩征收百分之十的税,全部拨给 NIH、国家科学基金会和 DARPA,把研究经费翻一倍。第五,一部不奖励守财而奖励创富的税法。现在这部税法就经济自由而言是一桩丑事。

未来五年控制住总支出,不许增长,并在体系内开始做一些艰难的选择。我告诉你们了,你们不会赞成:我不会花三百八十亿美元建没人想要的拘留中心。我会先拿出其中八十亿,更新全国一千二百所社区学院,它们是威斯康星拉克罗斯、南卡罗来纳斯帕坦堡这些地方的经济脊梁,名单可以一直列下去。我亲眼见过,因为我们在自己的社区学院做过,世界银行称它是全美最好的大学与职业项目。这才是我们该做的事。我们要做一些艰难的选择。我不相信给 ICE 特工五万美元的签约奖金,我更愿意把奖金给那些报名去当木匠、当电工的人。那对美国的未来更重要,比一帮蒙面人在明尼阿波利斯街头乱窜重要得多。

弗里德伯格: 这件事的政治怎么走?你如何让国会跟着你走?多年来两党都在说,我们要理顺开支,要做正确的事,要走出赤字,要让美国在经济上可持续,让人们能往前走。每个人都有好主意,可一到关键时刻,各选区、各州的议员最后都说:我要给我的选民更多,好让自己连任。预算就这样一涨再涨。

伊曼纽尔: 大卫,美国政治不幸的地方就在这儿。作为「绝不让一场好危机白白浪费」这句话的发明人,我要说,危机就是干大事的机会。我认为克林顿留下的盈余催生了草率。我们试图靶着两次减税打两场战争,蠢到家了,美国历史上从没干过。狂野的一切就从那时开始。我们从一个艾伦·格林斯潘说会因为十年期国债而对美国构成危险的盈余,走到了三十八万亿的债务,因为那太不计后果了。我们靶着两次减税打伊拉克和阿富汗,美国历史上从未试过,结果证明是愚蠢的。

现在这场危机到期了,它会迫使这个体系做一些非常艰难的事。与此同时 AI 正悬在头顶,财富不能进一步向极少数人集中,因为你不可能只靪削减开支就达到你想要的财政理性,不只是因为政治,也因为那不对,也行不通。所以我们必须同时处理收入端和支出端。支出上我给了你一个上限。但我们的税法让这个节目上的每一个人,包括我,都因为守住财富、把它传下去而得到奖励。六周前《华尔街日报》有篇报道:有人在组织静修营,帮富家子弟学习如何打理遗产。

卡拉卡尼斯: 是啊。

伊曼纽尔: 你开什么玩笑。而我们的税法就是在偏袒这种事。如果你不利用它来保住财富、一代一代传下去,你就是个傻子。你们都知道这一点,我们都知道。继承成本基准上调(step-up basis)就是一种把所有税都躲掉的办法,而其他人都在为生计干活,付不起每月的账单。所以这会打到每一个人头上,你必须做一些改变。

最低工资

卡拉卡尼斯: 有一件事,我和大多数资本家一样,过去并不在意,就是最低工资,我一直想着自由市场会自己解决。但看了美国各城市提高最低工资的结果,看了新西兰和北欧国家的情况,现在所有研究都显示,涨到每小时十二到二十美元,没有差别。不会给那些公司造成经济困难,也不会导致失业或自动化。你对提高联邦最低工资怎么看?

伊曼纽尔: 三件事。上一次提高最低工资时我和克林顿一起工作过。南希·佩洛西当上议长,我帮过忙,那是最后一次上调,七点二五美元。我当市长时提高了它。我坚信不只要提高最低工资,还要像我们在芝加哥做的那样,让它每年随之上调,并配上非常慷慨的劳动所得税收抵免(earned income tax credit)。这才能让劳动有回报。所以,最低工资加上非常有力的劳动所得税收抵免。如果我能挥一挥魔杖,我会把劳动所得税收抵免、儿童税收抵扣合并成一项单一的家庭抵免。全部放在一起。

民主社会主义者是另一个党

卡拉卡尼斯: 收尾之前,我们该谈谈美国民主社会主义者(DSA)。

伊曼纽尔: 上周末,DSA 在芝加哥开了他们的大会。你们不是民主党人,你们是另一个党。十一月见。你们实际上在打败民主党人。算了吧,我没兴趣。我这一生都在做什么?帮比尔·克林顿取代乔治·布什,帮巴拉克·奥巴马战胜约翰·麦凯恩,把三十一个选区从共和党议员翻成民主党议员,好让南希·佩洛西当上议长。我对把一个蓝区变成深夜蓝没有兴趣。那对最低工资没有任何帮助,对普遍学前教育没有任何帮助,对给一千万没有医保的孩子医保没有任何帮助。

所以我不为所动。你们是另一个党,你们叫美国民主社会主义者。十一月选票上见。你们开了自己的党代会,你们不是民主党人。前几天,托马斯·埃兹尔的专栏里引了一个人,DSA 网络里的「正义民主党人」(Justice Democrats)成员,说他们对打败共和党人没兴趣。好,我欣赏这份坦诚。我认为唐纳德·特朗普是一场关乎存亡的危机。你们认为巴拉克·奥巴马、南希·佩洛西或哈基姆·杰弗里斯是关乎存亡的危机?我不这么认为。我们有根本的战略分歧,有根本的政策分歧,有根本的政治分歧。去你们自己的党,待在那儿。十一月见。

