A Process for Finding & Achieving Your Unique Purpose | Robert Greene · 苏菲拉底
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A Process for Finding & Achieving Your Unique Purpose | Robert Greene

节目发布 2023-12-04 · Andrew Huberman
安德鲁·休伯曼 罗伯特·格林
EDITED TRANSCRIPT · 依据现场录音编译整理,可划线生成便签
这场对谈录制于安德鲁·休伯曼在洛杉矶的播客工作室。休伯曼是斯坦福大学医学院神经生物学与眼科教授,客人罗伯特·格林则是《权力的48条法则》《人性的法则》《大师》的作者。两人从「如何找到自己的人生任务」谈起,一路走到权力、诱惑、爱、男性气质、人工智能,最后落在格林二〇一八年那场几乎要了他命的中风上。本文依据现场录音编译整理,只删去口语枝节、寒暄与重复,论点与例证一概保留。

一本改变路径的书

休伯曼: 罗伯特,你能来我真的很高兴。先讲个小故事。二〇一五年,我在加州大学圣迭戈分校教一门四百五十人的大课,叫「健康与疾病中的神经回路」,当时我正准备回斯坦福。每年这门课的最后一讲,我都会花大量时间跟学生问答,聊科学,也聊职业、聊路径。我发现学生们的问题往往不只关于科学,而是关于怎么学习、怎么去搜寻信息。所以我每年都会在课的最后推荐三本书。一本是《经度》,讲海上计时装置发明的精彩故事。一本我本来想留个悬念,但也没什么可神秘的,是《神经科学原理》,对大多数人来说它更适合当门挡,但它确实是了解神经科学的绝佳资源。第三本,就是你的《大师》。

格林: 那本书我不知道。

休伯曼: 我推荐《大师》,是因为这些学生马上就要走进本科之后那片巨大的丛林。对我个人而言,《大师》是一本彻底改变人生的书。它教会我怎么向别人学习,怎么去预期一个人把自己交给某位导师之后会遇到什么样的互动,反过来也一样。它还谈到一些我们今天会深入聊的东西,其中最重要的,是辨认出每个人身上都存在的那颗独特的种子,那颗能指引我们做出最好决定、找到自己使命的种子。我通常会在结尾表达谢意,今天我大概还会再说一遍,但我想先把这份谢意放在开头:《大师》改变了我的整个人生。在很多意义上,如果没有《大师》,这档播客大概不会存在,因为它在我心里种下了一个念头:我们每个人都有一个更深的目的,而且它讲清楚了该怎么去找到它。

说完这些,我就顺势问第一个问题,我相信大家的耳朵都竖起来了:一个人到底怎么找到自己的目的?能不能讲讲,找到自己的目的究竟意味着什么,以及童年早期的经历怎样向我们透露线索?

格林: 谢谢你这段了不起的介绍,我都快脸红了,那是个很棒的故事。

做人是不容易的,跟动物不一样。我们生下来,没有谁给我们一个方向。父母也许会给一点,大学老师、导师会给一点,但总体上我们是靠自己,这是个极其艰难的过程。你早上醒来,其实并不知道自己能做什么,面前摆着十二条不同的路,令人困惑,令人不知所措。

而当你找到那种目的感,找到我所说的「人生任务」(life's task)时,一切都有了方向,一切都有了意义,你的能量被聚拢起来。这并不是说你从此走进一条狭窄的单行道,不是说生活变得无聊,只剩下自律和解题。恰恰相反,这是一个人能碰上的最令人兴奋的事,因为你再也不会有那种迷失的感觉。你早上醒来,心里清楚:这就是我今天要完成的事。各种各样的干扰、无聊又恼人的东西朝你扑过来,你有能力把它们剪掉。它就是你能拥有的最美妙的一台内部雷达。

所以我是真心希望每个人都能装上这台雷达。但这不容易,我明白这一点。没有速成公式。我们这个时代满脑子都是速成公式,可这件事就是难,我要你先知道这一点。不是罗伯特能在三分钟内给你答案,我给不了。但确实有一个过程,它并不神秘,你可以沿着一条很明确的路走下去。

你刚才提到童年。我喜欢这样来框定它:你出生的那一刻,你就是一个奇迹。你是独一无二的。你的 DNA 在过去几十亿年的宇宙史里从未出现过,将来也永远不会再出现。你和父母之间的生命经验,你早年乃至此后经历的一切,都是独属于你的,绝无第二份。这就是你的力量之源。把它浪费掉,是你这辈子能做的最糟糕的事。所谓力量,就是找到那份独特性,找到是什么让你成为你,然后一路挖下去,深入下去,用它去造出一条属于自己的路。

冲动的小声音

格林: 我跟人说,你四五岁甚至更小的时候,身上有伟大的心理学家马斯洛所说的「冲动之声」(impulse voices)。你脑子里有一些小小的声音在说:我爱这个,我讨厌那个;我喜欢这种食物,我不喜欢妈妈那样动,我喜欢爸爸从这边过来。你对自己是谁、喜欢什么、不喜欢什么,极为敏感,这些声音会把你往某些方向推。年纪很小的时候,它们也会把你推向某些智识上的方向。

这里我要向所有人推荐一本书,霍华德·加德纳的《心智的架构》(Frames of Mind),它对我帮助极大。他谈的是五种形式的智能。我们的问题在于,一说智能,想到的几乎都是智识层面的东西,其实智能有很多种:有和词语相关的智能,有跟模式和数学相关的抽象智能,有跟身体相关的动觉智能,有社交智能,他一共列了五种。关键在于,你的大脑天然会偏向其中一种,有时会偏向两种,这也常见,但一般来说总有一种占主导。这就像你脑子里的木纹,它朝着某个方向长。你要顺着这道纹路走,因为你的力量就在那里。

所以,年轻的时候,如果你回头想想自己四五岁的样子,也许能看见某个方向,或者某个在你体内推着你往前走的声音。对我来说,那就是词语。我记得六岁的时候,我对词语着迷到了近乎精神分裂的地步,对字母本身、对单词本身都着迷。我把单词倒着拼,把它们拆开,玩变位词,我喜欢回文。我对语言有一种很原始的迷恋。

别人也一样。爱因斯坦四岁生日时,父亲送了他一只指南针,他完全被那只指南针迷住了:宇宙里居然存在看不见的力,在推动这根指针。他从此迷上了「看不见的力」这个念头。史蒂夫·乔布斯七八岁甚至更小的时候,在加州伯林盖姆,跟父亲路过一家橱窗里摆着电子器件的店,他被那些器件的造型、那些玻璃管彻底催眠了,他要往那个方向去。老虎伍兹在车库里看见父亲挥杆打球,兴奋得尖叫,他非做这件事不可。这样的例子我可以举一百万个。当然,这些都是后来出名的人,回头去找当然容易一些。