卡拉卡尼斯: 就是这样,各位。拉姆·伊曼纽尔到此结束。未来几个月、几年我们还会请你回来,这次访谈太精彩了,下次得让你和查马斯、萨克斯一起上。非常感谢。

伊曼纽尔: 谢谢各位。

本期讲者
拉姆·伊曼纽尔美国民主党政治人物,曾任克林顿高级顾问、国会众议员、奥巴马首任白宫办公厅主任、芝加哥市长(2011–2019)及驻日本大使(2022–2025),被视为 2028 年潜在总统参选人。
杰森·卡拉卡尼斯天使投资人、All-In 播客联合主持人,早期投资 Uber、Robinhood 等公司。
大卫·弗里伯格All-In 播客联合主持人,Ohalo Genetics 创始人兼 CEO,此前创办气候保险公司 Climate Corporation 并以约 10 亿美元售予孟山都。
章节 · 点击跳转视频
0:00 开场:从克林顿与奥巴马学到什么 ▶ 正在看
5:03 两个超级大国都在输出国内失调 ▶ 正在看
11:05 中国的能源制造优势与对华经济集团 ▶ 正在看
17:58 中东三股趋势与伊朗代理人崩解 ▶ 正在看
20:30 台海三情景、南海先手与日本支柱 ▶ 正在看
28:37 欧洲衰败之争:默克尔算左派吗 ▶ 正在看
38:37 移民:尊严法案与加拿大丹麦模式 ▶ 正在看
47:41 政府补贴到底推不推高价格 ▶ 正在看
52:36 芝加哥教育改革与高中重造方案 ▶ 正在看
1:02:28 赤字、税法、最低工资与增长五点 ▶ 正在看
1:09:20 DSA 是另一个党,十一月见 ▶ 正在看
本期论点
本期回应
其他论点
5:46
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:中国最大的出口品不是汽车和电子产品,而是本国经济失调 拉姆·伊曼纽尔
7:27
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:对付中国不该靠关税,而该联合盟友组建经济集团在市场上正面竞争 做法拉姆·伊曼纽尔
12:33
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:中国的核心战略是让所有国家依赖中国,而中国不依赖任何国家 拉姆·伊曼纽尔
19:16
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:伊朗耗时40年、耗资400多亿美元建起的代理人网络已被逐个瓦解 观察拉姆·伊曼纽尔
24:02
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:中国在南海的推进比台海更紧迫,美国已经没有时间等到2027年 拉姆·伊曼纽尔
32:37
大卫·弗里伯格:掏空德国核电、依赖俄罗斯能源、开放边境这些欧洲自毁政策都出自左翼 大卫·弗里伯格
35:48
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:默克尔出自保守派基民盟,把欧洲的能源与移民决策算到左派头上不准确 拉姆·伊曼纽尔
43:46
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:美国移民制度该学的是加拿大和丹麦,而不是日本 做法拉姆·伊曼纽尔
47:58
大卫·弗里伯格:政府为提高可及性而加大投入的领域,过去三十年成本涨幅远超通胀 观察大卫·弗里伯格
50:59
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:美国住房贵的一大推手是地方层面的分区规划与建筑许可限制,而非联邦支出 拉姆·伊曼纽尔
1:00:23
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:当50%的孩子达不到年级阅读水平时,大学成本根本不是美国教育的真问题 拉姆·伊曼纽尔
1:04:20
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:对预测市场和线上体育博彩征10%的税,用来把联邦科研经费翻倍 做法拉姆·伊曼纽尔
1:08:24
大卫·弗里伯格:最低工资从每小时12美元涨到20美元不会造成失业或自动化替代 大卫·弗里伯格
1:09:29
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:美国民主社会主义者已是另一个政党,不该被算作民主党人 拉姆·伊曼纽尔
1:10:35
拉姆·伊曼纽尔:特朗普构成生死存亡的危机,而佩洛西、杰弗里斯这类民主党人不是 拉姆·伊曼纽尔
01开场:从克林顿与奥巴马学到什么
0:00
All right, everybody. We are super pleased to have Rahm Emmanuel join us for the all-in interview today. He was the senior adviser of Bill Clinton, last president, reside over zero national debt, and he was Obama's chief of staff, mayor of Shytown, ambassador to my favorite country to visit Japan uh under President Biden. He hasn't made an official announcement about his presidential run in 2028, nor do I think he's going to make an announcement here, but he's been talking a lot about where the country needs to go in a postTrump world, specifically in 2028.
好,各位。今天我们非常高兴请到拉姆·伊曼纽尔来做客 All-In 访谈。他曾是比尔·克林顿的高级顾问——上一位实现国债归零的总统,他还当过奥巴马的白宫办公厅主任、芝加哥市长,以及拜登总统任内驻日本大使——日本是我最喜欢去的国家。他还没有正式宣布要参选 2028 年总统,我也不觉得他会在这儿宣布,但他一直在谈这个国家在后特朗普时代该往哪儿走,尤其是 2028 年。
便签引用
0:32
Freeberg and I are going to ask Rahm about the most important topics facing America today. the economy, inflation, employment, surging national debt, never- ending wars, the rise of socialism, and sadly anti-semitism, immigration, skilled and legal, and how his positions have evolved over four decades of service to America. Welcome to the All-In Interview. Rahm Emanuel, welcome, Rahm. >> I'm Yeah. >> Okay, there you go. >> I didn't know that was the queue. I was like waiting for that was felt like an obituary. I was waiting for the rabbi to get up. [laughter] >> [music] >> I'm going [music] that introduction is the only one that ever starts with Clinton. Usually they start my career in Congress and so I give you a lot of kudos for remembering that I started as senior adviser to President Clinton. So >> well let's start with that. What did you learn under Clinton and [laughter] Obama? And you know, these two what I would say are the last two sane presidents we seem to have had who were moderates. In my mind, I'm a moderate,
我和 Freeberg 会就当今美国面临的最重要议题向拉姆提问:经济、通胀、就业、暴涨的国债、没完没了的战争、社会主义的兴起,还有令人遗憾的反犹主义,移民问题——技术移民和合法移民,以及他的立场在为美国服务的四十年里是如何演变的。欢迎收看 All-In 访谈。拉姆·伊曼纽尔,欢迎你,拉姆。>> 我是……对。>> 好,这就对了。>> 我不知道那是提示我说话。我还在等……那听着像一段悼词。我还在等拉比站起来呢。[笑声]>> [音乐] >> 我要说 [音乐] 这是唯一一个从克林顿讲起的介绍。通常大家都从我在国会的经历开始讲,所以我特别要给你点个赞,谢谢你记得我是从克林顿总统的高级顾问做起的。>> 那我们就从这儿说起。你在克林顿和 [笑声] 奥巴马手下都学到了什么?我觉得这两位大概是我们最近这两位还算正常的总统,他们都是温和派。在我看来,我自己是个温和派,>> 稍微偏左一点,
便签引用
1:45
>> slightly left-leaning, >> but uh these seem to have been two great presidential runs that you were involved in. What did you learn from each of those individuals? >> They have different skill sets. So, let's also but they they had an outlook of the world. They had an outlook of the United States in the world. They had a outlook of kind of a progressive affirmative view of government. I think they most importantly, which I kind of remind everybody, you can't have progressive policies if people think that the government can't run and organize a one car parade. Not possible. They have to have an affirmative view. And the last time you've had a net positive was under Bill Clinton. And it actually wasn't for uh the balanced budget obviously helped, but actually it shifts when he signs welfare reform. And you can go back and look at the data. Uh but to their skill set, Bill Clinton was a unique person who um in my view was able to integrate in three-dimensional chess both policy, politics and press [snorts] and
>> 但这两场总统竞选你都参与了,而且都很成功。你从这两个人身上分别学到了什么?>> 他们的能力各不相同。不过我们也得说,他们有一套自己的世界观。他们对美国在世界上的位置有自己的看法。他们对政府的作用有一种进步、积极的看法。我觉得最重要的一点——我经常提醒大家——如果老百姓觉得政府连一辆车的游行队伍都组织不起来,你就不可能推行进步主义政策。根本不可能。他们必须对政府有积极的看法。而上一次政府支持率出现净正值,还是在比尔·克林顿任内。而且那其实不是因为……当然,平衡预算确实有帮助,但真正的转折点是他签署福利改革法案的时候。你可以回过头去看数据。至于他们各自的本事:比尔·克林顿是个很独特的人,在我看来他能像下三维象棋一样,把政策、政治和媒体这三样整合起来,而且他对总统这个职位的理解,就像当年西奥多·罗斯福重新定义了它一样。他是在为 21 世纪
便签引用
2:45
understood the presidency as a in a way that uh Teddy Roosevelt had redefined it. He was redefining it for the 21st century and he really meant what he said being a bridge there. And nobody was better not just at giving a speech but taking a policy being able to communicate to carry people from where they were to change and may not make change threatening and then achieve the objectives you wanted. That said, President uh Obama in my own view uh coming at the end or not the end but the Iraq war etc understood that this was a different president both the end of the Iraq war or towards the end and the financial meltdown that we were at a pivotal moment and a transitional moment for America and I do think you know look every president gets judged what's the world you inherited what is the world you leave behind. And sometimes the harshest critics of both Obama and Clinton come from the left, not the right. And I said, "Is it the peace or the prosperity you don't like most?" Because I'll I'll address it. Was
重新定义总统这个角色,他说自己要当一座桥梁,那是真心话。没有人比他更擅长——不只是演讲,而是拿一项政策,能够把它讲清楚,把人们从原来的位置带到改变上去,让改变听上去不那么可怕,然后真的实现你想要的目标。话虽如此,奥巴马总统在我看来,是在……不能说末期,而是伊拉克战争等等,大家都明白这是一位不一样的总统——无论是伊拉克战争的结束,或者说接近尾声的时候,还有那场金融崩盘,我们正处在一个关键的转折时刻,对美国来说是一个过渡期。我确实认为,你看,每一位总统都会被这样评判:你接手的是一个什么样的世界,你留下的又是一个什么样的世界。而有时候,对奥巴马和克林顿最严厉的批评来自左翼,而不是右翼。我就说:"你最不喜欢的是和平还是繁荣?"因为我愿意回应这个问题。是不是
便签引用
3:54
it >> the fact that post Reagan, Clinton's economy grew the most, jobs grew the most, and income disparity shrunk the most? And people were calling it the uni power that no country both economically, politically, militarily had as the power the United States had. Now we can get back to what happened there. Uh and then I think in the same way uh the left criticizes Obama for being kind of uh tepid and you know he hires a country that's near a depression known as the great recession but it was actually getting close to a depression saves it from that transitions to from losing 800,000 jobs to creating 200,000 jobs and you know gets America out of uh two wars uh continues obviously the war on terror but repositions America in the world to be a force for good. And I learned how you, you know, it's not like a to-do kit. There's no kind of there's no to-do kit in the drawer of the resolute desk, but the merging of policy, politics, and uh I want to say public relations, but communications.
不满于里根之后,克林顿时期经济增长最快、就业增长最多、收入差距缩小得最明显?那时候人们称美国为"单极强权",没有任何国家在经济上、政治上、军事上拥有美国那样的实力。当然我们可以再回过头来讲后来发生了什么。呃,然后我觉得同样地,左翼批评奥巴马有点,呃,温吞,你知道,他接手的是一个濒临萧条的国家,也就是所谓的"大衰退",但实际上已经很接近一场大萧条了,他把国家从那种境地里救了出来,从每月流失80万个工作岗位转变为新增20万个,而且,你知道,他还让美国摆脱了两场战争,呃,显然反恐战争还在继续,但他重新定位了美国在世界上的角色,让它成为一股向善的力量。我学到了,你知道,这不像是一套操作手册。那张"坚毅桌"的抽屉里并没有什么现成的操作手册,而是政策、政治,还有,呃,我想说公关,但应该说是传播三者的融合。
便签引用
02两个超级大国都在输出国内失调
5:03
>> Did Obama export American democracy as a point of primary policy? And did that lead to this world that we find ourselves in today where there's this pullback because a lot of what gets exported >> ends up being kind of one side of the political spectrum, not the other. And now we kind of seeing this what did we do? >> I made this point a long time ago. I said it recently at the Aspen Security Conference. So I'm now writing my next op-ed on this the journal as a prelude of a curtain raiser to the summit uh by Xi and Trump. Mhm. I'm uh I'm going to I'm labeling it the summit of disruption.
>> 奥巴马是不是把输出美国式民主当作首要政策?这是否导致了我们今天所处的这个世界——出现了一种回撤,因为很多被输出的东西 >> 最后变成了政治光谱中的某一边,而不是另一边。现在我们有点在想:我们到底做了什么?>> 我很久以前就提出过这个观点。最近在阿斯彭安全论坛上我又说了一遍。所以我现在正在给《华尔街日报》写下一篇专栏文章,作为习和特朗普峰会的一个预热、一个序幕。嗯。我,呃,我打算把它称为"失序峰会"。颠覆。
便签引用
5:46
Xi is largest export is not autos electronics. It's the domestic dis economic dysfunction of China. They're crushing everybody other countries manufacturing base industrial base across the world. They have more cases WTO cases than any other country and all of them combined are against China. Chile steel plant, Indonesia's garment plant, Brazil's four burn furnaces. We are exporting our domestic political and cultural dysfunction. That is the two superpowers are holding the world hostage. One through economic dysfunction and domestic. I mean Xi refuses to deal with the obviously the real estate bubble popping a consumer that's flat on their back and an industrial uh base that makes no rational sense. And so they're I mean literally their as an example their auto industry is now exporting more cars and their profits are down 20%.
习最大的出口品不是汽车、电子产品,而是中国国内的经济失调。他们在碾压所有人,碾压世界各国的制造业基础、工业基础。他们在WTO被起诉的案件比任何其他国家都多,而且所有其他国家案件加起来都比不上针对中国的。智利的钢厂、印尼的服装厂、巴西的高炉。而我们输出的是国内的政治和文化失调。也就是说,两个超级大国正把世界当人质。一个是通过经济上和国内的失调。我是说,习拒绝正视显而易见的房地产泡沫破裂、消费者一蹶不振,以及一个毫无合理性可言的工业基础。所以他们——我是说,举个例子,他们的汽车工业现在出口的车更多了,利润却下降了20%。
便签引用
6:42
>> Right? >> We I mean by uh through Trump you can look at what he's doing in Brazil 9 days before the German election meeting with the neo-Nazi party the AFD there was race tensions uh in Great Britain. We seem to we want to exacerbate them. We are literally exporting both political and cultural dysfunction at our home onto the world. Uh now I happen to think this president stylistically likes to punch down and kiss up to Putin and Xi, but that's a stylistic point. But that's what the two superpowers, they don't seem to have managed their internal and now they're exporting it on the rest of the world as a a dumping ground for their domestic problems. I happen to think coming back from Japan etc. that rather than have tariffs we should have an economic block so all of us together can withstand China to actually organize not only that economic block but then kind of other pe uh meet them in the marketplace. That's how we you know win friends and influence enemies.
>> 对吧?>> 而我们,我是说,通过特朗普,你可以看看他在巴西干了什么,在德国大选前9天会见新纳粹政党德国选择党(AfD),英国有种族紧张局势,呃,我们似乎还想火上浇油。我们实实在在地把国内的政治和文化失调输出到全世界。呃,我个人认为这位总统在风格上喜欢欺软怕硬,对普京和习则是拍马屁,不过那只是风格问题。但这就是两个超级大国的现状,他们似乎都没能管好自己的内部问题,现在却把问题输出到世界其他地方,把别人当成自己国内问题的垃圾场。我个人认为,从日本回来之后,等等,我们不应该搞关税,而应该建立一个经济集团,这样我们所有人联合起来才能抗衡中国,不仅要真正组织起这个经济集团,还要,呃,在市场上跟他们正面相遇。这才是我们赢得朋友、影响对手的方式。
便签引用
7:45
>> Yeah. Is that a different view than the Obama era notion that we should be exporting American culture, American democracy, I think was the framing. And that then opened the floodgates to exporting our culture wars. And then our culture wars became this kind of battleground where there's like transgender theater in Africa and like things, right? All of this stuff. >> No, I don't think that's what opened the door. Uh, look, David, I think the United States of America, like every country, has four tools in their national security toolbox.
>> 是啊。这和奥巴马时代那种观念不一样吗?那时候我们认为应该输出美国文化、美国民主,我觉得当时是这么说的。而那就打开了输出我们文化战争的闸门。然后我们的文化战争就变成了一种战场,比如在非洲搞跨性别戏剧之类的事情,对吧?所有这些东西。>> 不,我不认为那是打开这扇门的原因。呃,你看,David,我觉得美利坚合众国跟每个国家一样,国家安全工具箱里有四样工具。
便签引用
8:25
One is military power, second is political persuasion, third is economic statecraftraft, and fourth is cultural attraction. And you're saying that, I mean, I think America's culture large, not just Hollywood. Um, the American brand is a cultural attraction or was. I actually think this president has hurt the American brand, our economic state craft, our market, our technology, our universities and research. Uh, uh, national labs that is a e piece of our economic state craft is a piece of our national security and our ability.
第一是军事力量,第二是政治说服力,第三是经济治国术,第四是文化吸引力。你说的那个,我是说,我觉得美国的文化是广义的,不只是好莱坞。嗯,美国这个品牌就是一种文化吸引力,或者说曾经是。我其实认为这位总统损害了美国这个品牌、我们的经济治国术、我们的市场、我们的技术、我们的大学和科研。呃,呃,国家实验室,这些是我们经济治国术的一部分,是我们国家安全和国家能力的一部分。
便签引用
9:08
You know, there was a great story the other day by David Graham, but gentlemen, only the United States could get Russia and Ukraine around the table. There is no other world power. Our political persuasion could to do that is an asset in our national security toolbox. If you wanted to do the reason I laid out in my speech in the Middle East in Israel, the 23 state solution, China, Russia or Europe cannot do that. Only we can do that. Now, we have a massive polit political military power. each uh I happen to think it's not prepared for the future. That's on both parties. I was also present at one at them. I think we got so enamored with the war on terror we lost sight of the trans transformation that was happening on the battlefield and the technologies.
你知道,前几天David Graham写过一篇很棒的文章,但是各位,只有美国才能把俄罗斯和乌克兰拉到谈判桌前。没有别的世界大国能做到。我们的政治说服力能做到这一点,这是我们国家安全工具箱里的一项资产。如果你想做成我在中东、在以色列的演讲中提出的那个"23国方案",中国、俄罗斯或欧洲都做不到。只有我们能做到。现在,我们拥有庞大的政治军事力量。每一项,呃,我个人认为它并没有为未来做好准备。这两党都有责任。当时我也在场,我也是其中一员。我认为我们太沉迷于反恐战争,以至于忽视了战场上正在发生的转型和技术变革。
便签引用
9:51
You can see that in the drone area as an example. Neither Iran or Ukraine have a navy and they both control waterways near their fronts. Tells you everything you need to know that you're not fighting two wars, you're fighting two different types of wars and we got to get ready for that. So to me, this also is a slightly sickness of all you guys in media, which is where do we point the blame? I don't think Obama representing our cultural attractions around the globe. I do think America being popular around the globe is a political asset that then you use. Now that America's brand under Trump is in the toilet, that actually hurts America and its political power, its economic state crap, and its military capabilities.
你可以从无人机领域看到这一点,举个例子,伊朗和乌克兰都没有海军,但两者都控制着各自前线附近的水道。这就足以说明问题:你打的不是两场战争,而是两种完全不同类型的战争,我们必须为此做好准备。所以对我来说,这也是你们媒体人的一种小毛病,就是总想找谁来背锅。我不认为奥巴马在全球代表我们的文化吸引力有什么问题。我确实认为美国在全球受欢迎是一种政治资产,然后你可以加以利用。现在美国的品牌在特朗普手里跌进了粪坑,这实实在在地伤害了美国及其政治影响力、经济治国术和军事能力。
便签引用
10:34
Simple. So I don't kind of say, you know, I don't think that we were exporting those cultural things and therefore that's where this problem came. I don't that's not how I see the point of origin or what has happened here. >> Fair enough. Can I just ask one thing on China? So China's been historically >> It's your podcast. You can ask whatever you want. It's whether I It's what it's whether I answer it. >> Well, I'm just here for Jason at his pleasure. But um [laughter] like so >> you're doing fine, sweetie. Keep >> that that's true for both of us.
就这么简单。所以我不会说,你知道,我不认为是我们输出了那些文化上的东西,所以才有了今天这个问题。我不认为这是问题的起点,也不是我对发生的事情的看法。>> 有道理。关于中国我能再问一个问题吗?中国历来 >> 这是你的播客,你想问什么就问什么。关键在于我——关键在于我答不答。>> 呃,我只是承蒙Jason的好意才在这儿的。不过嗯 [笑声] 就是说 >> 你表现得挺好,亲爱的,继续>> 这话对我们俩都适用。
便签引用
03中国的能源制造优势与对华经济集团
11:05
>> Okay. Well, thanks. Um Jason's going to have me back. Okay. So, as as I look at China, historically, it's been about this manufacturing base, this energy production capacity, right? I often reference they're on their way to 8 terowatt of electricity production. We're kind of sitting around one, hovering around one, finding it very hard to get to two by 2040. So, China's got this massive amount of of energy that they can use to power electrified things. They've got 20 times the manufacturing square footage as the US, and much of it is automated. But now with AI and open sourcing AI, not only is China kind of dampening the capacity to compete in manufacturing, making molecules, making pharmaceuticals, making materials, now we're seeing them effectively eliminate the capacity to compete in knowledge, services, and IP.
>> 好吧。那谢谢了。嗯,Jason还会再请我来的。好,那么,在我看来,中国历来靠的是这个制造业基础、这个能源生产能力,对吧?我常提到,他们正在迈向8太瓦的发电量。而我们大概只有1太瓦左右,在1太瓦上下徘徊,而且发现到2040年要达到2太瓦都非常困难。所以中国拥有这么庞大的能源可以用来驱动各种电气化设备。他们的制造业厂房面积是美国的20倍,而且其中很大一部分是自动化的。但现在有了AI,还有AI开源,中国不仅在削弱我们在制造业上竞争的能力——生产分子、生产药品、生产材料——现在我们看到他们实际上正在消灭我们在知识、服务和知识产权方面的竞争能力。
便签引用
11:56
And this has really been the heart of the US economy, at least for the last 30 years, probably going back even further. But as we shifted to a more kind of global trade oriented economy and we allowed manufacturing to move to China and elsewhere, we focused on this kind of knowledge and services base. Do you think that we have a response against China today with how we're positioned economically and what's going on with AI? And this is the thing I worry a lot about in this China US conflict is we're all still still looking at the last 30 years as opposed to thinking about what the next 20 years look like in a world of kind of AI commoditization of all the things that American economy has been powered by. one uh so let's step back the way I see it is we got ci comes to power and we buy into this win-win stuff that he's selling and it was never a win-win China wants everybody dependent on China and them independent of you that is their theory of the case. You our markets are going to be so big and
而这恰恰是美国经济的核心,至少过去30年是这样,可能还要往前追溯更久。但随着我们转向一种更全球贸易导向的经济,让制造业转移到中国和其他地方,我们就聚焦在这种知识和服务的基础上。你认为以我们今天的经济定位,以及AI领域正在发生的事情,我们还有办法应对中国吗?这也是我在中美冲突中很担心的一点,就是我们所有人还在盯着过去30年看,而不是去思考未来20年会是什么样——在一个AI把美国经济所依赖的一切都商品化的世界里。 第一,呃,我们往回退一步,我的看法是:习上台了,我们相信了他推销的那套"双赢"说辞,而那从来就不是什么双赢。中国想让所有人依赖中国,而中国不依赖你,这才是他们的核心逻辑。你——我们的市场会变得如此庞大、如此重要,你对此无能为力。
便签引用
13:06