休伯曼: 请继续,别停。

格林: 那么问题来了。你七岁了,年纪渐长,你开始听不见那个声音了。你听见的是老师的声音,告诉你你这科不行,你得把数学补上来,你不该对这些运动感兴趣,你应该往那个方向走。你的父母开始告诉你他们希望你从事什么职业、往哪个方向走。你听见的这些,越来越盖过你自己的声音。年纪越大越糟。到了青春期,一切都变成了别人在做什么,同龄人在做什么,什么叫酷,什么叫不酷。所有这些噪音涌进你的脑子,你再也听不见自己了,你不知道自己是谁。

于是你上大学,可能挑了一个看起来实用的、父母希望你读的专业,也可能就那么晃荡着,始终不确定。然后你带着一片空白的内部雷达走进职场,兄弟,你就迷路了。我该往哪儿走?我得挣钱吧。于是你依据「要挣很多钱」这个需要做了选择。不是所有人,但确实有人这样。我理解这种需要,我们都得养活自己。但这可能把你送上一条很坏的路,因为你和它没有情感上的连接。

这就是关键:当你摸清楚了自己体内那种原始的倾向,那道木纹,你才会有能量去自律,去熬过枯燥的环节,去学习。而且你学得更快,因为你的情感投入进去了。当你对一个主题有情感投入时,大脑的学习速度是不投入时的两倍、三倍、四倍。

我常举自己的例子。大学里我学外语,那算是我的一项热情,我学了三四年法语。然后我去了巴黎,一个字都说不出来,毫无用处,学校教的那些根本不实用,我完全懵了。可我在巴黎,我爱那个地方,我想住下来,我有个女朋友,我必须用法语跟她说话。我可以告诉你,那一个月里我学到的东西比大学四年多得多。因为我想学,因为我投入了,我的情感在场,那几乎是「为了活下去必须学会法语」。而大多数时候,我们并没有学某个科目的真实需要,我们只投入了一半的注意力。当你找到那件真正跟你相连的事,你的注意力是深的,你的情感在场,你的学习速度完全不同。

休伯曼: 那年纪大了之后怎么办?

格林: 二十一岁的时候,我能帮上不少忙,通常也不算太难,我们可以一步步走那个过程。三十岁、已经晃荡了好些年的时候,就更难了,但并非不可能。老实说,我自己是到三十八九岁才真正找到确切的路,所以是有希望的。到了四十岁、五十岁,就越来越难。如果你把我说的那颗独特的种子浪费掉了,那是很可悲的事。我告诉人们,有办法往回走,我们像考古一样,挖啊挖,把童年时那些指示着你命定要做什么的骨头挖出来。

而一旦你找到自己的人生任务,一切都会打开。这不是说你搞清楚了「我二十八岁时必须拿到某个特定职位」,事情不是这么运作的。它给你的是方向感。你可以尝试不同的东西,可以试验,二十几岁的时候可以玩得很开心,你会学到技能,但它给了你一个总体框架。否则就只有混乱:社交媒体、互联网、我可以去这儿去那儿去那儿,你在海上迷航。它给你的是一种极其重要的方向感,一个指南针。

两栖动物的比喻

休伯曼: 你这么一说,我脑子里冒出一个画面。你提到动物,动物大概在生态位上没有太多灵活性。我想象的过程是这样:作为人,我们被扔进一个环境,这里只是打个比方,我们其实并不知道自己是水生动物、陆生动物、鸟类,还是两栖类。选错了,比如一只两栖动物非要去飞,我相信动物界里真有这种事,那就不只是浪费时间,很可能是致命的。我不想把「找不到目的」说得太戏剧化,但我确实这么看。反过来,找到目的的过程也许就是意识到:啊,我是两栖类,我能进出水中,而我周围一大群生物到了水边就停下了,这很酷;还有那些会飞的家伙,它们其实下不了水,有些能贴着水面,能扎个猛子,但它们做不到我能做的事。

所以这个自我发现的过程,听上去是把选择收缩到整片图景里的一个楔形区域。对我自己来说,读完《大师》之后,它帮我回想起一些非常早期的种子情绪,那是身体里一种非常明确的感受。

格林: 能描述一下吗?

休伯曼: 我尽量不说得太具体、太个人化。小时候我爱动植物,爱学生物,这不奇怪。但特别是动物,以及它们如何运动,还有鱼。我第一次走进一家像样的水族店,第一次去浮潜,那种感觉就是「哇」。甚至现在描述它的时候,我的身体都会有反应,我在左臂上感觉到它,说来也怪。而且它带着一种「必须对此做点什么」的意味。不只是我在观看这些让我愉悦的东西,而是我体内被激活了一种状态:我得拿它做点什么。通常是告诉所有人,直到他们不肯再听为止。但也常常是把它们画下来,想它们。我就是单纯地为它们高兴,那是一口不断涌出的快乐之泉。

这类种子还有几颗,都在动植物、学习动物和生物学、包括人这种动物的范围里。还有一件事让我极其满足,就是把信息组织起来,那对我几乎像一种药。所以对我来说这就是永恒的生命之泉。二〇一五年我教那门课的时候,我爱那门课,但我在科研生涯里有点迷失,然后我读了《大师》,我意识到:是的,我爱运行一间实验室,我爱教书,但对我来说还有别的东西。那东西跟播客无关,我当时根本没想过做播客,我在听播客,但我不上社交媒体,完全没有做播客的念头。我想要的,是把那种感觉的所有形态都集齐。这就是目标:让那种感觉以尽可能多的形式出现。

格林: 这说得太准确了。因为我讲的那种连接不是智识上的,它是内脏的、情感的、身体的,你在身体里感觉到它。当你在做那件事的时候,它就在你的高度上,你是在顺流而游,你感觉得到,一切都容易,一切咔咔到位。会有快乐。当然不是每一刻都令人愉快,会有沉闷,会有无聊的时刻,但你能顶住那些无聊的时刻,因为你感觉到那个深层的总体连接。所以,对,这正是我说的东西。

对我来说也有点类似。除了词语,我小时候还迷恋一件事:早期人类祖先。别问我为什么,我就是对几百万年前的祖先着迷,着迷于我们怎么可能从那里一路走到六七十年代有汽车的世界,走到今天。八岁时我写过一个短篇,从一只秃鹫的视角写它看着最早的人类在这颗星球上出现。我敢肯定那篇东西糟糕透顶。可奇怪的是,我现在正在写一本新书,我在书里做的全部事情就是钻进早期人类里去,我觉得自己又变回了小孩,兴奋,快乐。所以你的故事我特别有共鸣。

恨也能指路

休伯曼: 你提到五种智能,或者说你说的心智架构。我很清楚自己偏向智识型的兴趣,尽管正如你所说,那种兴奋和快乐是内脏层面的,而行动最终是身体的:你得画、得说、得写书,才能把那种兴奋转化成对别人来说真实的东西。对于那些不那么偏智识、而是偏动觉的人,我只能去想象那是什么感觉。我不算完全不协调,但我大概没有动觉层面的天赋。不过有一位听众跟我说,他是「用感觉在思考」,他真的把思想体验为一片身体感受的拼布,对他来说思想不是脖子以上的东西,只在脖子以下。我觉得这特别有意思。

我说这些是因为,正如你指出的,基于独特的 DNA 和经历,取向有无穷多种。你觉得这些种子、这道木纹的方向从何而来?一部分当然是天性,是 DNA。但我们一直在把它当作某种令人兴奋、鼓舞、愉悦的东西在谈。会不会反过来?会不会一个人童年在智识环境里有过很糟的经历,于是决定「我要走身体这条路,身体的事让我舒服,智识的事让我难受」?我们究竟是通过认出自己所爱,还是通过认出自己所恨,被引向自己的目的?还是两者都有用?