important you can't do anything about it. You're going to be dependent your economy on our markets. We're going to leverage that to then destroy, manipulate, and control your sovereignty. And we'll be independent of you. We don't need your market. And we'll have multiple. If you give us barley, we're going to have five other people give up. Look at the soybeans case. The United States, we'll cut off your soybeans. We got Brazil and Argentina soybeans. So they have duplicity in the system. So they have maximum latitude with minimum for us or anybody else. Second, I take a lesson out of uh co and I think this is illustrative of their plan and how we have to get smart.
你的经济会依赖我们的市场。我们会利用这一点去摧毁、操纵和控制你的主权。而我们不依赖你。我们不需要你的市场。我们有很多替代选择。如果你给我们大麦,我们会让另外五家来供货。看看大豆那件事。美国说,我们要断你的大豆。他们说我们有巴西和阿根廷的大豆。所以他们在体系里搞了双重后备。这样他们就有最大的回旋余地,而留给我们或其他任何人的余地最小。第二,我从新冠疫情里吸取了一个教训,我觉得这很能说明他们的计划,也说明我们必须变聪明。
便签引用
13:49
We have to learn from our mistakes. You can't ignore them. You should look and I'm going to get back to your software piece. But in co gene notices in operation of warp speed that within 12 months 14 whatever United States develops a vaccine that has a 90 plus% efficacy. China takes 18 19 months and their efficacy is in the 60%. And we know for a fact that a lot of Chinese leaders were not taking the Chinese vaccine but they were end up taking quietly fizer madna etc. And they couldn't export this vaccine. Nobody in the third world want that's a huge opportunity for America. We squander it on the political side the economic side the cultural side winning quote unquote the global side.
我们必须从错误中学习,不能视而不见。你应该看看——我待会儿会回到你说的软件那部分。但在新冠期间,习注意到,在"曲速行动"中,美国在12个月内,14个月,不管多少,研制出了有效率超过90%的疫苗。中国需要18到19个月,而且他们的有效率只有60%左右。中国花了18、19个月,有效率只有60%多。而且我们确切知道,很多中国领导人并没有打中国疫苗,他们最后悄悄打了辉瑞、莫德纳之类的。而且他们没法出口这种疫苗。第三世界没人想要——这对美国来说是个巨大的机会。我们却白白浪费了,
便签引用
14:43
Second, Xi makes a decision that will never happen again. Massively invests in the life sciences and within 5 years, China is not just nipping at our heels. The Perry pursuit with the United States in life sciences, a place that the United States outside of one or two examples in Europe dominated. Now again, I'm going to take a shot at Trump. Every budget he's proposed a 40% cut in NIH. Every budget. and the Republicans face off and allow 15%. You're not going to cut NIH in your way to American leadership.
在政治层面、经济层面、文化层面,在所谓赢得全球这件事上都浪费了。第二,习做了一个不会再重演的决定:大规模投资生命科学,五年之内,中国就不只是在紧追我们了。在生命科学领域与美国齐头并进地竞逐——而这个领域除了欧洲一两个例子之外,一直是美国主导的。现在我又要批评特朗普了。他提的每一份预算案都要把NIH(美国国立卫生研究院)砍掉40%。
便签引用
15:18
There's a pancreatic drug on the market. It came from NIH funding and it's actually now looking like it will actually address three or four other cancers. The NIH, the National Science Foundation, the DARPA are and America's national labs and our national universities are our crown jewel. And what are we doing? We have an administration declaring war and actually involved in unilateral disarmament. Now software and manufacturing we are dominant in software and in those tech spaces. It doesn't we shouldn't think it's either software or manufacturing.
每一份预算案。共和党人对峙一番,最后放行15%的削减。你靠削减NIH是走不向美国领导地位的。市面上有一种治胰腺癌的药,它来自NIH的资助,而且现在看起来它还能应对另外三四种癌症。NIH、国家科学基金会、DARPA,还有美国的国家实验室和我们的国立大学,是我们的王冠明珠。可我们在干什么?我们有一届政府在向它们宣战,实际上是在搞单方面裁军。现在说软件和制造业——我们在软件以及那些科技领域占主导地位。这不应该被看成
便签引用
15:55
It's both. We allowed one to atrophy everybody. We allowed a commercialization of our national security. The business round table, the chamber of commerce way over influenced our national security visa v China when we saw industry by industry, supply chain by supply chain move offshore and America economy kept getting vulnerable and that's on everybody everybody. And the other piece of it is so what we need to do what's the next 20 years one aggregate Australia, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, EU, friends in Latin America and get more friends. Don't declare war on Brazil. It's a big economy in the region. Make it an economic block because standing together makes China isolated. Isolate the isolator. then use that time of a block not our unilateral actions but in an economic block where we're the dominant player to organize our research and our capacity to then build up now example using the defense industry United States again flatfooted but don't underestimate the United States new technology
要么软件、要么制造业的选择题。是两者都要。我们所有人都任由其中一个萎缩了。我们让国家安全被商业化了。商业圆桌会议、美国商会在对华问题上对我们的国家安全影响过大,当时我们眼看着一个又一个行业、一条又一条供应链转移到海外,美国经济越来越脆弱,这是所有人的责任,所有人。另外一点是,那我们该怎么做?未来20年该怎么办?第一,把澳大利亚、日本、韩国、台湾、欧盟、拉美的朋友聚合起来,再争取更多朋友。别对巴西宣战,它在那个地区是个大经济体。把它变成一个经济集团,因为站在一起才能孤立中国。孤立那个搞孤立的人。然后利用这个集团争取来的时间——不是靠我们的单边行动,而是在一个我们占主导地位的经济集团里——来组织
便签引用
17:12
entrepreneurs venture capital, the DARPA research arm and the United States ability to deploy. You give us 5 years and our capacity of that incredible system will produce as long as we don't light let Rathon General Dynamics to kill it and the Pentagon to nurture it. But we have to use the time of an economic block to stand up what we have allowed to atrophy and then to organize that block to confront China and then China and North Korea and Iran and Russia. We isolate them. And right now I got to be honest, the president has isolated America at America's vulnerability. So that's how I look at the next 20.
我们的科研和产能,然后建立起来。举个例子,用国防工业来说,美国又一次措手不及,但别通用动力公司想扼杀它,五角大楼想培育它。但我们必须利用经济集团的这段时间,把我们任由其衰败的能力重新建立起来,然后组织这个集团去对抗中国,还有中国和朝鲜、伊朗、俄罗斯。我们要孤立他们。而现在我必须说实话,总统在美国最脆弱的时候把美国给孤立了。这就是我对未来20年的看法。
便签引用
04中东三股趋势与伊朗代理人崩解
17:58
>> Yeah. And where do the Middle East nations fit into that equation? Are they part of the block? And >> Sure, David. I would say this. There's three trends going on in the Middle East. Step back from the news of the straight of Hammoose. There's three or four trends that we then aggregate. And one of the reasons I laid out what I laid out in Israel is a way that would isolate Iran. It would be a good day for Israel security, a good day for America's leadership, and a good day for American allies in the Middle East. The UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait are staying with kind of the United States.
>> 是啊。那中东国家在这个格局里处于什么位置?他们算是这个集团的一部分吗?>> 当然,大卫。我是这么看的。中东现在有三股趋势。先别管霍尔木兹海峡的那些新闻。有三到四股趋势,我们把它们汇总起来看。我之所以在以色列问题上提出那样一套方案,是因为那是一条能孤立伊朗的路径。那对以色列的安全是好事,对美国的领导地位是好事,对美国在中东的盟友也是好事。阿联酋、巴林、科威特基本上是站在美国这边的。
便签引用
18:39
Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan in that first list. Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey, and Qatar look like they're hedging. They know they're reliant on America, but they're not going to be so dependent that they're vulnerable because of the lack of the leadership in two wars, Iran and Iraq. That's one trend. And one of the reasons I mentioned the the speech, the India, Middle East, Europe economic corridor, it keeps everybody coming closer to the United States economically and also politically on the 23 states.
沙特、埃及、约旦属于第一类。沙特、埃及、巴基斯坦、土耳其和卡塔尔看起来在两边下注。他们知道自己依赖美国,但又不会依赖到让自己变得脆弱的程度,因为美国在伊朗和伊拉克这两场战争中缺乏领导力。这是第一股趋势。我之所以提到那次演讲,提到印度—中东—欧洲经济走廊,是因为它能让所有人在经济上更靠近美国,在政治上也让那23个国家更靠近美国。
便签引用
19:16
Second, Iran invested 40 years and 40 billion plus in the what Israel described as the octopus, the proxies. [snorts] Hamas is degraded to defeat. I thought there was a very good article in the foreign affairs on this point. Hezbollah is cornered. Damascus and Syria has been lost. And the Iraqi president seems to be making pretty good headway, not all the way there, on dealing with the militia. That strategy of the proxies is so different. And an example of that, you have the Lebanese government working with Israel on cornering Hezbollah and degrading it. Syria, a non-Assad president, is now talking to Israel about a security agreement. That would mean Jordan peace, Egypt peace, Syria security agreement. The three forces on the six- day war all came to some resolution with Israel. as a fact massively different strategically different and Syria will be the outlaw of a pipeline from Basera to their port for energy around the straight of Hermoose these are big opportunities so when I say and then you obviously know
第二,伊朗投入了40年时间、400多亿美元,打造了以色列所说的"章鱼"——那些代理人武装。哈马斯已经被削弱到接近被击败。我觉得《外交事务》上有一篇讨论这一点的文章写得非常好。真主党被逼到了墙角。大马士革和叙利亚已经丢了。伊拉克总统在处理民兵问题上似乎取得了相当不错的进展,虽然还没有完全做到。处理民兵的事。代理人那套战略已经完全不一样了。举个例子,黎巴嫩政府正在和以色列合作,围堵真主党、削弱真主党。叙利亚——一位非阿萨德的总统——现在正在和以色列谈安全协议。那就意味着约旦有和平协议、埃及有和平协议、叙利亚有安全协议。六日战争中的三个对手都和以色列达成了某种了结。这个事实意义重大,在战略上完全不同。而且叙利亚将成为一条从巴士拉通往其港口的输油管道的出口,把能源绕开霍尔木兹海峡运出去。这些都是巨大的机遇。所以当我说——你们显然也了解
便签引用
05台海三情景、南海先手与日本支柱
20:30
about semiconductor chips other pieces of the economic piece but yes ma major players in the Gulf would be part of that economic block >> let's um before we leave China talk a little bit about Taiwan obviously Trump administration's been talking about, hey, in 2027 or 2029, China plans on invading Taiwan, seizing the FABS, etc. You worked under multiple administrations where strategic ambiguity was uh the process for >> Yeah. And uh hey, we we support Taiwan and China and just keep it super ambiguous. The next president is probably going to have to deal with >> Actually, let me say this. We keep the politics ambiguous, but as it relates to using kinetic force to change the status quo, we're not ambiguous.
半导体芯片之类经济层面的其他部分——但没错,海湾地区的主要玩家会是这个经济集团的一部分。>> 嗯,在我们离开中国话题之前,稍微聊聊台湾吧。显然特朗普政府一直在说,嘿,2027年或2029年,中国打算入侵台湾、夺取那些晶圆厂,等等。你在多届政府里都任过职,那时候战略模糊是既定做法——>> 是啊,就是"嘿,我们既支持台湾也支持中国",把话说得极其模糊。下一任总统很可能得处理——>> 其实,我得这么说。我们保持政治上的模糊,但在动用武力改变现状这件事上,我们一点都不模糊。
便签引用
21:17
>> Yeah. Unpack it. >> There's Well, there's two different parts to the Taiwan one, China policy. That's a political statement. And then nobody changes the status quo through the use of force. Those are two things. >> Yeah. And is if uh >> to prove that some just to prove that somebody knows something about the Taiwan act as well as policy. Yeah. Is your thinking Taiwan will uh at some point block and do a blockade? And how would the next president or how should the next president deal with that circumstance? Should we be airlifting, you know, all the equipment [laughter] and people out of Taiwan or should we be engaging in a blockade? This is, I think, the escalation that maybe isn't getting enough attention. And then we'll go back to the Iran war. All right.
>> 嗯,展开讲讲。>> 台湾/一个中国政策其实有两个不同的部分。那是一个政治表态。另一个是:任何人都不得通过使用武力改变现状。这是两码事。>> 是啊。那如果——>> 也算是证明一下某人对《台湾关系法》和相关政策还是懂一点的。是啊。你是不是认为台湾问题在某个时点会演变成封锁?下一任总统该怎么、或者说应该怎么应对那种局面?我们是该空运撤离——你知道的,把所有装备和人都从台湾撤出来——还是该参与反封锁行动?我觉得这可能是升级路径中没有得到足够关注的一环。然后我们再回到伊朗战争的话题。好的。
便签引用
22:03
Well, Jason, let let me start here, which is the consequence of the Iran war. China's watching the United States bog down in the straight of Hermuz resources allocated their confrontation with Philippines has picked up dramatically. Their economic, military, and political isolation in Japan much more aggressive. They're doing things around the Saku Islands that are much more aggressive. They fired a live missile from a submarine in and around Australia. and all our allies in the region. Those are just some of I could go on to Vietnam what they've done and other things in the in the Philippines being the most dramatic in this South China Sea.
那么,杰森,我从这里说起:伊朗战争带来的后果。中国正看着美国在霍尔木兹海峡陷入泥潭、资源被调过去,它跟菲律宾的对抗已经急剧升级。它对日本的经济、军事和政治围堵也更加强硬了。他们在尖阁诸岛周边的动作要强硬得多。他们从潜艇上实弹发射导弹,位置就在澳大利亚附近。这涉及我们在该地区的所有盟友。这些只是其中一部分,我还可以说到他们在越南以及其他地方的动作,其中在南海对菲律宾的动作最为激烈。
便签引用
22:46
All they now China is sending a message to all our allies Korea, Japan, India, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Philippines and Vietnam even are the look your protector no more I and the damage by this administration moving not only resources there attention political the one thing I know you guys didn't ask but it's not that you didn't ask but when there's a for the White House becomes a one ball juggler. Okay, this White House is consumed with what's going on and they have lost focus on the Indo Pacific and it's quite evident China has picked up their aggression. Our long pole in the Indoacific is Japan. They are under economic pressure, political pressure, military. Yes, we have just come to the benefit of the yen, but we haven't done and done anything in and around the Saku Islands.
现在中国是在向我们所有盟友传递一个信号——韩国、日本、印度、澳大利亚、新西兰、新加坡、菲律宾,甚至越南——看吧,你们的保护者不行了。而本届政府造成的损害不只是把资源调走,还有注意力、政治层面。有一件事我知道你们没问,但不是说你们没问的问题不重要——而是当出现这种情况时,白宫就变成了只能转一个球的杂耍者。好吧,这届白宫被眼前的事情耗尽了精力,他们对印太地区已经失去了关注,这一点非常明显,中国已经加大了侵略性动作。我们在印太的支柱是日本。他们正承受着经济压力、政治压力、军事压力。是的,我们刚刚在日元问题上获得了一些好处,但我们在尖阁诸岛周边什么都没做。
便签引用
23:45
We haven't done anything as it relates to the economic coercion China's involved in >> or the political China. So, hold on. >> So, you say 2027. I'm like I'm looking at today and say you don't get you don't get to wait. It's happening now. And second is I happen to think the South China Sea, everybody talks about the Taiwan, and I'll get to that. I think when you look at the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, and you look at China's behavior and the islands they're creating again, uh, out of the shaw, out of, you know, scar bro, etc. They aren't waiting to try to say that the South China Sea, in which they lost the court case in 2016, is their backwater. And Philippines is not Taiwan. It's a country. It's a treaty ally. And it won a 2016 case. And if we don't stand up there, I don't before you get to Taiwan.
在中国搞的经济胁迫方面,我们也什么都没做。>> 政治胁迫也是。所以,等一下。>> 所以你说2027年。我是看着今天的情况说:你没有时间等了。事情现在就在发生。第二,我恰恰认为南海——大家都在谈台湾,我等下会讲到——我觉得当你看菲律宾、越南、马来西亚,再看中国的行为和他们在造的那些岛,比如南沙,比如你知道的,黄岩岛等等。他们并没有在等,他们是要宣称南海——他们在2016年那场仲裁案中输掉的地方——是他们的内水。而菲律宾不是台湾,它是一个国家,是条约盟友,而且打赢了2016年那场官司。如果我们在那里不站出来,我看——这还没轮到台湾呢。
便签引用
24:38
>> So it sounds like you or think we should be projecting some force there or putting some troops there or some ships there with our allies and we have to rebuild those bridges. >> We already have we already have troops there and we already have resources. We need to double them up and give Philippines the confidence especially given that President Marcos is taking massive risks. Second, in Taiwan, there are three strategies. One idea is a quarantine, two is invasion, and three, off of the ch mainland China's coast are three islands associated with Taiwan.
>> 所以听起来你认为我们应该在那里投射一些力量,或者部署一些部队、一些军舰,和我们的盟友一起,而且我们得重新修复那些关系。>> 我们已经、我们已经在那里有驻军了,也已经有资源了。我们需要把力度翻一倍,给菲律宾信心,尤其考虑到马科斯总统正在冒巨大的风险。第二,在台湾方面,有三种战略。一种思路是隔离封锁,二是入侵,三是在中国大陆沿岸有三个隶属于台湾的岛屿。
便签引用
25:17
They got a rock, a butterfly, and a tree, and a fisherman. That's it. Now, there's three strategies. One is the economic quarantine that just suffocates Taiwan. One is an invasion that tries to end this in 96 hours. And the other one is they take over those three islands and look at the world and say, "You're going to start a war over this." And they do their incremental strategy. And if you look at China and their history, they have done all three of those historically with different countries. We have to be prepared for all three. one, they want a 96-hour, not a Ukraine example. We have to say no, there's going to be 96 days and have the resources, the capacity to say this isn't going to be one and done quick. Two, as it relates to quarantine, we have to be able to show both through our resources, which is why the Philippines and the Okanana Islands a quarantine can't work both air, naval, otherwise you can't pull it off.
上面就一块礁石、一只蝴蝶、一棵树、一个渔民。就这样。所以有三种战略。一是经济隔离封锁,直接把台湾窒息掉。二是入侵,试图在96小时内结束战斗。三是他们拿下那三个小岛,然后看着全世界说:"你们要为这个开战吗?"他们走的是渐进式战略。如果你看中国和他们的历史,这三种做法他们历史上对不同国家都用过。我们必须对这三种都有准备。第一,他们想要96小时解决,而不是乌克兰那种样本。我们必须让他们知道,那会变成96天,并且要有资源、有能力表明这不会是一锤子买卖、速战速决。第二,关于隔离封锁,我们必须能够通过我们的资源展示出来——这就是为什么菲律宾和冲绳的岛屿很重要——封锁在空中和海上都行不通,否则你根本做不成。
便签引用
26:16
And then third is the little islands off of Japan, off of China. How we have to project where before etc. Because remember there's a security piece and there's a deterrence piece and we need to be our deterrence piece is very weakened right now. >> I want to get your opinion also on Japan remilitarizing since you spent some time there and their role in this because that seems to be an ally that's critically important as well as South Korea. So let's go to Iran right after we sort of sum up what's happening with those two allies in in your estimation how we should be courting them.
第三是日本外海、中国外海的那些小岛。我们必须提前投射力量等等。因为记住,这里有安全的一面,也有威慑的一面,而我们的威慑这一面现在非常薄弱。>> 我也想听听你对日本重新武装的看法,因为你在那边待过一段时间,还有日本在这里面扮演的角色,因为那似乎是一个极其重要的盟友,韩国也是。我们先把这两个盟友的情况梳理完,按你的判断我们该如何去争取他们,然后马上转到伊朗。
便签引用
26:49
Obviously we just backs stop the yen uh and we have a pretty solid relationship with Japan. >> Look Japan is the long pole of America's Indopacific policy. You look at the quad India Australia Japan the United States. You look at the trilateral the two of them that I worked on between Korea Japan and the United States. United States, Japan and the Philippines. The one constant is Japan. With the United States, [snorts] our Okinawa, our largest military footprint in the world in a single country is in Japan. Europe, the biggest by continent, but it's the only place in the world there is a aircraft carrier permanently based. So militarily there, last five years in a row, number one direct foreign investor, United States, Japan. last five years in a row number one direct in foreign investor in the Japan the United States.
显然我们刚刚为日元托了底,而且我们和日本的关系相当稳固。>> 你看,日本是美国印太政策的支柱。你看四方安全对话——印度、澳大利亚、日本、美国。你看三边机制,其中两个是我参与推动的:韩国、日本和美国;美国、日本和菲律宾。唯一不变的就是日本。和美国一起——我们在冲绳,我们在单一国家的最大海外军事存在就在日本。欧洲是按大洲算最大的,但日本是全世界唯一一个有航母常驻的地方。所以军事上就在那里。过去连续五年,日本是美国最大的外国直接投资来源国;过去连续五年,美国也是日本最大的外国直接投资来源国。
便签引用
27:42
So from economic term you know I could soft power or what's called the cultural attraction you can look at what Japan's done on baseball in the United States between the two countries sharing a cultural attraction. So I'll just go through it and Japan now because the prime minister had the audacity to say publicly which we have tried for 30 years to get a Japanese prime minister to say publicly that a move on Taiwan would be a national security threat. She says it, China goes crazy because she said it publicly what she never wanted it announced for domestic reasons. They're now under economic coercion, political coercion, and military intimidation. You have to get there to be uh and it's not just and I'm not I'm happy the administration's decided to support the yen and intervention. I think there's a lot of self-interest as it relates to our treasuries and our dollars and the pressure on our treasuries right now because of the amount of debt we have.