格林: 两者都非常非常有用。智能里有很大一部分是非语言的,我们用图像思考,我们深深被他人的情绪感染。比如我母亲对历史极感兴趣,她痴迷历史,我大概是吸收了她对历史的兴趣。我不认为存在一个负责「对历史感兴趣」的基因。所以你也会从父母身上吸收东西,不全是遗传。

至于你恨的东西,它会起很大作用。但用它有个问题:假如你在小学,他们逼着你学数学,而你恨它,那往往会让你对学习这件事整个倒胃口。你会想,我不想学,我不想自律,我不想熬过任何过程,因为那很痛苦,不会通向任何地方,那不是我,全是挫败。它让你厌恶学习本身。

所以对一个孩子来说,尽早拥有「爱」的体验极其重要,这样他们才知道自己恨的是什么、为什么恨,然后他们可以反叛,可以一头扎进那个领域。否则就变成了「我恨学习,我恨自律,我恨读书,我恨反复尝试」。如果你是动觉取向的人,这一点我懂,因为我热爱运动,你必须练,你不可能一上手就很棒,那需要你爱它。可如果你的数学经验教会你「我恨学习」,这种恨会迁移到运动上,你会开始恨一切形式的自律。所以家长必须让孩子至少尝到「爱」的那一闪。

我自己的例子是:大学毕业进入职场,我得找份工作,我进了新闻业,我恨它。我恨给别人打工,我恨办公室政治,我恨那些自我,我恨那种油滑,我恨质量的缺席,一切都只是为了赚钱、把东西赶出去。后来我进了好莱坞,我恨好莱坞,我恨在好莱坞工作。这些恨很大程度上塑造了我,把我推上了后来那条路。但前提是,我已经知道自己想成为一个写作者。所以关键在于,光有恨不行,恨可以塑造你,但同时必须有对某样东西的深沉的爱,而且那爱要以某种方式扎根在你身上。

挫折是一个信号

休伯曼: 你刚才说的这点很关键:能量和动机可以来自两个方向,对某物的渴望,或者对逃离某物的渴望。而你之前讲到我们对那些情感上搅动我们的东西投入得更深,这在神经科学上也说得通:只有某些神经化学物质在脑和身体里释放出来,大脑才有理由改变。如果你没感到焦躁不安,而且你想做的事都能做到,你的大脑当然不会改变,它为什么要改变?那种焦躁本身,就是那些神经化学物质在说:嘿,情况不一样了,你可能需要做点不同的事,包括重新给自己布线。而这既可以来自正面经验,也可以来自负面经验。

我一直很着迷「能量」这个概念。我们都想要更多能量和专注。平常我们在热量的语境里听到能量:该吃什么、什么时候吃、吃多少,还要睡够。但你说的其实是神经层面的能量,是那个随时准备被调动起来的自己,而它需要正确的「经验层面的宏量营养素」。当然我们也需要好的营养,但那是必要而不充分的。

那么我想问,我们不少听众已经成年,从二十几岁往上,成年之后那些让我们兴奋、让我们生出一种准备就绪感、抓住我们注意力的事物,是否依然能为我们关于人生和人生目的的决定提供指引?

格林: 你说的兴奋具体指什么?因为有些东西会以一种很快的方式让你兴奋,比如你需要释放某种紧张,那是娱乐,是能立刻满足你的东西。另一种是更大的图景,是能在未来许多年里给你充实感的东西。年纪大了以后你依然能感觉到它,你可以留意它。但很多时候,我们把太多注意力放在生活中即时的快感上,放在即时满足上,我们抓的是那个。

我说的是一个更深的过程,涉及我讲的那种挖掘,比「我喜欢这个、我不喜欢那个」要深,它是更宏观的东西。所以不管你二十几、三十几还是四十几岁,你都要留意自己。当今世界的人的问题在于,你不留意自己,你不在自己的脑子里,你听不见那些声音,听不见自己爱什么、喜欢什么,因为有太多干扰。你总是在调准别人喜欢什么,因为你在社交媒体上:大家在关注这个,大家对这个感兴趣。而不是抽身退出来,看看自己,然后说,那其实不是我,我其实不喜欢那个。

你说的这一点我觉得非常深刻:挫折感和焦虑的水平是明确的信号,你必须留意它们。它们在告诉你,这个方向对你不好,这件事对你是浪费时间。总的来说,我告诉人们,自我觉察,能听见那些声音,能明白你的挫折感在向你传递信息,这是一切的钥匙。有时候你不理解它,只是顺着它行动了;但真正理解自己为什么挫折,为什么不喜欢自己的职业,为什么对现在的去向不满意,才是一切的钥匙。它会打开局面,甚至在你三十几岁时把你带回童年的那种倾向。而如果你听不出这些情绪从何而来,它们就是无用的,它们什么也没教给你。

青春期之前的信号

休伯曼: 所以听上去,目标之一是进行一种我姑且称为「未经掺杂的自我参照」的活动。之所以说未经掺杂,是因为你说的那些童年阶段发生在青春期之前。我觉得这一点很重要。作为一个从发育神经生物学起家的神经生物学家,我可以告诉你,青春期是大脑一生中最深刻的一次改造,这一点毫无疑问。青春期之后一切都不同了,因为大量新的关系性动力变得可见,而我们也有可能卷入其中。

格林: 荷尔蒙突然汹涌起来。

休伯曼: 荷尔蒙在那里,而且改变的不只是我们看世界的方式,还有世界看我们的方式。不只是通过性的透镜,还包括:别人期待我们有什么能力,我们该为什么负责、不必为什么负责,以及我们的学习能力。青春期也是我们一生中衰老最快的阶段。那些暑假回家、开学回来就开始刮胡子的孩子,我想我们都记得那样的同学。我不算晚熟,但我的青春期拖得很长。总之,一切都变了。所以我认为,在青春期之前,你说的那些愉悦的种子、抗拒的种子是未经掺杂的,它们没有被他人的声音和期待污染。因此我能理解,成年后要伸手回去够到它们有多难。

我想知道这是不是和你谈过的另一个题目有关,这个题目你公开讨论得不如其他话题多,就是真崇高与伪崇高。能不能给我们定义一下,什么是崇高,什么是崇高体验,以及真崇高与伪崇高的区别?我觉得这跟找到那颗种子有关,都是在寻找我们体内真实的种子,而不是被那些会让人分心、误导人的情绪牵走。

格林: 哇,我从没想过这个联系,而这正是我现在正在写的书,谢谢你。我得好好想想。我在写一本关于崇高的书。

我一般喜欢用一个比喻。这个比喻是:作为一个人,作为一个生活在特定文化里的社会性的人,意味着你活在一个圆圈里面。那个时代的圆圈由种种成规构成:什么样的思维是可接受的,什么样的观念是可接受的,什么样的行为是可接受的。你在精神上能走到哪里,在身体上能走到哪里,所有这些编码和惯例。古埃及的圆圈和二十一世纪美国的圆圈显然差别巨大,但它是同一个圆圈,同一种限制。你不该走到它外面去,有些念头、有些经验、有些行为你不该有。

崇高,就是紧挨在那个圆圈外面的东西。sublime 这个词的来源是「在门槛之上」。这里有一道门,崇高就字面意义地站在门槛上,你正往外看,看见了别的什么东西。最典型的崇高体验,就是濒死体验:你站在死亡本身的门槛上。

在书里我要描绘各种各样的崇高体验:关于宇宙的,关于「活着」这件事本身的。仅仅是活着,就是你可能有的最奇怪的感受。中风之后我对此有非常切身的体会。我写了一章童年,写你自己的童年有多崇高。我写动物,写我们与动物的关系。我有一章写大脑,一章写爱。我现在正在写一章关于历史的。

我想说的是,人类大脑天生就为这类体验布好了线,为那些把我们带出我们所居住的狭小领域的超越性体验布好了线。因为我们知道自己会死,我们是唯一真正意识到自身必死性的动物,这件事把我们吓坏了。而能看见某种比生活中那些平庸部分更大的东西,就是一道门,它让我们能超越此刻,感到自己与更大的东西相连,与宇宙中的某种力量相连,与演化本身相连。我们天生就为此而设。我现在正在写四万年前的那一章,我认为崇高就诞生在那一刻,我正试着用旧石器时代晚期的祖先把这个故事讲出来。

所以它深植在我们体内,我们需要它,我们非有不可。但在二十一世纪,我们通往它的真实通道极少。宗教曾经是通向它的主要方式。正因为这种需要如此之深,我们才去抓那些伪崇高的形式,它们给你一种「我正在超越」的感觉,其实完全不是。因为崇高必须从内部来,它是你在自己的心智里、在自己的经验里生成的体验。伪崇高来自外部:来自毒品,来自酒精,来自购物,来自网上的愤怒,来自加入某项事业、把你所有的攻击性和暴力一股脑倾泻出去,来自各种运动,来自成瘾。它给你一种感觉,让你平静下来,让你觉得除了那份你已经厌倦的工作之外,生活里还有别的什么在发生。但它不真实,不持久,它是假的,是幻觉,它没有建立在任何真实的东西上,它没有连上人性中为这类体验布好线的那个深层部分。

结果就是你必须要更多、更多、更多。你需要更猛的刺激,更多的毒品,更多的酒精,更多的性,更多的色情,而它永远不会让你满足。但真正的崇高不是这样,它是变形性的,你一旦感受过,它会伴随你余生。这就是马斯洛说的「高峰体验」。这就是真崇高与伪崇高的区别。我还没完全把它和你说的接上,但我想想,我觉得你说到了很有意思的点上。

休伯曼: 我想画的那条联系是:我早年看见那些让我愉悦的事物时,那个念头大概是「天哪,居然有这种东西存在,这太酷了,这是最酷的事」,它显然在我体内造出一种激活状态。但同时还有一个念头和一种感觉,那多半是前语言的,不是真的前语言,我那时会说话了,但那感觉是:那是属于我的,而我也属于它,这里有一个连接。接着是:我得为这件事做点什么。身体里被造出的激活状态是:我得多了解它,我得告诉别人,我得想这件事,我得再找更多这样的例子,看看它们是不是都这样。

所以它确实符合崇高体验的一部分标准。而且我在读研究生的时候,以及后来做年轻教授、快要拿到终身教职的时候,我知道自己要去做一件不一样的事。那就像我站在某个东西的门槛上,我不知道下一件事是什么,但我能信任它,因为有那个早年的经验垫底。就像我知道我是两栖类,这是我的环境;而你也是两栖类,我们是不同的两栖类,但我们可以一起做两栖类。

而且它有一种恒久性,似乎超越了时间。我对时间知觉很着迷,所以我得小心别跑题。人脑切分时间的能力,无论是切成微秒还是切成大块,都极其惊人。有一些东西,不只是成瘾,还包括和有毒的人的互动,它们会谋杀时间。我记得好像是荣格说过,大意是:成瘾行为、成瘾的思维模式、成瘾物质,都是人类谋杀时间的企图,好让自己不必面对必死性。这话我一直觉得很有道理。

格林: 我们的说法是「杀时间」。

休伯曼: 通过被动的参与来杀时间,也通过让自己被某种体验或某种物质淹没、接管来杀时间。而当你真正接上了,你会进入心流,三个小时过去,你毫无察觉。

格林: 所以时间完全是主观体验。它可以极其缓慢、极其沉闷,让你非常抑郁;它也可以飞快地过去,而且你根本不会注意到,那是一种奇妙的体验。当我深深沉在写作里,我不会意识到时间在走,我太投入、太沉浸了,那是一种极深的、愉悦的时间体验。那是崇高的。所以我同意你的说法,我觉得你的区分很有意思。

休伯曼: 我很期待你的下一本书,但我们不催你。

格林: 我沉浸得太深了,我可以聊上几个小时。书里还有一章我称之为「守护神」(daemon),就是你体内那个对你说话的声音。我整章都在写,连上那个声音的时候有多崇高。所以你完全说中了,这本书跟《大师》之间确实有很深的联系,就在我正在写的那一章里。

权力是一种原始需要

休伯曼: 我想稍微转一下话题,谈谈你写了很多的另一个主题:权力。不只是权力,还有诱惑。你也写过如何找到自己的目的。告诉我我自己擅自搭起来的这个框架准不准确,如果不准,我希望是以某种有意思的方式不准。

在我看来,权力是一种资源,它就在那里,可以用,也可以不用。诱惑则是个体之间的一种交换形式,它带着动词的性质。权力在这个语境里我更想当名词看。至于目的,是关于你要把权力、诱惑以及其他让人与人得以互动的力量,用到什么样的目的上去。

我们先谈权力这种可以用不同方式表达和获取的资源。因为一听到「权力」这个词,很多人大概会绷紧:来了,有人要来支配我了,这是操纵。但我很早就发现,每一项事业里都有权力动力学。有导师和学生,两边都有权力。亲密关系里有权力交换,有「是」,有「不」,有「也许」,有明契约,也有暗契约。明契约是:我愿意做这个,因为我想做;你愿意做那个,因为你想做,很好。暗契约是:我做那件事不觉得安全,那我就从这段互动里偷偷拿走一点你没意识到的东西,好缓解我的危险感,给自己一种安全的幻觉。种种复杂的人类动力,都源于我们长了一个能做这些体操动作的前脑。

所以我们先简单地问:在人际关系的层面上,你怎么给权力下一个功能性的定义?以及,你为什么认为权力对一切关系都如此根本?我最想问的是后者:为什么它如此根本,为什么不能是别的东西?