所以从经济角度讲——你知道,软实力或者所谓的文化吸引力——你可以看看日本在美国棒球界的表现,两国之间共享一种文化吸引力。所以我把这些都过一遍。而日本现在,因为首相有胆量公开说出——我们努力了30年想让某位日本首相公开说出——对台湾动武将构成国家安全威胁。她说了,中国就炸了,因为她是公开说的,而这是她出于国内原因本来不想公开宣布的。他们现在正面临经济胁迫、政治胁迫和军事恫吓。你必须到位。而且这不只是——我不是说,我很高兴本届政府决定支持日元并进行干预。我认为这里面有很多自身利益考量,涉及我们的国债和美元,以及我们的国债现在因为债务规模而承受的压力。
便签引用
06欧洲衰败之争:默克尔算左派吗
28:37
But we have to do more from a military training from uh when Russia and China are doing exercises around the Saku Islands that we're just not present for. >> Can we go over to Europe for a minute before we talk about >> this? This is your show. Do whatever you want. >> Domestic issues. I do want to talk about domestic issues, particularly the economy and government spending's interaction with the economy. But before we do, there's an argument that Europe is in this kind of state of irreversible decay. And many have indicated points that I think are counter to your kind of characterization of the AFD party and Germany being a neo-Nazi party that that party is really a response to an open border policy in Europe, an open immigration policy that many would say has really drained resources, has diluted culture. Right.
但我们必须做得更多,从军事训练的角度——当俄罗斯和中国在尖阁诸岛周边搞演习时,我们却根本不在场。>> 在我们聊这个之前,能不能先转到欧洲?>> 这是你的节目,你想怎么来都行。>> 国内议题。我确实想聊国内议题,特别是经济,以及政府支出和经济的相互作用。但在那之前,有一种观点认为欧洲正处于一种不可逆转的衰败状态。很多人提出的观点,我觉得跟你把德国选择党(AfD)说成是新纳粹政党的那种定性是相反的——那个党其实是对欧洲开放边境政策、开放移民政策的一种回应,很多人会说这些政策确实耗尽了资源、稀释了文化。对吧。
便签引用
29:31
>> David, for let me say one thing. >> Yeah, please. >> The German intelligence agency has the AfD under watch. forget whether I characterize it as a neo-Nazi. You don't want to buy it. >> Well, the US intelligence also had Donald Trump under watch, right? So, I mean, like a lot of ways a lot of ways we could paint that, but yeah. >> Yeah. Yeah. A lot of ways. >> Yeah. But I'm not but I'm not I'm not I'm not trying to be supportive of the party. I'm trying to indicate that there's a reaction to something going on in Europe.
>> 大卫,我说一件事。>> 好,请讲。>> 德国情报机构已经把AfD列为监控对象了。先别管我是不是把它定性成新纳粹。你可以不接受这个说法。>> 可美国情报部门也曾监控唐纳德·特朗普,对吧?所以,我是说,这事儿可以有很多种讲法,不过是啊。>> 是啊,是啊。确实有很多种讲法。>> 是啊。但我不是——我不是在给那个党说好话。我是想指出欧洲正在发生的某些事情引发了一种反弹。
便签引用
29:57
>> And I Yeah, >> that there's no doubt about both on the cultural side and economic side. There's a reaction in Europe like there is here in the United States. And so what's your view on where Europe is, how immigration played a role, and where things are going in Europe? >> Look, I think immigration played a role in the same way that I think economic stagnation played a role. Um, and I think that uh, and this is also somewhat as we get as we transition closer to home before we keep pushing Iran off and we'll do that.
>> 我——是啊,>> 这一点毫无疑问,文化层面和经济层面都是。欧洲有一种反弹,就像美国这边一样。那么你怎么看欧洲现在的处境、移民在其中起了什么作用,以及欧洲接下来会往哪里走?>> 你看,我认为移民起了作用,就像我认为经济停滞也起了作用一样。嗯,我觉得——而且这也多少是我们往国内话题过渡的时候了,别再把伊朗往后推了,我们会讲的。
便签引用
30:29
Look, you look at what has happened to incomes where here in this country, we have a greater share now of Americans living paycheck to paycheck. That has >> almost 2/3 I think it's 63% of Americans are >> and so that has changed our politics and it's changed our cultural landscape. So do I think immigration plays a role? 100% it does play a role. I also think stagnating incomes when there's greater concentration not just of wealth but greater concentration where the political system is skewed towards that wealth all of that gets mixed into the stew.
你看,看看收入发生了什么变化,在这个国家,现在有更大比例的美国人过着月光族的生活。那个比例——我记得差不多三分之二,63%的美国人——所以这改变了我们的政治,也改变了我们的文化图景。所以我认为移民有影响吗?百分之百有影响。但我也认为,收入停滞,加上财富越来越集中,而且不只是财富集中,政治体制本身也向那些财富倾斜,所有这些东西都被搅进了同一锅汤里。
便签引用
31:09
There isn't a separate soup dish for immigration separate from the dish on you know incomes economic growth GDP etc. I mean Europe. Here's my thing. I think um the former Italian prime minister Daggy wrote a good plan for the EU. It is in our interest for a strong robust European based economies to be technologically and otherwise contributors to the to Western uh system. If I'm right about a block, you don't want hangarons. You want people that are actually rowing. And so I happen to believe Europe is important for America's security, important for our economic prosperity most importantly. And we want them to be competitive. I do think they have participated in their own kind of suffocation. Just on this point, Ron, because this idea that Europe is committing suicide, has kind of taken form in the political narrative that's being told.
并不存在一碗单独讲移民的汤,跟讲收入、经济增长、GDP这些的那碗分开。我是说欧洲。我的看法是这样。我觉得,呃,意大利前总理德拉吉给欧盟写了一份很好的方案。一个强大、有韧性的欧洲经济体,在技术上和其他方面都能为西方体系做出贡献,这符合我们的利益。如果我关于"阵营"的判断没错,你不会想要一群搭便车的人。你想要的是真正在划桨的人。所以我恰恰认为,欧洲对美国的安全很重要,最重要的是,对我们的经济繁荣很重要。我们希望他们有竞争力。我确实觉得他们也参与了某种程度的自我窒息。就说这一点,罗恩,因为"欧洲正在自杀"这个说法,已经在被讲述的政治叙事里成形了。
便签引用
32:16
>> Do you disagree with that? >> I think I I think Europe has made policy decisions that are not in the best interest of the citizens of [laughter] Europe. >> Okay. Well, okay. Okay. So, whether I you said that I said should I get it, there's no difference. The answer, the short answer is yes. You agree? >> Well, so so yeah. So let me ask the the policies are arguably leftist policies. They're policies that come from the left. The the energy policy that gutted Germany's nuclear power production and made them dependent on Russian energy was an insane set of policy decisions.
>> 你不同意这个说法吗?>> 我认为,我认为欧洲做出了一些并不符合欧洲公民最佳利益的政策决定。[笑声]欧洲。>> 好吧。行,好。那么,不管是我说的还是你说的,我懂了,没什么区别。答案,简短的答案是:是的。你同意?>> 嗯,是的。那我这么问吧——这些政策可以说是左派政策。这些政策来自左翼。那个掏空了德国核电产能、让他们依赖俄罗斯能源的能源政策,就是一套疯狂的政策决定。
便签引用
32:55
the idea that you will provide public services and public welfare programs while opening the borders to increase the population for nonproductive people to come in and then drain those resources and then you know there's all the cultural delution stuff which I think but the idea that AFD and other parties in Europe are arising out of >> yeah so you're saying open borders Freeberg are a leftist policy for the last 40 years that's been a Republican policy to let as many people into the country as possible labor.
还有那个想法:一边提供公共服务和公共福利项目,一边又打开国门让人口增加,让不事生产的人进来,然后消耗掉这些资源,然后,你知道,还有所有那些文化稀释的事——我觉得,但是德国选择党和欧洲其他政党之所以崛起 >> 对所以你是说开放边境,弗里伯格,是左派政策?过去40年来,共和党的政策一直是尽可能多地让人进入这个国家,充实劳动力。
便签引用
33:25
>> Wait a second. >> Yeah. >> Is the party affiliation of Angela Merkel a mystery to you, David? >> Right. >> Oh, no. Wait a second. You made this broad broad brush attack about the left. Angela Merkel came out of the Christian Democrat, the conservatives. [laughter] >> Right. >> Two, it was her decision to cut the Wait, no, wait a second. You're making a point that is I I apologize. This will be the last time I'm on your show. Historically wrong. >> That's fair enough. >> Okay. Well, you're you're welcome to tell me I'm wrong.
>> 等一下。>> 是啊。>> 安格拉·默克尔的党派归属对你来说是个谜吗,大卫?>> 对。>> 哦,不。等一下。你刚才对左翼做了一个非常笼统的攻击。安格拉·默克尔出身于基督教民主联盟,保守派。[笑声] >> 对。>> 第二,是她决定砍掉——等等,不,等一下。你提的这个观点——我很抱歉,这可能是我最后一次上你的节目了。从历史上看就是错的。>> 这没问题。>> 好吧。你当然可以说我错了。
便签引用
33:55
>> I'm Well, good. Put on your seat belt. I'm enjoying this right now. It's like 30. >> Okay. She She's from the CDU and when the Syrian 1 million people that come out of Syria, >> she says we can handle this. That's a that's from the Christian Democratic Union, the conservative that element Koh's party. Number two, after the nuclear facility in Japan has its meltdown, she shuts down the nuclear facilities and makes Germany much more dependent on Russian energy and we were the ones that warned against it. So don't tell me this is from the left. You're wrong.
>> 我——好,很好。系好安全带吧。我现在挺享受的。这就像30分。>> 好。她,她来自基民盟。当叙利亚战争爆发、100万人从叙利亚涌出来时,>> 她说"我们能应付得了"。这可是来自基督教民主联盟,保守派那一脉,科尔的党。第二,日本的核设施发生熔毁之后,她关停了核设施,让德国更加依赖俄罗斯能源,而当时警告过不要这么做的正是我们。所以别跟我说这是来自左翼的。你错了。
便签引用
34:37
>> There was a lot of anti-uclear rhetoric coming for a long time. Just to be clear, >> that but but who's who's the chancellor that said shut it down? Yeah, that was >> No. Who? >> Merkel. Merkel. Yes. >> What party is she from? >> The Christian Democrat union. >> What what what part of the political landscape, left or center? All right. >> I would Well, nowadays I would say far right, but >> this is this [laughter] is crap. >> How you would probably want to characterize it, but I think the argument >> your basic argument. Let me let me now that I've decided to score my Emanuel points on you, let me back up.
>> 反核的言论已经存在很长时间了。说清楚一点,>> 那——但是,是哪位总理下令关停的?对,那是 >> 不。是谁?>> 默克尔。默克尔。没错。>> 她是哪个党的?>> 基督教民主联盟。>> 在政治光谱上属于哪一块,左翼还是中间?好吧。>> 我会说——嗯,按现在的标准我会说那是极右,但是 >> 这,这就是[笑声]胡扯。>> 你可能想那样去定性,但我觉得那个论点 >> 你的基本论点。让我,让我现在——既然我已经决定要在你身上刷伊曼纽尔式的得分了,那我往回退一步。
便签引用
35:12
>> And immigration and immigration, I think. Yeah. Yeah, she did. She opened the borders when there should have been a more thoughtful pro. Look, the one thing we know, I'm going to speak at home about immigration. Look, people don't like this order. They don't like it on the border and they don't like it on the streets of Minneapolis. And Europe responded to the disorder, whether that's in Stockholm, whether that's in Berlin, that it seemed way out of that. Europe is a very welcoming uh continent, but it looked out totally out of control. as you saw just this weekend visa v Morocco.
>> 还有移民,移民问题,我认为。对。对,她确实是。她在本该有更审慎方案的时��,打开了边境。你看,我们知道的一件事是——我要谈谈国内的移民问题。你看,人们不喜欢这种失序。他们不喜欢边境上的失序,也不喜欢明尼阿波利斯街头的失序。而欧洲是在回应那种失序,不管是在斯德哥尔摩,还是在柏林,那看上去完全失控了。欧洲是一片非常欢迎外来者的大陆,但它看起来完全失控了。就像你这个周末看到的,跟摩洛哥有关的那件事。
便签引用
35:46
Okay, so that's not as bright. But to say that this is leftist is just not accurate. Brussels on the economic front while they were trying to regulate suffocated innovation, entrepreneurship, and competitiveness and they're trying to correct that. out where I find fault with us and the not us being uh through the Trump administration is we are exacerbating their tensions when they're trying to deal with it. Germany today is losing I I read a story and I got to remember the number right. I think it's 5 to 10,000 manufacturing jobs a month to Chinese pressure. That should be an opportunity for us to come in and say let's work together and confront China, not independently but together. We're not doing that. We're exa we're meeting our our vice president nine days before election is meeting with the AFD. When there's race problems in Great Britain, we're exacerbating them. When Maloney is dealing with some stuff domestically, we attack her.
好吧,那个说法不算高明。但要说这是左派造成的,就是不准确。在经济方面,布鲁塞尔在试图加强监管的同时,窒息了创新、创业精神和竞争力,他们现在正试图纠正这一点。而我觉得我们做错的地方——这个"我们"是指特朗普政府——是在他们试图应对问题的时候,我们反而在加剧他们的紧张局势。今天的德国正在流失——我读过一篇报道,我得把数字记对。我记得是每个月因为中国的压力流失5000到1万个制造业岗位。这本应是我们介入的机会,我们可以说:咱们一起合作,共同应对中国,不是各干各的,而是携手。我们没有这么做。我们反而在加剧——我们的副总统在大选前九天去会见德国选择党。英国出现族群问题时,我们在火上浇油。梅洛尼在处理一些国内事务时,我们攻击她。
便签引用
36:44
>> I'm sorry there Rahm. Why Why does Trump do that? >> I look I think this is >> what's the strategy in his part if there is any >> Jason I I have said this before and I'm going to repeat. >> This president punches down and kisses up. He has this fixation about Putin and Xi admiring him as an equal and they think he's a joke. They think he is not their equal. America is their superior but he is not their equal. He then takes a Lula in Brazil Mertz in or a Maloney or a Carney or a Shine Bomb and he punches down because he thinks if you're a middle power I'm going to show how big and bad I am. He is nothing but a bully and nobody's buying it anymore. Everybody is looking at the emperor wearing no clothes >> which I guess would be a great point for us to >> There's no strategy to this. This is all his insecurities.
>> 不好意思,拉姆。特朗普为什么要那么做?>> 我看,我觉得这是 >> 如果他有什么策略的话,他的策略是什么 >> 杰森,我以前说过这话,现在我还要再说一遍。>> 这位总统欺软怕硬。他有一种执念,希望普京和习把他当成平起平坐的人来敬重,而他们觉得他是个笑话。他们认为他不是他们的同级。美国是他们的上级,但他不是他们的同级。然后他就拿巴西的卢拉、德国的默茨,或者梅洛尼、卡尼、辛鲍姆开刀,他欺负他们,因为他觉得,如果你是个中等强国,我就要显示我有多大多狠。他不过就是个霸凌者,而且已经没人买账了。所有人都看到这个皇帝没穿衣服 >> 我想这正好是个很好的切入点,让我们 >> 这里面根本没有策略。这全都是他的不安全感。
便签引用
37:41
>> He's just winging it. Okay. Um, so let's do Iran and then go to the United States. >> I know. I was kind of feeling I was feeling good beating up David there for a second. >> WELL, NO. I MEAN, [laughter] THIS IS WHY WE'RE HERE. I will tell you I will tell you if you showed me if you showed me Angela Merkel's decisions on a blank sheet of paper I would say that's a leftist >> program that's >> so I would say like and I would say across Europe across Europe there there has been almost this like >> I I don't know how to describe and what I'm trying to understand is also the psychology versus the foreign influence on these suicidal policy decisions that seem to be wrapped up in what prescribed leftist notions that end up becoming policy actions at scale and maybe specifically you're talking about immigration. So let's just go right at im >> economic decisions, energy decisions, immigration decisions the core. So let's talk defense decisions.
>> 他就是在临场发挥。好。嗯,那我们先聊伊朗,然后再回到美国。>> 我知道。我刚才感觉还挺爽的,刚痛快地修理了大卫一下。>> 不,我是说,[笑声]这就是我们坐在这儿的原因。我要告诉你——我要告诉你,如果你给我看,如果你给我看一张白纸上写着安格拉·默克尔的那些决定,我会说那是一套左派 >> 方案,那是 >> 所以我想说的是,我会说整个欧洲,整个欧洲,几乎都存在一种像是 >> 我,我不知道该怎么描述。我想搞明白的是,这些自杀式的政策决定背后,到底是心理因素还是外部影响。它们似乎都被包裹在某种被规定好的左派观念里,最后大规模变成了政策行动。也许你specifically说的是移民。那我们就直接从移 >> 经济决策、能源决策、移民决策,这是核心。那我们来谈国防决策。
便签引用
07移民:尊严法案与加拿大丹麦模式
38:37
>> Okay, Rom, let's just tackle one thing at a time. Immigration is a critically important one. I think we've gone from too hot, too cold. Uh Americans didn't like an open border, as you pointed out, chaos. They also hate the chaos just according to surveys that ICE dragging people, you know, out of their homes and taking people who are picking strawberries and, you know, just basically beating the out of Americans. Uh, and in some cases these, I guess we've had four deaths and they'll be adjudicated over time. But I want to know what your solution is to immigration. We had President Trump on this podcast. He promised we'd put a green card on every diploma of every immigrant coming here and then they reigged on that and they've been trying to uh essentially kick out some of these best and brightest we brought here which has a negative impact on our ability to build great companies in Silicon Valley etc. Almost all the great entrepreneurs we have are either immigrants or sons of immigrants like my friend David Freeberg
>> 好,拉姆,我们一次说一件事。移民是极其重要的一件。我觉得我们已经从过热走到了过冷。呃,美国人不喜欢开放边境,就像你指出的,那种混乱。但根据民调,他们同样讨厌另一种混乱:移民执法局把人从家里拖出来,把摘草莓的人抓走,然后,你知道,基本上就是把美国人往死里打。呃,有些情况下,我想我们已经有四起死亡案例,这些会随着时间推移在法庭上裁决。但我想知道你对移民问题的解决方案是什么。我们请特朗普总统上过这个播客。他承诺,每一个来这里的移民,拿到文凭的同时就给一张绿卡,然后他们食言了,而且他们一直在试图,呃,把我们引进来的一些最优秀最聪明的人赶走,这对我们在硅谷等地建立伟大公司的能力有负面影响。我们这里几乎所有伟大的创业者,不是移民,就是移民的儿子,比如我这位朋友大卫·弗里伯格。
便签引用
39:37
here. So tell us what is Rahm Emanuel's plan for immigration post this hot and cold that we've had? Is there like a Goldilock zone? >> Yeah. Well, I actually bizarrely I'm like the last optimist that you could actually get a deal legislatively. I start with two principles. We're a nation of laws and a nation of immigrants. And whatever we do on legal and illegal has to be true to both. Nobody likes people breaking the laws and giving a pass. And I'm included. You're looking at the guy for President Clinton that designed Operation Gatekeeper in San Diego, Operation Safeguard in Ngalas, Arizona, did the stuff in El Paso. I'm t my view. And then also the resources at the workplace. Tough borders, tough enforcement.
所以告诉我们,在我们经历了这一冷一热之后,拉姆·伊曼纽尔的移民方案是什么?有没有一个恰到好处的中间区间?>> 有。嗯,其实说来奇怪,我大概是最后一个还乐观地认为能通过立法达成协议的人了。我从两个原则出发。我们是一个法治国家,也是一个移民国家。我们在合法和非法移民问题上做的任何事,都必须同时忠于这两点。没有人喜欢有人违法还被放一马。我也一样。你面前这个人,是在克林顿总统任内设计了圣迭戈"守门人行动"、亚利桑那州诺加莱斯"保障行动"的人,还做了埃尔帕索那边的事。我的看法就是这样。还有在工作场所投入执法资源。强硬的边境,强硬的执法。
便签引用
40:26
There's a thing called the dignity act. Has 23 Republicans, 23 Democrats in the House. It's true to being a nation of laws and a nation of immigrants. Is it the bill that Jason would write? No. Is it a bill that Rahm Emanuel would write? No. But does it achieve the goal? Yeah. So, everybody else is hiding using rhetoric. I endorsed it. Now, if you were doing politics and think, you would stay away from this and use just Pablo. But to me, we got to get this problem behind us so we have a future in front of us. You got 23 Republicans that signed on to certain things around legal and certain things around illegal. Does it tilt from the first time when the Democrats were in the majority a little more to the Republican side? Yeah. They're now the majority. Now, could you tilt it back to the original? Yeah. And you need leadership out of the White House, not just coming on this show and President Trump speaking Pabum and never really following through like he did on Dreamers, like he did on Green Card on
有一部法案叫《尊严法案》。在众议院有23名共和党人、23名民主党人联署。它既忠于我们是法治国家,也忠于我们是移民国家。这是杰森会写的那种法案吗?不是。这是拉姆·伊曼纽尔会写的法案吗?不是。但它能达成目标吗?能。所以,其他所有人都躲在漂亮话后面。我公开支持它。如果你只从政治算计考虑,你会躲开这个议题,只讲些空话。但对我来说,我们必须把这个问题解决掉,才能有未来可言。你已经有23名共和党人在合法移民的一些条款和非法移民的一些条款上签了字。跟民主党占多数时的第一版相比,它是不是往共和党那边偏了一点?是的。他们现在是多数党。那么,能不能把它再拉回到原来的样子?可以。而这需要白宫拿出领导力,而不是只上这个节目,特朗普总统讲一堆空话,从来不真正兑现——就像他在"追梦人"问题上那样,就像他在"每张文凭配一张绿卡"上那样。合法移民,吸引最优秀最聪明的人。
便签引用
41:27
every diploma. it legal immigration getting the best and the brightest. Going back to our China example, all these people that are leading leading China's life sciences came out of the United States, trained, worked in our life sciences. We kicked them out like fools. Okay? So, to me, pass the dignity act. Don't mess with it. And again, I want to be clear. It is not the bill I would write if I was sitting down at my keyboard. Does it accomplish the goal I set out? Is it a true compromise? Yes. Do we finally b do what we have to do at the border? Correct. Does it finally do what we have to do to attract the best of the brightest? Yes.
回到我们说的中国的例子,所有那些在引领中国生命科学的人,都是从美国出来的,在我们的生命科学领域受训、工作过。我们像傻子一样把他们赶走了。好吧?所以对我来说,就是通过《尊严法案》。别再改来改去。再说一遍,我想说清楚,如果让我坐在自己的键盘前,这不是我会写的那部法案。但它有没有达成我设定的目标?它是不是一个真正的妥协?是。我们是不是终于在边境上做了该做的事?没错。它是不是终于做到了我们该做的事,去吸引最优秀最聪明的人?是的。
便签引用
42:13
And that to me would stop the civil war. >> What about a point based system? It seems like all the great high functioning immigration uh countries in the world have a point-based system. And even Japan, um I just learned on my last trip a couple weeks ago, they're going to require you have to speak the language fluently to get those jobs. And there's so many people who want to go to their great nation. They've kept it pretty tight and uh they force people uh to assimilate. So what's your views on assimilation, speaking the language in pointbased system?
这在我看来就能终结这场内战。>> 那积分制呢?看起来全世界所有运作良好的移民国家都采用积分制。而且连日本也是,我几周前上一次出行才了解到,他们要求你必须能流利地说他们的语言才能拿到那些工作。有那么多人想去他们那个伟大的国家,但他们把关卡得相当紧,而且他们强制人们融入。所以你对融入、说当地语言以及积分制怎么看?基于积分的系统吗?
便签引用
42:44