格林: 我定义权力的方式,是尽量把它从大多数人所持的、你刚才提到的那种负面语境里拉出来,把它带回某种非常原始、非常本能的东西,带回人这种生物的布线方式。

「我对自己所处的环境毫无控制力」,这种感觉在最早的年代里字面上就是指环境、野兽、自然、气候。而如今,「我对自己的职业没有控制力,对孩子没有,对父母没有」,这种感觉是极其难受的,它逼着我们以某些方式行动:要么去找正面的获取权力的方式,要么去做你说的那种隐蔽的方式,也就是传统上说的被动攻击。所以,想对身边的环境和眼前的事件拥有一定程度的控制,这是深深布在我们体内的。我们永远不可能拥有完全的控制,而且「完全控制」这个念头是荒唐的,真实现了反倒很丑陋,因为你需要有一定程度的放手,让境遇自己找上门来。

所以,在与人相处、在关系里,你希望自己能影响他们,能把他们往某个方向推:让他们爱你、对你更好,或者让他们停止那些恼人的行为,或者,如果那是你的孩子,让他们清醒过来去做点有成效的事。你希望自己有能力影响人,把他们往某个方向推,或为了你的利益,或为了他们的利益。一旦你有了这种需要,而且史上每一个活过的人都有这种需要。我们常常认不出它,因为我们为此难为情,我们为自己对权力的渴望、对控制的需要感到难为情,但每个人都有。

这事不容易,因为人是复杂的。你对儿子说「去做这个」,他会去做相反的事,或者做点别的。你不可能靠直白地告诉别人「你得这么做」就把人推向某个方向,那只会制造怨恨,制造敌人。他们可能嘴上说「是是,爸爸」「是的,老公,我照你说的办」,但心底里会抵抗你。人是狡猾的,他们戴面具,嘴上一套做的一套,他们有自己的自我;你可能无意中伤了他们的自我,或者在某处绊了他们一下,于是他们以你意想不到的方式反应。

所以权力是笼罩整个社会的一片看不见的领域,人们在其中不断彼此角力、挣扎,可没有人谈论它,没有人把它挑明,没有人说「我正想做的就是这个」。于是你走进社交世界和职场世界时,根本没料到这些战斗。没人教过你,没人训练过你,你的父母不训练你,谁都不训练你。你犯错,然后你发现人有多么政治化。如果你是鲨鱼型的人,而这种人占一定比例,你会发现:哇,我可以骗人,我可以操纵他们,我可以得到我想要的,我可以假装爱他们,他们就会上钩,我还能做别的一堆事。但对我们这百分之九十五不是鲨鱼的人来说,我把自己也算在里面,突然走进那个世界,看见那些看不见的权力游戏,是非常让人不安的,而且没有人给过你任何建议和帮助。

所以把它从「这不过是想支配世界、操纵、剥削、虐待」的范畴里拿出来吧。这是你体内的一样东西,你有这个需要;你压制它,它只会以被动的方式冒出来,而你将无法掌控某些事。如果你想推动人,如果你想让他们追随你的想法,如果你想让他们更认同你的政治主张或你的观念,你必须微妙,必须学心理学,必须学会怎么在对方几乎察觉不到的情况下把他们往某个方向移动,这就是诱惑的艺术。如果你对此毫无兴趣,只想告诉别人你怎么想、你要干什么,那就意味着你对实际行动不感兴趣,对结果不感兴趣,你只对发泄自己的挫折和愤怒感兴趣。

所以,学会权力那些细微的动力学是极其必要的,因为我们是社会性动物。这并不意味着你会弄脏自己,会突然跑出去把所有人玩弄一番。《权力的48条法则》里大部分内容其实讲的是防御:怎么防住外面那些鲨鱼,怎么避免那些经典错误,比如盖过主人的风头,比如话说得太多,比如跟人争辩而不是演示自己的想法,等等等等。它不是件丑陋的事,它反而让你成为一个更好的社会人。我喜欢这样来框定它。

找到自己的那格位置

休伯曼: 很有意思。我小时候,弄清楚自己在朋友圈里处在什么位置,对我非常重要。我并不太把它想成一个等级;后来做学术研究时,我也没把它当作等级,尽管它显然就是。我的目标是弄清楚哪一格是我独有的位置,在那里我能为自己和别人做最多的好事。我不想说「在架子上的位置」,那给人一种纵向的印象。我们把它放平,在一群拥有不同长处、不同人生目的、都在摸索的人里面横向排布,我该在哪儿,才能表达出那个东西,同时又与别人相连。

听你这么一答我才意识到,为了做到这一点,我确实必须弄清楚:谁在试图支配谁,谁假装不想要权力其实一直在施加权力。而当一个人知道自己站在正确的位置上,无论是在职业上、在人际上、在与自己的关系上,还是在同侪群体的语境里,那种感觉是不可思议的,就是「这里就是我该在的地方」。因为如果一个人想要获得的权力,指向的位置根本不适合他,或者获取的方式根本不适合他,那在能量上代价太高了,坦白说就是浪费一生。

格林: 对。

休伯曼: 单纯为了拥有资源而聚拢资源,好制造出一种权力的幻觉,然后又怕失去它们,这听上去是通往痛苦的配方。反过来,弄清楚「我在哪里最有力量」,那种善意的力量,这才像是值得追求的事。

格林: 这又接回了《大师》和人生目的。我年轻时就知道自己没法施展身体上的力量,因为我是个瘦小的家伙。我没被霸凌,但人们会拿我开涮。于是我转向智识上的追求,在那里我可以拥有力量。最后你会说:你也许是个运动健将,高中过得很风光,哈哈,可是看看我现在。我不是说这是件多美的事,但这就是人性的一部分:想要证明自己,想要找到你所属的那个生态位,好摆脱那种自卑感,阿德勒对这一点有非常精彩的描述。所以很大一部分是在童年为自己的弱点做补偿,去找到那件你极其擅长、能带来力量、别人再也没法霸凌你的事。你现在是个著名的神经科学家,而他们,谁知道他们在干什么呢。

所以权力确实在某种意义上连着你内心对「我命定要做什么」的感知,你会从那种轻松感和连接感里感觉到它。我可以老实说,正因为我厌恶给别人打工、厌恶办公室政治和那些自我,我现在过上了一种完全不必和这些打交道的生活。我太幸运了。我每天早上醒来都感谢上帝,谢天谢地我找到了它,因为这是最适合我的生活方式。

休伯曼: 你可以被准确地形容为一头智识上的野兽,这是恭维。我们听到「野兽」这个词,会想到凶猛的、伤害别人的野兽。

格林: 我很乐意当野兽。

休伯曼: 所以我觉得,找到我们能当野兽的地方,对有些人来说是绘画,是园艺,或者别的什么,这又绕回了对大师之路的追寻。

诱惑与脆弱

休伯曼: 「诱惑」也是个包袱很重的词,比权力还要难听。诱惑这个词滴着一层意思:有人在骗另一个人去做他本来不愿做的事。但诱惑,无论是我们施加它的倾向还是被它施加的倾向,都是硬布在我们神经系统里的,跟下丘脑以及其他一堆我不打算用术语来烦大家的脑区大有关系。在我看来,诱惑意味着某种交换。我们或许可以通过否认或自我说服来诱惑自己,但更多时候,谈到诱惑,我们说的是两个或更多人之间的互动。那么诱惑的核心原则有哪些?如果你愿意扮一下人类学家和神经科学家,我也想请你谈谈:你觉得我们脑中为什么会有让我们能够诱惑、也能被诱惑的神经回路?