>> Well, look, >> any lessons there from Japan? I think the best lesson for the United States if I could, but there's a there's lessons. Now remember, because you're touching something that's also both legal, etc., but it's also historic and cultural. I don't think Japan is a perfect analogy. No, >> given it's an island. I think if you're looking for something analogous, the two countries I would say that we have a lot to learn on to emulate as well as is both Canada that has somewhat of a point system, their variation, their signature on it, a Canadian signature and Denmark.
>> 嗯,你看,>> 日本那边有什么可借鉴的经验吗?如果可以的话,我觉得对美国最好的经验——不过确实是有经验可借鉴的。要记住,因为你触及的东西既涉及法律层面等等,同时也涉及历史和文化层面。我不认为日本是一个完美的类比对象。是啊,>> 毕竟它是个岛国。我觉得如果你要找类似的例子,我会说有两个国家我们有很多可以学习和效仿的地方,一个是加拿大,他们有某种形式的积分制,是他们自己的变体,带有他们自己的印记,加拿大式的印记;另一个是丹麦。
便签引用
43:23
And so if you're asking me, and look, Japan has 98% uh homogeneous society, only like 3.7 million immigrants, and they think they have an immigration problem. You look at the United States on a dem on kind of just a quantitative, it's like totally different. So I I look at the Canadian system. Well, how Canada because of our system or our dysfunction is now attracting what used to be the talent that would come to America, the ability to study in America. I actually think the Canadian model, the Danish model closer to where we get best practices and lessons learned. The dignity act does some of that. Now I'll give you example. This is not about immigration, but it's something I spoke about when it came to affordability for higher education.
所以如果你问我——你看,日本有98%的人口是同质化的,移民只有大约370万,可他们就觉得自己有移民问题了。你再看美国,从人口结构上,纯粹从数量角度看,那完全是另一回事。所以我会去看加拿大的制度。加拿大现在因为我们的制度、我们的失灵,正在吸引那些原本会来美国的人才,那些原本会来美国求学的人。我确实认为加拿大模式、丹麦模式更接近我们该汲取最佳实践和经验教训的地方。《尊严法案》在某种程度上做到了这一点。我给你举个例子。这跟移民无关,但这是我在谈到高等教育可负担性时讲过的一件事。
便签引用
44:19
I would let universities, colleges across the United States go up, set a goal, you can go up to 20% foreign students today. Some of them are six, some are more. I don't care how you divide it between your grad and undergrad. That's up to you, yours. But those students pay full play. They pay full price. It would subsidize our ability to get American students uh get a three-year BA rather than a four-year, saving mom and dad a year's worth of tuition because the foreign students pay full full boat and they want the American brand. So, and given that they came here to study, they would more likely want to stay and then start building this country economically as you said from the technology and other type of companies across the United States. A lot of immigrants and children of immigrants came because of the university system and that's a that is a political power and persuasion and capacity the United States has underinvested in. So I kind of look and the short answer is Canada and Denmark are the better uh examples.
我会允许全美的大学和学院提高比例,设定一个目标,你们可以把外国学生比例提高到20%,现在有些学校是6%,有些更高。我不管你们怎么在研究生和本科生之间分配,那是你们自己的事。但这些学生要付全额学费。他们付全价。这就能补贴我们让美国学生拿三年制学士学位而不是四年制的能力,给爸妈省下一年的学费,因为外国学生付的是全额,而且他们看中的是美国这块牌子。所以而且既然他们是来这里读书的,他们更有可能愿意留下来,然后像你说的那样,从科技和其他各类公司的角度在经济上建设这个国家。很多移民和移民的子女就是因为大学体系才来的,而这是一种政治力量、说服力和能力,是美国一直投入不足的。所以我大概会这么看,简短的回答就是:加拿大和丹麦是更好的例子。
便签引用
45:29
The dignity act I don't want to sit here and go through the bill with you and rip it apart but a that does it. B, I want to be very clear. If you control the border, you send a signal that people who break the law don't get rewarded. And I I so angry at our part, my party, not only losing control of the border, but in the 2020 debate, raising your hand and saying I'm going to give healthcare to people that cross illegally from a forget the immigration policy, the value system. You have American families suffocating under health care costs.
《尊严法案》——我不想坐在这儿跟你逐条过一遍法案然后把它批得体无完肤,但第一,它做到了这一点。第二,我想说得非常清楚:如果你控制住了边境,你就发出了一个信号,违法的人不会得到奖励。我对我们这边,对我自己的党非常恼火,不仅是丢掉了对边境的控制,还在2020年的辩论上举手说我要给非法越境的人提供医保。先不谈移民政策,就说价值观体系。你有那么多美国家庭被医疗费用压得喘不过气。
便签引用
46:06
Not everybody universally covered, but may we're significantly well on our way there. And you're talking about free healthcare to having crossed the border illegally at every level. That was foolish by uh the party. >> Free [laughter] Kenya. Jason, I'd like you to start referring to him as David. Okay. A little more. a little more damage on the problem. We got a sax on Freeberg. So you say I'm That's not That's your problem. I just think Free I just Freeberg is so insensitive to his and we've clearly proved that David has a lot of sensitivity on this show.
不是人人都有保险,但我们已经在朝那个方向走了很远。结果你却在谈给非法越境的人提供各个层面的免费医疗。这是我们党干的蠢事。>> 免费的 [笑声] 肯尼亚。Jason,我希望你开始称呼他为David。好,再多一点。在这个问题上再多点杀伤力。我们这有个Sax,有个Freeberg。所以你说我是——那不是——那是你的问题。我只是觉得Free——我只是觉得Freeberg对他的事太不敏感了,而我们已经清楚地证明了David在这个节目上是个非常敏感的人。
便签引用
46:43
>> I I am very sensitive. [laughter] >> I am I always tell people I'm probably the the the last person to ever get offended by anything, but >> Jason always offends me off the bat. So Ron, I will start by just a framing and it's a contention I'd like you to disagree with that >> I disagree. >> Yeah. Federal [laughter] debate club. So no matter what I say, you are to disagree. Okay. >> Can we establish a fact Angela Merkel came out of the CDU? >> I I would establish a fact that I [laughter] consider Angela Merkel a leftist. But we'll >> I mean it does speak to I think we'll >> what defines each of these parties. I mean, you were part of a party that >> the Democrats, you know, in I think their the peak moderate era that wanted to balance the budget, that wanted the border to be controlled and that wanted to have, you know, globalism, you know, and now that seems to be half Trump's. I mean, it's hard to define these parties anymore, especially with social.
>> 我 我确实很敏感。[笑声] >> 我 我总是跟人说,我大概是最不容易被任何事情冒犯的人,但是 >> Jason一上来就冒犯我。那么Ron,我先给个框架,这是一个我希望你反对的观点 >> 我反对。>> 对。联邦 [笑声] 辩论俱乐部。所以不管我说什么,你都要反对。好的。>> 我们能先确立一个事实吗,安格拉·默克尔是从基民盟(CDU)出来的?>> 我要确立的事实是,我 [笑声] 认为安格拉·默克尔是个左派。不过我们 >> 我是说这确实说明了,我觉得我们会>> 是什么定义了这些政党。我是说,你曾经属于一个政党,>> 民主党,你知道,在我看来是它最鼎盛的温和派时代,那时候它想要平衡预算,想要控制边境,还想要全球化,你知道的,而现在这些好像有一半成了特朗普的主张。我是说,现在很难再定义这些政党了,尤其是加上社交媒体。
便签引用
08政府补贴到底推不推高价格
47:41
>> That's why I think actually categories like saying these are leftist policies is actually all bro all wasted and broken. But go ahead, David. >> Yeah. No, because I mean even in the Trump administration, we're taking equity stakes in companies, which is yeah, >> not a typical free free market conservative view. But let me just frame this up. So I would argue that over the last 30 years, where the government spends more to try and make things more accessible to American citizens, the cost of those things goes up in a disproportionate way. The average rate of inflation in the last 30 years has been 2.5%. But housing's gone up by at least 5% a year on average, compounding.
>> 所以我才觉得,像"这些是左派政策"这样的分类其实完全是浪费,而且已经失效了。不过你继续,David。>> 是啊。不,因为我是说,就连在特朗普政府里,我们也在收购公司的股权,这是啊,>> 这不是典型的自由市场保守派观点。但让我把话题铺开讲。我想说的是,在过去30年里,凡是政府花更多钱试图让某样东西对美国公民更可及的领域,那样东西的成本反而不成比例地上涨。过去30年的平均通胀率是2.5%。但住房每年平均至少涨了5%,而且是复利式的。
便签引用
48:19
Education over 6%, healthcare 5 1.5%. And all three of these categories are categories where the federal government has launched programs to either subsidize or make available these categories of services to people through promises. You are going to all have a home. You are all going to have education. You're going to all have healthcare. And the more that the government provides 300 billion a year in housing support, $200 billion a year in education, over a trillion dollars, $2 trillion almost in healthcare, the more things get more expensive. And so is it really the role of the government to provide these services or get the f out of the way and let the market work?
教育超过6%,医疗5.5%。而这三个类别,恰恰都是联邦政府推出过项目、通过承诺来补贴或让民众能获得这些服务的领域。承诺你们都会有房子,你们都会受教育,你们都会有医保。而政府在住房上每年投入3000亿,在教育上每年投入2000亿,在医疗上超过一万亿、接近两万亿,投得越多,东西就越贵。所以提供这些服务到底是不是政府的职责?还是说政府该滚开,让市场去发挥作用?
便签引用
49:01
Because in all the places where the government hasn't launched services, hasn't provided support, hasn't provided loans like technology, energy, food, consumer services, we've seen a net decrease in total cost. And so deflation actually works when you let markets work. But when the government comes in and tries to rally up markets to provide more to more people, things simply get more expensive. >> Okay. >> Tell tell me why I'm wrong. >> You're wrong. And first of all, the GI Bill was a government initiative.
因为在所有政府没有推出服务、没有提供补贴、没有提供贷款的领域,比如科技、能源、食品、消费服务,我们看到的是总成本的净下降。所以当你让市场发挥作用时,通缩其实是有效的。但当政府介入,试图动员市场向更多人提供更多东西时,东西就只会变得更贵。>> 好的。>> 告诉我我错在哪。>> 你错了。首先,《退伍军人权利法案》就是一项政府主导的举措。
便签引用
49:35
Massive increase in housing and home ownership in America. Would you have recommended after World War II for those who served overseas, no GI Bill because the market will take care of your housing needs? It also had an education component. Number two, when you said we don't have a we don't food costs went down and government was involved, what do you consider the agricultural bill that subsidized growing of food in the United States to big Agra? >> Well, I know that bill very well, but we we could debate that bill if you'd like, but I can two you say we're not involved in energy. Well, we have a tax write off for drilling. We're involved in energy.
它极大地推动了美国的住房建设和住房自有率。你会建议二战之后,对那些曾在海外服役的人不搞《退伍军人权利法案》,因为市场会解决他们的住房需求吗?它还有教育方面的内容。第二,你说我们没有——食品成本下降了而政府没有介入,那你怎么看那个补贴美国粮食种植、补贴大型农业公司的农业法案?>> 嗯,那个法案我很了解,你想的话我们可以辩论那个法案,但我可以说 >> 第二,你说我们没介入能源。可我们对钻探有税收减免啊。我们是介入能源的。
便签引用
50:13
That's just not true. >> You could make that case about everything, Ron. Like, you could say we touch everything. But our total dollar spend, our total dollar spend is what I'm talking about. >> That that's why your analogies are wrong and B that right now I happen to think uh that the United States government and there's a balance between uh both the private sector and the public sector. And this balance is trying to when the forces and concentration of both power and wealth get too much you and I'm just having opened up the Teddy Roosevelt library etc. That was a redefinition of what the government does to come to the aid of those who are most vulner not just vulnerable but vulnerable to the concentration of power. Now to housing there is where the government has messed up and this is not on the national level but on the local level it has made it both when you get things like in San Francisco like in New York you have a concentration of a really do an economy that's doing well but restrictive laws as it relates to zoning
你那说法根本不成立。>> Ron,这套说法你可以套用到任何事情上。你可以说我们什么都沾了一点。但我们的总支出,我说的是总的花费金额。>> 这就是为什么你的类比是错的,其次,我现在恰恰认为,美国政府——而且私营部门和公共部门之间存在一种平衡。这种平衡就是试图在权力和财富的力量与集中程度变得太过分的时候——我刚刚参加了泰迪·罗斯福图书馆的开馆活动之类的。那就是对政府职能的一次重新定义,即政府要去援助那些最脆弱的人,不只是脆弱,而是在权力集中面前脆弱的人。现在说到住房,那恰恰是政府搞砸了的地方,而且这不是在国家层面,是在地方层面。它造成的结果是,当你看到像旧金山、像纽约这样的地方,你会看到一个经济确实运行得很好的地方高度集中,但在分区规划、
便签引用
51:24
building permitting that drive up costs not the only reason, but a contributing a significantly contributing factor. Now, I'm not mayor today, [snorts] but if I was mayor of Chicago, I would say, "Okay, I'm going to put all our zoning laws, all our building laws, and all our permanent planning laws, and I'm going to measure them up against Dallas, Houston, and Phoenix. You tell me what we have and why they don't have it, and why we have it, and they don't have it. And if you can't justify it, get it the hell out of here.
建筑许可方面有那么多限制性法规,把成本推高——不是唯一的原因,但是一个重要的推动因素。现在我不是市长了,[吸鼻子] 但如果我是芝加哥市长,我会说:"好,我要把我们所有的分区法规、所有的建筑法规、所有的永久规划法规拿出来,我要把它们跟达拉斯、休斯顿和凤凰城对照一遍。你告诉我我们有哪些规定而他们没有,为什么我们有而他们没有。如果你说不出理由,就把它给我废掉。"
便签引用
51:58
I would also do things because I think the biggest problem we have in housing is firsttime home ownership and that is a post financial 2008 meltdown. For whatever reason, the market has gone on the high end and the low end and the first time home ownership is where we are stuck in a sense of new construction. And I actually do think that's a place where both the public and private sector together needs to address a problem that has been now around for almost 20 years and the private sector on their own haven't fixed.
我还会做一些别的事,因为我认为我们住房领域最大的问题是首次购房,而这是2008年金融危机之后的问题。不知什么原因,市场都涌向了高端和低端,而首次购房这一块在新建住房方面陷入了停滞。我确实认为这是一个需要公共部门和私营部门共同去解决的问题,这个问题至今已经存在将近20年了,私营部门靠自己没能解决。
便签引用
09芝加哥教育改革与高中重造方案
52:36
And so I don't agree with uh your analogies and I do believe now there's places where the government gets in its own way and there's places in which it should be targeted to incentivize the private sector to address those problems. Now I that's where I would go uh in addressing that >> do education like yeah go ahead. >> Oh I was turning my attention there. >> Okay. Uh now look I spent eight eight years and every day every hour working fixing an education system that was broken and when I was done Stanford called it the single best Sean rear in there at Stanford the single best education system of the top 100. We drove by example we drove our graduation rates from 56 to 83%.
所以我不同意你的类比,我确实相信,有些地方是政府自己给自己设了障碍,也有些地方政府应该有针对性地激励私营部门去解决那些问题。这就是我在处理这个问题时会走的方向 >> 讲讲教育吧,对,你继续。>> 哦,我正想转到那边去。>> 好的。呃,你看,我花了八年时间,每一天每一个小时都在修复一个已经崩坏的教育体系,等我干完的时候,斯坦福称它是——Sean,斯坦福那边的人——称它是全美百强中最好的教育体系。我们以实绩说话,我们把毕业率从56%提高到了83%。
便签引用
53:27
We drove our reading and math scores at every one of the elementary levels. I'm doing this by memory, so I could be slightly wrong. It's in the report, but we were six months ahead of our peers. And trust me, that is not easy to achieve. Now, I'm going to go to Louisiana at the end of September because it's the only state whose reading and math scores have gone up to pre-COVID level to find out what they're doing. Like I went to Mississippi on the higher ed on the elementary level. One is we created K full day kindergarten, free full day prek. I'm very big believer in early childhood in the elementary years.
我们把每一个小学年级的阅读和数学成绩都提上去了。这些是我凭记忆说的,所以可能稍微有偏差。报告里都有,但我们领先同类城市六个月。相信我,那可不容易做到。现在,我九月底要去路易斯安那州,因为它是唯一一个阅读和数学成绩回升到疫情前水平的州,我要去看看他们是怎么做的。就像我去密西西比看高等教育——在小学层面。第一,我们创办了全天制幼儿园,免费的全天制学前班。我非常信奉早期儿童教育和小学阶段的教育。
便签引用
54:08
Three things, universal accountability, not just teachers, parents, principles, and the schools. Two, reboot our teacher education and training so it's constant, not just one and done. And the teacher uh training today is really flat. Give the teachers the support so they know what to do on the subjects they're supposed to do. Constantly train them. It's not and redo reboot the entire teacher training program starting at our colleges. Three is braid the resources together so states and cities can meld it because what happens on [snorts] the southside or west side of Chicago or what happens in our suburbs or what happens in some of our best schools like North Side and Payton just isn't the same students and poor students need more resources but accountability through the system. Now fourth, nobody wants to talk about it.
三件事:第一,全面问责,不只是老师,还有家长、校长和学校。第二,重构我们的师范教育和培训,让它成为持续性的,而不是一次性的。今天的教师培训真的很平庸。给老师提供支持,让他们知道在自己该教的科目上该怎么做。持续培训他们。要从我们的大学开始,把整个教师培训体系彻底重做、重构。第三,把各种资源编织在一起,让州和市可以整合使用,因为 [吸鼻子] 芝加哥南区或西区发生的情况,跟我们郊区发生的情况,跟我们一些最好的学校比如North Side和Payton发生的情况,学生根本不一样,贫困学生需要更多资源,但整个体系要有问责。现在第四点,没人愿意谈这个。
便签引用
55:04
Guess what? You got to be at this every day. This is a 20-year project, not a two two-year project. That's what Mississippi and Louisiana showed us. High school fundamental reform. Elementary re stay with the uh the fundamentals. High school, we drove 50% of our kids, which was our goal. We're graduating with college credit on high school day. I'd set a goal as if I decide to do this. 100% of our kids will graduate high school with college credit through dual credit and dual enrollment with our local community colleges of which are 1,200. Second, we're the only school district in America that set this up and I to make it a national requirement.
你猜怎么着?你必须每天都盯着这件事。这是一个二十年的工程,不是两年的工程。这是密西西比州和路易斯安那州给我们的启示。高中的根本性改革。小学阶段要坚持抓基础。到了高中,我们让50%的孩子——这是我们定的目标——在高中毕业时就带着大学学分毕业。如果我来做这件事,我会定这样一个目标:100%的孩子高中毕业时都要通过与本地社区大学合作的双学分和双注册项目拿到大学学分,这样的社区大学有1200所。第二,我们是全美唯一一个这么做的学区,我想把它变成一项全国性的要求。
便签引用
55:46
Nobody graduates and gets a high school diploma without a showing a letter of acceptance from a college, a community college, a branch of the armed forces or vocational school. Every child, not just Jason, David, and Rams, has a plan. They know where they're walking to when they're walking on graduation day. Universal post high school education. I rec and now we hired a huge amount of college careers in the city of Chicago, but we accomplished 98% compliance with it. Third, take $8 billion you're wasting on detention centers at the ICE and modernize our community college systems, both the campuses, the curriculum, and the relevancy it has to the industries in and around.
没有人能在拿不出大学、社区大学、某个军种或职业学校录取信的情况下毕业、拿到高中文凭。每个孩子,不只是杰森、大卫和拉姆斯,都有一个规划。毕业那天走过舞台时,他们知道自己接下来要走向哪里。普及高中后教育。我们在芝加哥市雇了大量的大学升学顾问,最终实现了98%的执行率。第三,把你们浪费在移民与海关执法局(ICE)拘留中心上的80亿美元拿出来,用于现代化我们的社区大学系统,包括校园、课程,以及它和周边产业的相关性。
便签引用
56:31
Finally, fifth, higher education 20% foreign students. They're allowed up to two identify 10% of the stuff that you do pay for in complying with the federal government. you keep a 100% of those dollars. Three, if a child graduates with 20 college credits from high school, that child is uh open to a three-year BA, not a four-year, saving mom and dad, the equivalent of a full year of tuition. Oxford and Cambridge do three-year BAS. Second, if your income is below 200,000, you're going to go to college for free.
最后,第五点,高等教育——20%的国际学生名额。他们最多可以有两……你可以从你为遵守联邦政府规定而支付的开销中找出10%的部分,这些钱你100%自己留着。第三,如果一个孩子高中毕业时带着20个大学学分,那这个孩子就可以读三年制本科,而不是四年制,这等于为爸妈省下整整一年的学费。牛津和剑桥的本科就是三年制。第二,如果你家收入低于20万美元,你上大学就免费。
便签引用
57:17
fourth or third finally in that area if your income's above 200,000 it does each year doesn't go above inflation that's what I would do on education get kids minimum four years ideally three in universal prek return to the fundamentals stay at it bring accountability and standards back into the school system revamp our high school years into college career Not just diploma driven with two to three examples. The best one I also did first and only school district, first city to do it. You got to be average in high school. We made community college free.
第四,或者说第三,最后在这一块:如果你家收入高于20万美元,那每年的涨幅不能超过通胀。这就是我在教育上会做的:让孩子至少读四年、最好是三年,普及学前教育,回归基础,长期坚持,把问责和标准带回学校系统,改造我们的高中阶段,让它面向大学和职业,而不只是以拿文凭为导向,有两三个例子。最好的那个我也做过——第一个也是唯一一个这么做的学区,第一个这么做的城市。你在高中只要拿到B的平均成绩,我们就让你免费上社区大学。
便签引用
57:57