格林: 我不知道自己是不是在这儿当扶手椅上的知识分子。我的理论是,一部分要回到史前久远的社会事件,跟禁忌有关。社会最初就是由一系列禁忌组织起来的,其中最著名的是乱伦禁忌。这不只是我的理论,是马林诺夫斯基的理论:一个禁忌进入人脑的那一刻,比如「你不该和这个女人上床」,你体内就会升起真的想和那个女人上床的欲望。那个「不」,那种「这是被禁止的」的感觉,会搅动欲望,搅动人身上那些逆反的冲动。人可以是非常乖张的生物。

如果你试过压制一个念头,你会发现它不断冒出来,你压不住。安德鲁,你千万别想大象,无论如何别想大象。你现在想的就是它,你控制不了。「你不该欲望这个人」这个念头,反而搅起了真实的欲望。所以我相信,「禁忌」和「越界」的感觉,是我们对诱惑的渴望的终极源头。

但诱惑牵涉脆弱,它牵涉某个人进到你里面,钻到你皮肤底下。要做到这一点,我们得先放他进来。所以被诱惑的人在某种程度上是共谋的,因为如果你干脆筑起一道墙,说「不,我不会被诱惑」,那就什么也不会发生。你有一处脆弱,你把那个人放进了你的心灵,放进了你的内部空间。

这件事的范式来自幼年。弗洛伊德讲了很多,我不知道现在还有没有人信弗洛伊德,但我肯定信。

休伯曼: 绝对是心理学和生理学两方面的天才。很多事他弄错了,很多事他不该做,我们承认这一点。我想所有人都会同意,跟自己的病人上床、还有可卡因成瘾,都是坏主意。但与此同时,他对人性的洞察和才华几乎到了超自然的水平。

格林: 跟病人上床,我相信他做过。不过如果这是我强加给他的,那请原谅我。他肯定对某些病人有过不该有的情感依恋。他有没有跟她们上床我不知道,很可能有。

他的观点是:孩子是被父母诱惑的。你处在极度脆弱的位置,你的生命依赖他们,而他们用自己的能量在诱惑你,你把他们放了进来。这就为你的余生定下了一种模式。比如,被父亲抱起来、在空中被托着走的感觉,就是一种诱惑形式,因为你不知道他要对你做什么,你很兴奋,你想要那个惊喜。

在我看来,这跟故事的诱惑是相通的。故事对我们极有诱惑力,我们不知道它要把我们带到哪里,不知道下一章是什么,不知道这个角色会怎样。惊奇降低了我们的抵抗,把我们的心智向「接下来会发生什么」打开,这就是一种诱惑。童话,你小时候读的故事,你和父母的互动,都深深刻进了你。不脆弱,就不可能被诱惑。

所以我喜欢把它翻个个儿,从负面含义里拉出来:脆弱其实是一种正面的品质。我觉得今天世界上很多人,因为环境太严酷、太具侵入性,变得过于刀枪不入了,他们什么都不肯放进来。这反过来感染了他们和别人的关系。他们不想被影响,他们想在内部保持强硬,他们害怕向对方让步,害怕屈服于对方的影响。可屈服于另一个人的力量,然后再把电流反过来,让对方屈服于你的力量,这其实是一种美妙的感觉。

我读某些作家时会被彻底诱惑,比如尼采是我最喜欢的作家之一。我把一切都放下,让他进入我的大脑,我被完全诱惑,我任由他领着我走。但也有我完全不喜欢的作家,我举一个,说出来大概不太好,就是史蒂芬·平克,我不喜欢平克,我觉得他特别烦人。可我会强迫自己找到一种被他诱惑的方式,让他进入我的大脑,去看他从哪里出发,向「他可能是对的」这种可能性敞开自己。所以,脆弱,让人进入你的精神空间,是一种智能,既是情感智能,也是智识智能。

休伯曼: 请原谅我打断,但我认为这也意味着某种程度的自信。共情,或者让自己脆弱到被某样东西诱惑的地步,如果这是你主动选择的,那按定义你也拥有一种自信:你相信自己事后能回到自己,相信自己不会在情境里迷失,不会被劫持到回不来的地步,或者以某种对你有害的方式被劫持。我这么说很书呆子气,但它在很多意义上跟自信是同义的。就像:把我的心智拿去,你想带它去哪儿就去哪儿,因为我知道我随时能回来。

格林: 对。在身体层面的诱惑、在浪漫意义上的诱惑里也一样,你向对方的魅力、对方的能量敞开自己,但如果他们开始显露出黑暗的能量,你看出他们有虐待倾向,或者哪里不对劲,你有能力撤退。

休伯曼: 啊,这里就难了,非常难。因为依恋系统同样扎根于童年,它常常会压过一个人自我恢复的能力。我要是每听到一次身边的人说「我知道他对我不好,但我就是没办法,我们就是没法分开」就能得一块钱的话。你天天都听得到这种话,你还会在公开的法庭案件里看到,你会想,他们为什么不干脆离开彼此。因为一旦那些依恋系统锁死,打个比方说,它几乎变成了一种亲子关系,你不可能因为现在明白过来了,就突然决定你的父母不是你的父母。你永远被这个事实钉住:他们曾经是,而且他们产生过影响。我认为依恋系统是一股拉力极强的力量。

格林: 《诱惑的艺术》出版后,很多女性写信给我,说她们的男友或丈夫在对她们使用书里的一些手法,这让她们非常痛苦,她们有点生我的气。但后来她们也意识到,那些东西其实不是从我书里学来的,那本来就布在他身上,而读到这些手法和策略,反而帮她们认出了丈夫或男友在对她们做什么,那些操纵和游戏。

休伯曼: 有男人写信跟你谈女性用来把他们带进关系里的那些诱惑性装扮吗,还是来信的基本是女性?