The goal here is to take the high school years when you lose students and the community colleges and meld them so kids are graduating high school with college credit prepared for the next step in their life. 80% of all the jobs require some education, minimum of two years post high school. And we've done nothing to revamp our high school years since Teddy Roosevelt. [snorts] That's kind of top to bottom. >> Yeah. >> And it and no child, no student of any income or background is left out of that. You want to go to college and then be an engineer, great.
这里的目标是把最容易流失学生的高中阶段和社区大学融合起来,让孩子们高中毕业时就带着大学学分,为人生的下一步做好准备。80%的工作都要求某种教育背景,至少是高中后两年。而我们从西奥多·罗斯福时代以来,就再没有改造过高中阶段。[笑出声] 这大概就是从头到尾的思路。>> 是的。>> 而且没有哪个孩子、哪个学生会因为收入或出身被排除在外。你想上大学然后当工程师,很好。
便签引用
58:31
You want to be a nurse, you want to be a carpenter. As you pour more of these dollars into the community colleges, into the federal student loan program, the administrative staff continues to bloat. We've seen administrative staff grow from 10% to 60% in the last 30 years as they've had no limits on spending because the federal student loan program doesn't provide a criteria that says if your tuition costs too much, if your school isn't that good, etc., etc., we we restrict your access to this loan program. The loan program is so unrestricted that it provides a fuel for the fire. Okay.
你想当护士、想当木匠都行。可是当你把越来越多的钱投进社区大学、投进联邦助学贷款项目,行政人员就会不断膨胀。我们看到过去30年里行政人员从10%涨到了60%,因为他们的开支没有任何限制——联邦助学贷款项目并没有设定一套标准,比如说:如果你的学费太贵、如果你的学校质量不行,等等等等,我们就限制你使用这个贷款项目。这个贷款项目毫无约束,结果就是火上浇油。好吧。
便签引用
59:04
>> For cost. That is for cost. >> Right. Okay. I just sat there and told you what. Okay. Great. Now, let me ask you. >> You haven't addressed the fact that 50% of our kids can't read at grade level. >> You want to talk to me about Oh, no. No. Wait a second. Wait a second, David. The way you asked that question told me where your priorities are. >> Your priority is Okay. I want to talk about student loan. >> Higher education. Higher education. I'm not I'm not talking about the I'm not talking about um how do you GET TO HIGHER EDUCATION? WELL, I get I get you're not talking about it, but there's a lot of parents sitting around the kitchen table talking about it.
>> 你说的是成本。那是成本问题。>> 对。好。我刚才坐在这儿把该说的都跟你说了。好,很好。那现在我来问你。>> 你没有回应这个事实:我们50%的孩子达不到年级阅读水平。>> 你想跟我谈……哦不,不。等一下。等一下,大卫。你提问的方式已经告诉我你的重点在哪儿了。>> 你的重点是……好吧,我想谈助学贷款。>> 高等教育。高等教育。我不是在谈……我不是在谈那个……我不是在谈你怎么上得了大学。好吧,我明白你不想谈这个,但有很多家长正围着餐桌讨论这件事。
便签引用
59:36
>> I'm talking about cost and higher education. That's it. That's all I'm talking about. >> I just gave you a plan. Ask anybody that gets on your show. I just gave you a plan of how to control costs. None of it dealt with the student loan program. It dealt with the fact that we cut our nose off despite our face by not letting foreign students come in and pay full price, which are squeezing our colleges. You get up to 20%. You decide how you want to do it. You can identify 10% of the savings that you comply with federal government. You keep 100% of the cost.
>> 我谈的是成本和高等教育。就这些。我只谈这个。>> 我刚给了你一套方案。你可以问任何上过你节目的人。我刚给了你一套控制成本的方案。里面没有一条是关于助学贷款项目的。它讲的是:我们不让国际学生进来付全额学费,等于是割掉自己的鼻子来出气,这正在挤压我们的大学。你最多可以招20%。怎么操作你自己定。你可以从遵守联邦政府规定所省下的开支里划出10%,这笔钱你100%留着。
便签引用
1:00:04
But here's what you're going to do different. And to get that Wait, wait, wait a second. >> I get to This is the answer part to the question part. Go for it. Yeah. Yeah. >> Okay. You want to get to college? >> Revamp what goes on in not only the elementary years, but the high school years. You know, when kids drop out of college, David, third grade. That's when they start dropping out. And when you have 50% of your kids not reading at grade level, college cost is not your problem. We're going to compete against China with 50% of our kids not reading.
但你接下来要做点不一样的事。为了拿到那个……等等,等等,等一下。>> 该我……这是回答的部分,刚才是提问的部分。你说吧。好,好。>> 好。你想上大学?>> 那就改造不只是小学阶段、还有高中阶段的内容。你知道孩子们是什么时候从大学辍学的吗,大卫?三年级。那才是他们开始掉队的时候。当你有50%的孩子达不到年级阅读水平时,大学成本根本不是你的问题。我们要拿50%的孩子读不了书去跟中国竞争。
便签引用
1:00:33
I'm sorry, that's not how you beat a country that's three times your size. >> Yes, we need to fix we need to fix that issue. But like just taking a zoom out and and so my concern arises >> kids drop out of college in third grade. David, >> I'm not Yeah, I'm not talking about dropping out of college. I'm talking about how much we spend on administrative in colleges and how much we've allowed it to inflate and that ultimately leads to a cost and and an an accessibility problem to higher education. Rahm because as it gets to be 30 40 60 $80,000 a year for a kid to go to school.
抱歉,你不可能用这种方式打败一个体量是你三倍的国家。>> 是,我们需要解决那个问题。但如果拉远一点看……我的担忧在于——>> 孩子们是在三年级从大学辍学的。大卫,>> 我不是……对,我不是在谈大学辍学。我谈的是我们在大学行政开支上花了多少钱,以及我们怎么任由它膨胀,而这最终导致了高等教育的成本问题和可及性问题。拉姆,因为当一个孩子上学一年要花到三万、四万、六万、八万美元的时候……
便签引用
1:01:04
>> Two things you are talking about costs that is a problem to me. The problem is that we've given up on 50% of our kids. >> Given up a fair statement. It's a fair statement. Okay, it what you identified is a problem. I'm identifying the problem. Number two, in my view, I have spent more time on the subject of education. I wanted to be an early childhood educator when I went to college and I took a system that William Bennett called the single worst in America to where Shawn R and Stanford called it the single best of the top 100 and it took everything of my soul to get it there.
>> 两件事:你谈的是成本,那对我来说是个问题。但真正的问题是我们已经放弃了50%的孩子。>> 说“放弃”算是中肯的说法。是中肯的说法。好吧,你指出的确实是个问题。我指出的也是问题。第二,在我看来,我在教育这个议题上花的时间更多。我上大学时就想做幼儿教育工作者,而我接手了一个被威廉·班尼特称为全美最差的系统,把它变成了肖恩·里尔登和斯坦福称之为百强中最好的那个,这几乎耗尽了我的全部心血。
便签引用
1:01:45
>> Yeah. We need to take the high school years, let alone the standards and accountability in the elementary years, and revamp them as in the three things I talked about that fit together. B average, community college is free. 50% which I would set as a goal is 100 have to graduate with college credit under their belt. And third, nobody gets a diploma that doesn't tell us what they're doing next. College, community college, branch of the armed forces, certification school. I'm not just about college. You're 500 to 600,000 electricians short just for data centers. Broadband 150,000. You can't build submarines because we don't have pipe fitters and plumbers. Okay.
>> 是的。我们需要着手改造高中阶段,更不用说小学阶段的标准和问责了,按我讲的那三件互相配套的事去改造:平均成绩B、社区大学免费、50%(我会把目标定为100%)的学生毕业时必须已经拿到大学学分。第三,拿不出下一步打算的人不能拿到文凭。大学、社区大学、某个军种、认证学校,都行。我说的不只是大学。光是数据中心就缺50万到60万名电工。宽带缺15万。我们造不出潜艇,因为我们没有管道工和水暖工。好吧。
便签引用
10赤字、税法、最低工资与增长五点
1:02:28
So, I'm You want to be a pipe fitter? Great. You want to be a physician? Great. You want to be a physical therapist? Great. Have an education system that actually reflects the economy and skills that we need. >> Yeah, that's a good point. And and and my concern, Rahm, comes from since you get the you make a lot of you make a lot of great points and you make some that I disagree with, but that's what we're all about. And as I zoom out, I mean, I look at our $7 trillion a year spend in the federal government, 5 trillion a year in revenue. We're 2 trillion short. We've got 40 trillion in debt, 30 years at 5%.
所以,我……你想当管道工?很好。你想当医生?很好。你想当物理治疗师?很好。我们要有一个真正反映经济现实和所需技能的教育系统。>> 是,这点说得好。拉姆,我的担忧来自……你说了很多,你讲了很多很好的观点,也有一些我不认同,但这本来就是我们节目的意义。当我拉远来看,我看到联邦政府一年支出7万亿美元,收入5万亿,缺口2万亿。我们背着40万亿债务,按5%算,30年期。
便签引用
1:03:01
That's 2 trillion a year in interest expense. We have to figure out a way to reconcile the fiscal condition of the federal government to have a future for our kids. And so for me, every everything comes down to this like cost model. And I'm like, where are we spending money that we're inflating costs and it doesn't make sense to do it. So I have I have a slate. Look, >> and by the way, Rahm, this was something that Trump promised he would do with Doge and other cuts and it [clears throat] was it was all it was all snake oil salesman. Look, I don't accept redistribution and I don't accept the corruption.
那就是一年2万亿的利息支出。我们必须想办法把联邦政府的财政状况理顺,才能给孩子们一个未来。所以对我来说,一切都归结到成本模型上。我会想,我们到底在哪些地方花钱花出了通胀效应,而且这钱花得根本不合理。所以我有一份清单。你看,>> 顺便说一句,拉姆,这正是特朗普承诺要用“政府效率部”(Doge)和其他削减措施去做的事,而结果[清嗓]全都是卖假药的把戏。听着,我不接受再分配,我也不接受腐败。
便签引用
1:03:40
You can't have capitalism or economic freedom with corruption as a as a grounding principle. It's against the rule of law which is key to capitalism and economic freedom and redistribution doesn't solve anything as it relates to growth. I believe in five things that are essential to grow the economy and grow incomes and so people are no longer living paycheck to paycheck. One, everything we've just talked about on education and training from prek to BA. Two, the dignity act as I said as it relates to immigration. Three, modernize our energy system. Visav Texas is the best example in the United States. And I said that three, four, 10% levy on all predictive markets and online sport gaming and it has to go to the NIH, National Science Foundation, and DARPA. double our dollars into research. Fifth, a tax code that does not reward wealth preservation, but wealth creation. This tax code is an abomination as it relates to economic freedom. Control the overall spending for the next 5 years so it can't grow
你不可能在以腐败为基础的前提下拥有资本主义或经济自由。那违背法治,而法治是资本主义和经济自由的关键;再分配在增长这件事上也解决不了任何问题。我认为有五件事对于发展经济、提高收入、让人们不再月光度日是至关重要的。第一,我们刚才谈的所有关于教育和培训的事,从学前班到本科。第二,我说过的《尊严法案》,跟移民有关。第三,现代化我们的能源系统,得克萨斯州是全美最好的例子。我还说过,第三、第四——对所有预测市场和线上体育博彩征收10%的税,而且这笔钱必须投给国立卫生研究院(NIH)、国家科学基金会和国防高级研究计划局(DARPA)。把我们投入研究的资金翻倍。第五,一套不奖励财富保值、而是奖励财富创造的税法。现在这套税法就经济自由而言简直是个祸害。把未来五年的总体支出控制住,不让它增长,
便签引用
1:04:52
and start making some tough choices within the system. I told you, you don't support it. I would not spend $38 billion on detention centers nobody wants. I would take eight of it as a starting point and modernize the,200 community colleges throughout the country that are the economic backbone of Lacrosse, Wisconsin, Spartanberg, South Carolina. Go down the list. I've seen it firsthand because we did it in our community colleges. The World Bank called it the best college career program in America. That to me is what we should be doing. And we're going to make some tough choices. I don't believe in sending ICE agents out with $50,000 bonuses when I'd rather give a bonus to signing up to be a carpenter electrician. That's more important to America's future than some mass man running around the streets of Minneapolis. What's the politics of this? How do you get Congress to come along? Because for years, we've heard a lot of points from both parties about we are going to rationalize spending. We
并在系统内部开始做一些艰难的取舍。我跟你说过,你不支持这个——我不会把380亿美元花在没人想要的拘留中心上。我会先拿出其中80亿,去现代化全国1200所社区大学,它们是威斯康星州拉克罗斯、南卡罗来纳州斯帕坦堡这些地方的经济支柱。这样的地方还有很多。我亲眼见过,因为我们在自己的社区大学里就是这么做的。世界银行称它是全美最好的大学与职业项目。在我看来,这才是我们该做的事。我们会做一些艰难的取舍。我不赞成派出ICE探员还给他们5万美元奖金,我宁愿把奖金发给报名去当木匠、电工的人。那对美国的未来更重要,比让一帮蒙面人在明尼阿波利斯街头乱窜强。这里头的政治现实是怎样的?你怎么让国会配合?因为多年来我们从两党都听到过很多说法,说我们要让开支合理化,我们要做正确的事,我们要
便签引用
1:05:45
are going to do the right thing. We are going to get ourselves out of the deficit. We are going to make things economically viable for the United States for people are going to advance. Everyone's got great ideas, but when push comes to shove, representatives of their district or of their state end up saying, "I'm going to give more to my people in order to get reelected." And the budget goes up and up and up. >> David, David, here's the thing which is unfortunate about American politics. >> As a person that coined the term never allow a good crisis to go to waste.
摆脱赤字,我们要让美国在经济上可持续,让人们能够向上流动。人人都有好主意,可一到关键时刻,各选区或各州的议员最后都会说:“我得给我的选民多争取点,这样才能连任。”于是预算就一路往上涨。>> 大卫,大卫,美国政治不幸的地方就在这儿。>> 作为那个提出“永远不要浪费一场好危机”这句话的人,
便签引用
1:06:14
It's the opportunity to do big thing. Look, I believe the surplus created sloppiness that Bill Clinton left. We try to fight two wars with two tax cuts. Really stupid. Never been done in American history. And that's the beginning of a wild. We went from a surplus that Alan Greenspan described would be a danger to America because of the 10 10year Treasury note to running $ 38 trillion of deficit from a surplus to that because it was reckless. We fought Iraq and Afghanistan with two tax cuts. Never tried in American history. And it proved to be stupid.
危机正是做大事的机会。你看,我认为比尔·克林顿留下的财政盈余催生了松懈。我们试图在两次减税的同时打两场战争。非常愚蠢。美国历史上从没这么干过。那就是一连串问题的开端。我们从一个连艾伦·格林斯潘都说会因为十年期国债问题而对美国构成危险的盈余,走到了38万亿美元赤字的地步——从盈余变成这样,就是因为太不负责任。我们一边打伊拉克和阿富汗战争,一边两次减税。美国历史上从没试过。事实证明这很愚蠢。
便签引用
1:06:51
Now that crisis has come and due and it's going to force some really tough things on the system and no and we cannot have while also AI is hovering a further concentration of wealth to a very few can't happen because you can't get to the fiscal sensibility you want just talking about cutting not just because of the politics because it's not right and it won't work. So, we're going to have to actually deal with the revenue side as well as the spend side. I gave you a cap, but we have a tax code that everybody on this show, me included, are rewarded for preserving wealth, passing it on. There was a story the other day in the Wall Street Journal 6 weeks ago. Retreats are being organized to help kids figure out how to handle their inheritance.
现在这场危机到期算总账了,它会迫使这个体制面对一些非常艰难的事情。而且我们不能——在人工智能同时逼近的情况下——让财富进一步集中到极少数人手里,这不能发生,因为你想要的财政理性光靠谈削减是达不到的,不只是因为政治原因,还因为那不对,而且行不通。所以,我们要不光要处理支出这一端,还得实实在在地处理收入那一端。我给你设了个上限,但我们的税法——这个节目上的每一个人,包括我在内——都在被奖励去保住财富、把财富传下去。前段时间《华尔街日报》有篇报道,大概六周前。现在有人专门组织务虚会,帮孩子们搞明白怎么打理自己继承来的遗产。
便签引用
1:07:40
>> Yeah, >> you have got to be kidding me. And we have a tax code that favors that. You you get you are an idiot if you don't take advantage of pres of actually preserving your wealth and passing it on for one generation another. And you all know this. We all know it. The step up basis is a way to avoid to all taxes when everybody else is working for a living and can't make monthly pay bills. So it's going to hit everybody and you're going to make some changes. One thing I was uh as most capitalists not concerned with was minimum wage because I just thought well the free market will work that out. And then after watching it raise in cities in the United States and what's going on in New Zealand and the Nordic countries, all of the studies now show when you go to 12 to $20 an hour, there's no difference.
>> 是啊,>> 你这是在开玩笑吧。而我们的税法就是偏袒这种事。你如果不去利用这些手段来保住财富、一代一代往下传,那你就是个傻子。这一点你们都清楚。我们都清楚。计税基础递增(step-up basis)就是一种彻底避税的办法,而与此同时其他所有人都在拼命工作,连每月的账单都付不起。所以这会影响到每一个人,你们就得做出一些改变。有一件事我以前作为大多数资本主义者都不太在意,就是最低工资,因为我当时想,反正自由市场会把它调节好。但后来看到美国一些城市把最低工资提上去,还有新西兰和北欧国家的情况,现在所有研究都表明,当你从12美元涨到20美元一小时,并没有什么差别。
便签引用
1:08:32
Doesn't cause any economic hardship uh for those companies and it doesn't cause unemployment or automation. So what's your take on the federal minimum wage being raised? Three things. I worked with Bill Clinton when we raised it. When Nancy Pelosi and I helped make her a speaker, that was the last time it was raised. It was seven and a quarter. When I was mayor, I raised it. I'm a big believer, not only that, raising the minimum wage. I would raise it and have it go up uh each year as we did in Chicago coupled with a very generous earned income tax credit. That's what makes work pay. So, a minimum wage with a very robust uh earned income tax credit of which I would, if I was magic, you know, waving a magic wand, I would take the earned income tax credit, the per child uh tax deduction and do a single family credit.
这既不会给那些企业造成什么经济上的困难,也不会导致失业或者自动化替代。那么你对提高联邦最低工资怎么看?三点。我跟比尔·克林顿共事的时候,我们提高过一次。南希·佩洛西和我一起帮她当上议长的时候,那是最后一次上调,涨到了7.25美元。我当市长的时候,也提高过。我非常支持,不光是支持提高最低工资,我还会让它像我们在芝加哥做的那样逐年上涨,同时再配上一个非常慷慨的劳动所得税抵免(EITC)。这才是让工作有回报的办法。所以,最低工资加上一个力度很大的劳动所得税抵免——如果我有魔法的话,你懂的,挥一挥魔法棒,我会把劳动所得税抵免、按孩子人数算的税收减免合并成一个单一的家庭抵免。
便签引用
11DSA 是另一个党,十一月见
1:09:20
So, it's all in one thing. >> I think we should talk about DSA DSA before we wrap. >> You know, last weekend in Chicago, the DSA held their convention. You're not Democrats. You're a separate party. I'll see you in November. You're living, you're literally beating Democrats. Forget about it. Not interested in I I spent my whole life Bill Clinton replacing George Bush, Barack Obama competing against John McCain, flipping 31 districts from red congressman to blue congressman so Nancy Pelosi would be a speaker. I am not into turning a blue district midnight blue. It doesn't do anything for minimum wage. It doesn't do anything for universal prek. It doesn't do anything to give 10 million children who didn't have healthcare healthcare.
这样就全都合到一起了。>> 我觉得结束之前我们应该聊聊DSA,聊聊民主社会主义者组织。>> 你知道,上周末在芝加哥,DSA开了他们的代表大会。你们不是民主党人。你们是另一个党。我们十一月见。你们实际上是在打败民主党人。算了吧。没兴趣。我这一辈子都在做什么——帮比尔·克林顿取代乔治·布什,帮巴拉克·奥巴马跟约翰·麦凯恩竞争,把31个选区从红色议员翻成蓝色议员,好让南希·佩洛西当上议长。我可没兴趣把一个蓝色选区变成深蓝色选区。那对���低工资没有任何帮助,对普及学前教育没有任何帮助,对让1000万原本没有医保的孩子拿到医保也没有任何帮助。
便签引用
1:10:07
So, I'm not impressed. You are a separate party. You're the Democratic Socialist of America. I'll see you in November on the ballot. You had a party convention. You are not a Democrat. And there was a person the other day in Tom Edel's party and Tom Metsel's column uh who a justice Democrat part of the DSA network who said they're not interested in beating Republicans. Well, now I appreciate the honesty. I am I think Donald Trump is an existential crisis. You think Barack Obama, Nancy Pelosi or Hakeim Jeff are an existential crisis? I don't. And we have a fundamental strategic difference. We have a fundamental policy difference and we have a fundamental political difference. Go to your own party. Stay there. I'll see you in November.
所以我不觉得有什么了不起。你们是另一个党。你们是美国民主社会主义者。十一月选票上见。你们开了自己的党代会。你们不是民主党人。前几天有个人在汤姆·埃德索尔的专栏里说——他是DSA网络里“正义民主党人”的一员——说他们对打败共和党人不感兴趣。那好吧,我倒挺欣赏这份坦诚。我认为唐纳德·特朗普是关乎生死存亡的危机。你觉得巴拉克·奥巴马、南希·佩洛西或者哈基姆·杰弗里斯是关乎生死存亡的危机吗?我不觉得。我们在战略上有根本分歧,在政策上有根本分歧,在政治上也有根本分歧。回你们自己的党去吧,待在那儿。十一月见。
便签引用
1:10:58
>> There you have it, folks. Over to now with Rahm Emanuel. We will have you back in the coming months and years as you will as this has been amazing and we got to get you on with Chimoth and Sachs next. Thank you so much. >> Thanks guys. >> All right, besties. I think that was another epic [music] discussion. People love the interviews. I could hear him talk for hours. Absolutely. We crushed your questions in a minute. We are giving people ground truth data to [music] underwrite your own opinion.
>> 各位,就是这样。以上就是拉姆·伊曼纽尔的这期节目。未来几个月、几年我们还会再请你回来,因为这期真的太精彩了,下次我们得让你跟查马斯和萨克斯一起上。非常感谢。>> 谢谢大家。>> 好了,各位好兄弟。我觉得这又是一场史诗级的(音乐)对话。大家都特别喜欢这些访谈。我能听他说上好几个小时。绝对的。我们一分钟就把你们的问题全给解决了。我们是在给大家提供真实的一手信息(音乐),让你们自己形成判断。
便签引用
1:11:25
What did you guys think? That was fun. That was great.
你们觉得怎么样?挺有意思的。非常棒。
便签引用
视频总结 · 一句话概括与核心要点

一句话概括

拉姆·伊曼纽尔(Rahm Emanuel)在 All-In 访谈中给出一套「后特朗普」路线:对外用盟友经济集团孤立中国而非单边关税,对内以「尊严法案」解决移民、以教育与研究投入为增长引擎,同时与民主社会主义者(DSA)划清界限。

核心要点

  • 中美两个超级大国都在向世界「出口国内失调」。 伊曼纽尔即将在《华尔街日报》发文称习特峰会为「失调峰会」:中国出口的最大商品不是汽车电子,而是经济失调——针对中国的 WTO 案件比针对其他所有国家的总和还多,中国汽车出口量增而利润下降 20%;美国则在输出政治文化失调,如副总统在德国大选前九天会见 AfD、在英国种族矛盾上火上浇油、攻击卢拉与梅洛尼。他的判断是特朗普「向上谄媚普京与习、向下欺凌中等强国」,背后没有战略,只有不安全感。
  • 对华应对不是关税而是经济集团:「孤立孤立者」。 中国的「双赢」从来是让所有人依赖中国、而中国不依赖任何人(大豆断供转向巴西阿根廷即例证)。他主张把日本、韩国、澳大利亚、台湾、欧盟、拉美和海湾国家聚成一个美国主导的集团,用集团赢得的时间重建被掏空的产业与国防工业基础——只要五年,美国的创业者、风投与 DARPA 体系就能出成果,前提是别让雷神、通用动力和五角大楼把新东西扼杀掉。他批评商界圆桌会议和商会「过度商业化了国家安全」,这笔账两党都有份。
  • 新冠疫苗是中国「学习美国」的样板,而美国正在自废武功。 「曲速行动」12–14 个月造出 90% 以上有效率的疫苗,中国花了 18–19 个月且有效率仅 60% 上下,中国高层私下打辉瑞莫德纳。习据此在生命科学上巨额投入,五年内追平美国。而特朗普每份预算都提议削 NIH 40%,国会最终压到 15%;一款源自 NIH 资助的胰腺癌药物正显示对三四种其他癌症有效。他称 NIH、NSF、DARPA、国家实验室和大学是「王冠上的宝石」,本届政府是在「单方面裁军」。
  • 伊朗战争让白宫成了「只抛一个球的杂耍者」,印太威慑正在实时流失。 中国趁美国陷入霍尔木兹海峡之际对菲律宾大幅升级对抗、在尖阁诸岛周边更具攻击性、在澳大利亚附近潜射实弹导弹。他强调不要等 2027 年,「现在就在发生」;南海比台湾更紧迫,菲律宾是条约盟国、2016 年赢过国际仲裁,美国应把驻菲资源翻倍。台海要为三种剧本同时准备:经济隔离、96 小时速决入侵、蚕食三个近岸小岛——回应分别是「让 96 小时变成 96 天」、靠菲律宾与冲绳链证明封锁不可行、以及提前前置力量。
  • 日本是印太政策的「长杆」,正因公开表态而承受三重胁迫。 冲绳是美军海外最大单一驻地,全球唯一永久驻扎航母之处;美日互为对方连续五年第一大直接投资来源。日本首相公开说台海有事是国安威胁——这是美国 30 年来求之不得的表态——中国随即施以经济、政治、军事三重胁迫。美国干预汇市支持日元他认可,但认为有为美债减压的自利成分,真正缺的是在中俄尖阁演习时到场。
  • 欧洲衰退不是「左派政策」的产物,默克尔出自基民盟。 面对弗里德伯格「欧洲自杀源于左派政策」的说法,他直接反驳:接纳百万叙利亚难民和福岛后关停核电、转向依赖俄气,都是保守派默克尔的决定,「你在历史上是错的」。他承认移民与收入停滞(美国 63% 的人月光)共同搅成一锅,欧洲对失序的反应真实存在;德国每月因中国压力流失 5000–10000 个制造业岗位,本该是美欧联手抗华的机会,而不是去攻击他们的领导人。
  • 移民方案:「法治之国 + 移民之国」,直接背书两党「尊严法案」。 他自述是克林顿时期「守门人行动」等边境执法计划的设计者,主张硬边境、硬执法加上留住最优人才;众议院已有 23 名共和党人和 23 名民主党人联署该法案。他认为最愚蠢的是把领导中国生命科学的那批人「像傻瓜一样赶走」。参照系不是日本(98% 同质社会、370 万移民就自认有移民问题),而是加拿大的积分制与丹麦。他也点名批评本党 2020 年辩论中「给非法越境者免费医保」的举手,称之为价值观层面的愚蠢。
  • 教育是他的核心资本:芝加哥八年从「全美最差」到斯坦福评为「百大最佳」。 毕业率 56%→83%,全天免费学前班,社区大学对 B 均分学生免费,50% 学生带大学学分毕业,并首创「无下一步计划不发文凭」(大学、社区大学、军队或职业学校录取信,达标率 98%)。全国方案:K-12 抓基础与问责、重启教师培训、高中改造为大学与职业衔接、用 ICE 拘留中心 380 亿中的 80 亿现代化 1200 所社区大学、允许高校外籍生比例上限提到 20% 并全额付费以补贴本国学生读三年制学士、家庭收入 20 万以下免费上大学。他反驳弗里德伯格只盯高校行政膨胀的视角:「孩子从三年级就开始辍学」,50% 学生达不到年级阅读水平时,大学学费不是主要问题。
  • 财政与增长五件事,且明确要动税收端。 教育培训、尊严法案、以德州为样板的能源现代化、对预测市场与网络博彩征 3–10% 专项税全部注入 NIH/NSF/DARPA 以翻倍研究经费、把税法从「奖励守财」改为「奖励创富」(点名遗产继承的成本抬升基础)。他把赤字根源追溯到「用两次减税打两场战争」,称在 AI 加剧财富集中的背景下光靠削支出「政治上不通,也不对,也没用」;同时支持提高联邦最低工资并逐年联动,配合把劳动所得税抵免与儿童抵免合并成单一家庭抵免。
  • 对 DSA 划红线:「你们是另一个党,十一月选票上见。」 DSA 上周在芝加哥开大会,他的回应是把蓝区变成「深夜蓝」对最低工资、学前班、一千万儿童医保毫无帮助;引述一位 Justice Democrats 人士自称「不感兴趣打败共和党」,他视特朗普为生存危机,而不认为奥巴马、佩洛西、杰弗里斯是。