格林: 我听到的大多是女性抱怨男人,抱怨他们如何滥用这些手法。我不否认书里有些策略带着一点邪气,因为我不想写一本没有禁忌成分的诱惑之书。我说过,诱惑牵涉禁忌,我不想自我审查。女性对男性的诱惑显然也存在,我承认这一点,只是它较少表现为身体上的虐待。

休伯曼: 从很小起,男孩和女孩、男人和女人都被社会调教着使用各种诱惑手法和装扮:化妆、香水、发型、车、手表、首饰、表情、各种形式的权力展示。世界上到处都是这种东西。

格林: 但男人一般在被女人诱惑时是高兴的,除非对方是冲着他的钱去的,这种事也有。我在书的第一章里写了塞壬,我认为那是女性诱惑者最本质的原型:半人半鸟的生物站在礁石上唱得那么美,你不得不跳进水里,然后她们杀了你。这背后的意思是,男人想要放手。因为男人必须那么自控、那么强势,必须投射出那样一个形象,他们心底里有一种想要放手、想要被一个极其强大的女人近乎支配的渴望,很多男人都有。我写到历史上一些最有权势的男人:尤利乌斯·凯撒、马克·安东尼、乔·迪马乔,这些非常男性化的男人都栽在了极为女性化的塞壬式女子手里,被她们彻底支配,而且他们其实相当享受这个过程,因为那意味着「我可以放手了,我可以进入这个纯然感官的、身体的世界」,那极其令人愉悦,那是我那个冰冷的男性世界之外的另一个国度。所以我很少听到男人抱怨诱惑过他们的女人,老实说,通常是反过来。

性与权力的交换

休伯曼: 我听过一种说法,我保证这不是我假装从别处听来的原创观点,其实是我朋友让我替他问的:一切性的交换里都有权力的交换。

格林: 当然。

休伯曼: 你能不能展开讲讲。你刚才描述那些诱惑的权力动力时,我想起一个以前听过的说法,起初让我笑了,后来让我想得很深,就是「从下面掌控」(topping from the bottom)。如果一个人让另一个人产生「你更有权力」的印象,那么仅凭「让」这个动作,他其实握着某种权力。权力可以给出,也可以夺取。但很多时候,诱惑的交换、性的交换、浪漫的交换,都是双方买下一个暂时的幻觉:我们假装你说了算,其实是我说了算,好吧,但我知道你以为是你说了算,好吧,那我们就假装这些都不存在,直接做某件事。我觉得这是暗契约的又一个例子,而且事后很可能造出一堆问题。总之,性、浪漫与权力之间的关系,值得在这个语境里探一探。

格林: 我写《诱惑的艺术》时的想法是:这是一门由女性发明的艺术。它是那些在社会上、政治上、家庭里基本毫无权力的女性发明的。她们能对男人施加的唯一权力,是通过性、通过身体吸引力。于是她们发展出一门艺术,用种种戏剧性的效果把男人引进自己的世界,克娄巴特拉算是这方面的原型:把有权势的男人引进这个世界,让他产生一种幻觉,以为是他在追求她,而事实上是她在控制整个动力关系。

所以很多时候,关系里那个看起来更弱、不在追求的人,其实是在邀请对方追求,是在引着对方走。这里面有很多关于表象的游戏,你永远搞不清到底是谁在控制这段关系,因为一个人「允许」另一个人牵着自己走,而「允许」本身就是一种权力、一种控制。所以很难分辨。性、权力和浪漫关系在我们身上是深深缠绕在一起的,身体上、情感上、神经上,你躲不开。因此我认为,假装这些都不存在、假装外面有某个平等的乐园,是不诚实的,我们的布线根本不是为那种关系准备的。

休伯曼: 有一项最近的科学发现,我想在这个语境里分享给你,也想听听你的想法。戴维·安德森是一位杰出的神经生物学家,上过这档播客,他是加州理工的教授,研究下丘脑的功能:攻击、交配之类的行为,而且研究得极其细致,他是下丘脑领域的大师。他两年前发表了一篇论文,显示动物脑中,推测人脑中也一样,确实存在控制性交骑跨行为的神经回路,但另有一套完全独立的回路,负责纯粹非性的骑跨和「压制在下」的身体支配。任何养过狗、去过狗公园的人都见过同性狗之间的骑跨,或者明显没有性终点的骑跨。

我读了这方面的文献,也跟戴夫聊过,很清楚:确实存在一些神经回路,专门负责一只动物爬到同类另一只的身上,通常从后面,常常咬住或叼住对方后颈,意思是「我控制你」。这常常发生在玩闹的语境里,尤其在动物之间,并不总是攻击性的,但里面有一定的攻击成分,它本质上在说:此刻你能不能动,由我决定。特别重要的是,这套回路和雄性、雌性性行为相关的所有反射完全分开。

我觉得这太迷人了。我们常听到「支配」,听到权力,想到的是身体上的压制。但「骑跨」这样原始的动作,就像「咬」或「击打」一样原始,在脑中拥有自己独有的一套回路,我觉得这佐证了你在书里关于权力、甚至关于诱惑的那些论述。我把这个抛出来供你参考,如果你有想法就说,没有也完全没关系。对我来说这是个很重要的发现,因为我觉得所有人看到骑跨行为都会说,这肯定跟性有关。

格林: 我明白你的意思。

休伯曼: 但脑中似乎有一整套神经回路,真正关心的是字面意义上「谁在上面」,跟性毫无关系。

格林: 我相信确实如此,我从没读到过这方面的东西。不过我可以说,我在新书里写了一章关于爱的,那和诱惑是两回事。我想提出一种关于爱的观念,它带有平等的成分,里面没有那种权力动力学。这几乎是我《诱惑的艺术》的反题,我几乎在自我矛盾。我钻进了它的生物学,甚至物理学。

有一位著名的法国生物学家,名字我一时想不起来,很抱歉,是二三十年代的人,他研究草履虫。他在池塘里观察它们,发现有那么一些时刻,这些单细胞生物突然一对一地耦合起来,一个的细胞膜被吸进另一个里面;只要有一对这么做了,所有草履虫就都开始两两结合,然后一起沉到池底。而草履虫不通过性繁殖,它们靠分裂繁殖,是自我复制。所以他的意思是:那种想要耦合、想要如此深地连接到一个人身上、以至于一个被另一个吸收的渴望,是生物学上布好的线,可以回溯到几百万年、几千万年前。它本质上是一种对爱的生物性渴望,是一种弥漫在万物中的能量,世界不只是权力和等级。他还举了其他有类似现象的生物。

而在物理学里,我们谈纠缠,也谈到,如果物质没有被大量动能所阻,它就会聚合起来,粒子会结合成物质。所以宇宙里有某种东西在试图把事物彼此连接起来。于是世界上存在这样一种能量:我们有一种深切的需要,想在那些权力动力之外与某个人相连,在那里有一定程度的平等,我们被彼此吸引,我们放下自我的游戏,放下那些算计,我们某种程度上克服了自己的生理,克服了自己的下丘脑,进入这种状态,我称之为「爱的崇高」。