结论与值得注意的细节

  • 他自称「最后一个乐观主义者」,相信移民立法仍能达成,关键是白宫领导力,而非特朗普在播客上承诺「每张文凭附绿卡」后又食言。
  • 中东部分:他判断阿联酋、巴林、科威特站队美国,沙特、埃及、巴基斯坦、土耳其、卡塔尔在对冲;伊朗 40 年 400 亿美元的「章鱼」代理人战略正在瓦解,叙利亚新政府与以色列谈安全协议意味着六日战争三方都有了某种解决,且叙利亚可能成为绕开霍尔木兹的能源管道通道。
  • 军事上他承认两党都错过了战场技术转型:伊朗和乌克兰都没有海军却都控制着前线水道,说明美国面对的是两种不同类型的战争。
  • 他两次反驳弗里德伯格的市场化框架(政府补贴推高住房、教育、医疗成本):举退伍军人法案、农业补贴、钻探税收减免为例证政府早已介入这些领域;住房问题的病根在地方分区与审批,他会拿芝加哥法规逐条对标达拉斯、休斯顿、凤凰城,「说不出理由的就扔掉」,而首次购房者市场自 2008 年后 20 年无人解决,需要公私合力。
  • 技能缺口数据:数据中心缺 50–60 万电工,宽带缺 15 万,潜艇造不出是因为缺管道工。他宁愿把 ICE 探员 5 万美元签约奖金转给学木工和电工的人。
  • 全程用词锋利:「国防部对未来没准备好」「这是废话」「系好安全带」,他明显享受与主持人的交锋,并两度以「这是你们的节目」把节奏让回主持人。
核心句型 · 9
1. You can't have X if people think (that) Y.
“You can't have progressive policies if people think that the government can't run and organize a one car parade.”
用条件句把政策目标与公众信任绑定,后半句常用夸张比喻加强。适合表达「前提不成立,目标就免谈」的判断。
2. Is it A or B you don't like most?
“Is it the peace or the prosperity you don't like most?”
分裂句式的反问,把对手的批评压成两个难以否认的好结果,让批评显得站不住。辩论中用于反守为攻。
3. X's largest export is not A. It's B.
“Xi is largest export is not autos electronics. It's the domestic dis economic dysfunction of China.”
先否定常识答案再给出意外答案,制造反转。写观点文开头或演讲金句很好用,B 应比 A 更抽象、更有冲击力。
4. You're not doing X, you're doing Y (a different kind of X).
“You're not fighting two wars, you're fighting two different types of wars”
用「不是……而是……」重新定义问题的性质,Y 通常是 X 的更精确版本。适合纠正对方的归类错误。
5. Is it the X that A would write? No. … But does it achieve the goal? Yeah.
“Is it the bill that Jason would write? No. Is it a bill that Rahm Emanuel would write? No. But does it achieve the goal? Yeah.”
自问自答的排比,先承认不完美再强调有效,是为妥协方案辩护的经典结构。注意短答 No / Yeah 的节奏。
6. It's not either A or B. It's both.
“We shouldn't think it's either software or manufacturing. It's both.”
拒绝二选一框架的简洁句式。前句点明假两难,后句 It's both 单独成句更有力。
7. That's not how you + verb …
“That's not how you beat a country that's three times your size.”
否定对方做法的口语句式,重音落在 not。适合在对方给出方案后直接反驳,后接你的替代方案。
8. If I was X, I would say, "…"
“If I was mayor of Chicago, I would say, "Okay, I'm going to put all our zoning laws … and I'm going to measure them up against Dallas, Houston, and Phoenix."”
虚拟语气加直接引语,把抽象政策变成具体可听的命令。口语中 If I was 比 If I were 更常见。
9. Every X gets judged: what's the A you inherited, what is the A you leave behind.
“Every president gets judged what's the world you inherited what is the world you leave behind.”
用「接手时 / 离开时」的对照句框定评价标准,可迁移到评价 CEO、教练、任何任期制角色。
词汇精讲 · 126 · 按出现顺序
obituary /oʊˈbɪtʃueri/ n. 0:32
讣告;此处自嘲介绍词像在念悼词
kudos /ˈkuːdoʊs/ n. 0:32
赞扬,荣誉(give sb kudos for 因……称赞某人)
affirmative /əˈfɜːrmətɪv/ adj. 1:45
肯定的,积极的(an affirmative view of government 对政府持正面看法)
three-dimensional chess phr. 1:45
三维象棋,比喻同时在多个层面运筹
pivotal /ˈpɪvətl/ adj. 2:45
关键的,枢纽性的
tepid /ˈtepɪd/ adj. 3:54
温吞的,不冷不热的(形容态度、反应不够有力)
income disparity phr. 3:54
收入差距
curtain raiser phr. 5:03
序幕,开场戏;引申为大事件前的预热
op-ed /ˌɑːp ˈed/ n. 5:03
报纸评论版署名文章
dysfunction /dɪsˈfʌŋkʃn/ n. 5:46
失调,功能失常
flat on their back phr. 5:46
一蹶不振,彻底趴下
holding the world hostage phr. 5:46
挟持全世界(hold sb hostage 把……当人质)
exacerbate /ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt/ v. 6:42
使恶化,加剧
punch down phr. v. 6:42
欺负比自己弱的人(与 kiss up 巴结上位者相对)
dumping ground phr. 6:42
垃圾场;倾销地
withstand /wɪðˈstænd/ v. 6:42
抵御,经受住
opened the floodgates phr. 7:45
打开闸门,引发不可收拾的局面
statecraft /ˈsteɪtkræft/ n. 8:25
治国之术(economic statecraft 以经济手段达成外交目标)
enamored /ɪˈnæmərd/ adj. 9:08
迷恋的(be enamored with 沉迷于)
lost sight of phr. 9:08
忽视,看不到
in the toilet phr. 9:51
(俚)糟透了,跌入谷底
hovering around phr. 11:05
徘徊在……附近(数值上下浮动)
dampening /ˈdæmpənɪŋ/ v. 11:05
抑制,削弱
commoditization /kəˌmɑːdətaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 11:56
商品化,同质化(产品失去差异性、只剩价格竞争)
theory of the case phr. 11:56
(法律用语借用)核心逻辑,基本主张
buy into phr. v. 11:56
相信,接受(某种说法)
sovereignty /ˈsɑːvrənti/ n. 13:06
主权
duplicity /duːˈplɪsəti/ n. 13:06
本义两面派;此处指双重备份
latitude /ˈlætɪtuːd/ n. 13:06
回旋余地,自由度
efficacy /ˈefɪkəsi/ n. 13:49
功效(尤指药物、疫苗的有效率)
squander /ˈskwɑːndər/ v. 13:49
挥霍,浪费(机会、资源)
nipping at our heels phr. 14:43
紧追不舍
take a shot at phr. 14:43
抨击,挖苦
crown jewel phr. 15:18
王冠上的明珠,最珍贵的资产
unilateral disarmament phr. 15:18
单方面裁军;比喻自废武功
atrophy /ˈætrəfi/ v. 15:55
萎缩,衰退
flatfooted /ˌflætˈfʊtɪd/ adj. 15:55
措手不及的(catch sb flat-footed)
nurture /ˈnɜːrtʃər/ v. 17:12
培育,扶持
hedging /ˈhedʒɪŋ/ v. 18:39
两边下注,对冲风险
proxies /ˈprɑːksiz/ n. 19:16
代理人(此处指代理人武装)
cornered /ˈkɔːrnərd/ adj. 19:16
被逼入绝境的
headway /ˈhedweɪ/ n. 19:16
进展(make headway on 在……上取得进展)
strategic ambiguity phr. 20:30
战略模糊(美国对台政策术语)
kinetic force phr. 20:30
(军事用语)动能打击,实际武力
Unpack it phr. 21:17
展开讲讲,详细分析
blockade /blɑːˈkeɪd/ n. 21:17
封锁
bog down phr. v. 22:03
陷入泥潭,停滞不前
consumed with phr. 22:46
被……完全占据(心思、精力)
long pole phr. 22:46
帐篷主杆;比喻最关键的支柱
coercion /koʊˈɜːrʒn/ n. 23:45
胁迫(economic coercion 经济胁迫)
backwater /ˈbækwɔːtər/ n. 23:45
死水,偏僻落后之地;此处指后院、内水
quarantine /ˈkwɔːrəntiːn/ n. 24:38
隔离;此处指低于战争门槛的海上封锁
incremental /ˌɪŋkrəˈmentl/ adj. 25:17
渐进的,切香肠式的
one and done phr. 25:17
一次搞定,速战速决
pull it off phr. v. 25:17
成功做成(难事)
deterrence /dɪˈtɜːrəns/ n. 26:16
威慑
courting /ˈkɔːrtɪŋ/ v. 26:16
争取,拉拢
trilateral /ˌtraɪˈlætərəl/ adj. 26:49
三边的
footprint /ˈfʊtprɪnt/ n. 26:49
(军事、业务)存在规模,布局
audacity /ɔːˈdæsəti/ n. 27:42
大胆,胆识
intimidation /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃn/ n. 27:42
恫吓
irreversible decay phr. 28:37
不可逆转的衰败
diluted /daɪˈluːtɪd/ v. 28:37
稀释,冲淡
paycheck to paycheck phr. 30:29
月光,靠每笔工资勉强度日
skewed /skjuːd/ adj. 30:29
倾斜的,有偏向的
robust /roʊˈbʌst/ adj. 31:09
强健的,有韧性的
suffocation /ˌsʌfəˈkeɪʃn/ n. 31:09
窒息;此处比喻自我扼杀
gutted /ˈɡʌtɪd/ v. 32:16
掏空,摧毁核心
broad brush phr. 33:25
一概而论的,粗线条的
meltdown /ˈmeltdaʊn/ n. 33:55
(核)熔毁;(金融)崩盘
disorder /dɪsˈɔːrdər/ n. 35:12
失序,混乱
fixation /fɪkˈseɪʃn/ n. 36:44
执念
emperor wearing no clothes phr. 36:44
皇帝的新衣,虚张声势被看穿
winging it phr. 37:41
即兴发挥,没有准备地应付
adjudicated /əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪtɪd/ v. 38:37
(法庭)裁决
reigged /rɪˈneɡd/ v. 38:37
(应为 reneged)食言,违约(renege on a promise)
Goldilock zone phr. 39:37
(应为 Goldilocks zone)恰到好处的区间
endorsed /ɪnˈdɔːrst/ v. 40:26
公开支持,背书
tilt /tɪlt/ v. 40:26
倾斜,偏向
following through phr. v. 40:26
兑现,贯彻到底
assimilate /əˈsɪməleɪt/ v. 42:13
同化,融入
emulate /ˈemjuleɪt/ v. 42:44
效仿
homogeneous /ˌhoʊməˈdʒiːniəs/ adj. 43:23
同质的
full boat phr. 44:19
(口语)全价,一分不少
underinvested /ˌʌndərɪnˈvestɪd/ v. 44:19
投入不足
rip it apart phr. 45:29
逐条批驳,撕碎
off the bat phr. 46:43
一上来就,立刻
contention /kənˈtenʃn/ n. 46:43
论点,主张
equity stakes phr. 47:41
股权份额
compounding /kəmˈpaʊndɪŋ/ v. 47:41
复利累积
rally up phr. v. 49:01
动员,调动
write off phr. 49:35
税收抵扣(tax write-off)
zoning /ˈzoʊnɪŋ/ n. 50:13
城市分区规划(限定土地用途与建筑密度)
permitting /pərˈmɪtɪŋ/ n. 51:24
许可审批
incentivize /ɪnˈsentɪvaɪz/ v. 52:36
以激励促使
accountability /əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/ n. 54:08
问责
braid /breɪd/ v. 54:08
编织,把多股资源拧在一起
meld /meld/ v. 54:08
融合
dual enrollment phr. 55:04
双注册(高中生同时注册大学课程)
vocational /voʊˈkeɪʃənl/ adj. 55:46
职业培训的
compliance /kəmˈplaɪəns/ n. 55:46
合规,执行率
revamp /ˌriːˈvæmp/ v. 57:17
彻底改造
bloat /bloʊt/ v. 58:31
膨胀,臃肿
fuel for the fire phr. 58:31
火上浇油
cut our nose off despite our face phr. 59:36
(习语 cut off one's nose to spite one's face)为泄愤而损害自身
zoom out phr. v. 1:00:33
拉远视角,从全局看
under their belt phr. 1:01:45
已经拿到手的,已获得的经验或成绩
pipe fitters phr. 1:01:45
管道装配工
reconcile /ˈrekənsaɪl/ v. 1:03:01
调和,使一致
snake oil salesman phr. 1:03:01
卖假药的,江湖骗子
redistribution /ˌriːdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 1:03:01
(财富)再分配
levy /ˈlevi/ n. 1:03:40
征税,税款
abomination /əˌbɑːmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 1:03:40
令人憎恶之物
wealth preservation phr. 1:03:40
财富保值(与 wealth creation 财富创造相对)
backbone /ˈbækboʊn/ n. 1:04:52
支柱,中坚
when push comes to shove phr. 1:05:45
到了关键时刻,真要动真格时
coined /kɔɪnd/ v. 1:05:45
创造(新词、说法)
sloppiness /ˈslɑːpinəs/ n. 1:06:14
松懈,马虎
reckless /ˈrekləs/ adj. 1:06:14
鲁莽的,不计后果的
inheritance /ɪnˈherɪtəns/ n. 1:06:51
遗产
step up basis phr. 1:07:40
计税基础递增(继承资产成本按市价重置的税制安排)
earned income tax credit phr. 1:08:32
劳动所得税抵免(EITC)
waving a magic wand phr. 1:08:32
挥魔法棒,比喻假设能随心所欲
flipping /ˈflɪpɪŋ/ v. 1:09:20
(选举)翻转选区归属
existential crisis phr. 1:10:07
生死存亡的危机
underwrite /ˌʌndərˈraɪt/ v. 1:10:58
承保;此处引申为为自己的判断提供依据
精读便签
下载便签 手机:长按图片也可保存
← 上一期 · NO.204Dan Dreyfus: The Next AI Bottleneck is Copper 下一期 · NO.206 →Satya Nadella on the AI Doomer Slowdown, Microsoft’s Master Plan & Who Wins AI
苏菲周报 · THE WEEKLY 每周一封,
追问一个大问题。
苏菲拉底的每周来信,写这一周在追问的问题和看到的回应。
苏菲拉底
ASK THE BIG QUESTIONS · THINK DEEPLY · SEE THE WORLD DIFFERENTLY
苏菲拉底微信公众号二维码 微信公众号
© 2026 苏菲拉底 · 内容仅供学习 [email protected]