它牵涉身体的部分。性是它的触发器,因为和一个人发生性关系时,你的身体突然以一种你无法控制的方式对他的能量变得可渗透,它在脑中释放各种极其强大的化学物质。很多时候那种感觉太强了,你会有反应,你害怕,你退回去。但如果你不退,继续往前走,那么心智也会对对方、对他的能量和渴望变得可渗透,于是产生一种螺旋上升的效应,身体的连接和精神的连接一起达到我所说的「爱的崇高」。

这是一个理想,今天的世界上并不多见,但历史上有一些故事可以说明它。我相信,感受到那种极深的连接,对我们是生物学意义上的必需。我们通常把它归给宗教、归给上帝,但我认为爱的本质、爱的模型,就在两个人之间,异性恋也好,同性恋也好,都无所谓。那种克服自身神经系统、克服自身机制、进入这个区域的感觉,是极深的满足。我们都想要它。而它必须包含放下权力动力,让一切平等。不是说对方跟你一模一样,你承认他的不同,但在「值得被注意、值得被尊重」这件事上,你把其他所有东西都留在门外。所以,在我们谈的那套权力动力之外,确实存在一个可能的区域。

逃出自我的牢房

休伯曼: 我很兴奋你在写这个。我忍不住想到你描述的这些和我们今天在政治、社会动力里看到的景象之间的平行之处。显然没有人愿意放下自我,两边都觉得自己在被攻击,夹在中间的人一头雾水,为什么我非得选边。而且看不出任何将来人们会放下剑的迹象。如果用你刚才那个我很喜欢的定义,那就是:没有人觉得足够安全,以至于可以足够脆弱,允许人与人的融合发生。如果说放下权力动力、让自己脆弱是通往爱的钥匙,在浪漫的语境里当然如此,在社会的语境里也一样,那渠道在哪里?我想有一种论调,不是我的,说大家都该来一船致幻剂,看见万物的互联。但这看上去不现实,我也不觉得那会健康,我想结果会是一大堆问题的爆发。那么,在没有一种能让所有人同时增强连接感的神奇物质的情况下,罗伯特,你打算怎么拯救人类?

格林: 我特别担心年轻人,约炮文化、色情内容等等,正在重新给人脑布线,我们正在失去我刚才描述的那种东西。我看到很多年轻人,我不怪他们,他们成长的世界非常混乱、非常有敌意。

休伯曼: 我能不能吹毛求疵一下。我很喜欢你刚才的说法,不过在我看来,这类东西是在劫持大脑原有的硬布线。我知道听众大概会说,怎么可能那样重新布线。我认为我们可以在硬布线之上扩展、重塑,但你书里谈了很多的,是找到一个人的本质,而我特别喜欢你的书的一点是,它写的是那种硬布线与「通过努力可以达成的东西」之间的舞蹈。总之,请原谅我。

格林: 你说得很准确。那么,怎么把我们弄出这个局面?

休伯曼: 我给你压了个大担子。

格林: 是的,不过我觉得你扛得住。我在那一章里就是想做这件事。我想诱惑读者相信,这是一件极其愉悦、极其健康的事,脆弱的感觉是一种非常正面的品质,它不只会影响你的浪漫关系,还会影响你的精神状态。有创造力的人都极其脆弱,他们对观念极其脆弱,对环境极其脆弱。而把自己关进自我里、关进自身里,那一章我叫它「逃出自我的牢房」,你被困在自己里面,困在自己的念头和欲望里,那就像一座监狱,它围着你,你想设法逃出去。你通过毒品逃,通过色情逃,但那并没有真的逃出去。你想要的是放下自我,走出这座监狱。

这是我们都有的渴望,所以我想把它框定成一种极其正面的动力,框定成一种能力:对别人脆弱,向别人敞开,并且说,是的,他们可能会伤害我,但我足够强,扛得住;如果他们伤了我,我会从中学习,我会反弹回来。我知道这在我这边有点天真,但我希望你至少拥有这种感觉。因为很多年轻人写信给我说,我再也没法陷入爱情了,我不喜欢那种感觉,那种失控太过头了。而他们的很多行为模式,正是在制造一种控制感,只有把自己锁在里面时你才拥有那种控制。

休伯曼: 所以才有对色情内容和自慰的过度沉溺,作为回避那种可以理解的、对人际互动的恐惧的方式。

格林: 是的。年轻的时候你是理想主义的,至少很多年轻人是,你有梦想有希望。而放弃这种可能性,这种对人这种社会性动物而言极深的愉悦和极强的疗愈,这是我们能拥有的最高形式的互动。所以我在那一章的策略,是把放下防御、放下所有天然的抵抗、向别人敞开自己所等待着你的那些愉悦,描绘得足够美好。它不只是浪漫关系的钥匙,也是事业成功的钥匙,是心智能量的钥匙,是创造力的钥匙,是整体上保持敞开的钥匙。

我不觉得自己能有多大影响力,书出来再看吧。但我主张的就是这种敞开:向宇宙敞开,向作为一种弥漫于世界的能量的宇宙本身敞开。我想让你感受到被封闭在自我里的痛苦,因为你其实感觉不到那种痛,你觉得那样很舒服。我想让你清楚地看到:那不舒服,那是极深的痛苦,它正在把你和生命中一些最好的体验切断。这是我的一个策略。

我另一个希望寄托在人的精神本身。我相信这些很大程度上是社交媒体造成的,还有各种即时满足。我希望年轻人会受够,会对生活里这种断裂和异化感到恶心,会开始渴求更有共同体感、更有互动、更真实而非虚拟的东西。人的精神不可能被技术彻底压扁。我抱有这份希望,因为历史上我们经历过这样的循环:人们变得非常刀枪不入、非常封闭,然后突然有一次爆发,一次创造力的爆发,像六十年代,像二十年代,像十八世纪的欧洲,卡萨诺瓦的时代,诱惑在那里到达顶峰。它就这样来回摆荡:人类变得极其封闭、苦涩、党同伐异,一切都是冲突,人人都在制造分裂,然后突然朝反方向去。我对这种可能性抱有希望,我把那一章写成这样,也许能顺着这股潮推一把,看看有没有效果。

正义感的陷阱

休伯曼: 我认为你刚才描述的这些,以及由此生发的对话,很可能会产生巨大的作用,这正是当下所需要的。我同意你说的一切,不是因为你坐在这里做客,而是因为我很清楚:尽管权力动力和诱惑自古就布在人际关系里,我们确实走到了历史上一个非常艰难的时期。知道这种事从前也发生过,只是背景不同,这让我略感宽慰。

我们常听说钟摆会来回摆。彼得·阿提亚的弟弟说过一句话,我要把功劳记在他名下:他说这已经不是钟摆了,现在是个拆楼球,它来回摆,而且在摆到两个极端时造成破坏。

我也期待有一天人们能承认身边的、加诸自己和他人身上的不义,同时又能超越它。我想接住「正义」这个词。有一位我非常尊敬的人向我指出,拥有正义感是一件美好而重要的事,作为人类,它对我们如何组织社会至关重要。但我确实认为,今天我们看到的许多负面现象,跟随手可得的色情内容、高热量密度的食物等等都有关系。社交媒体当然有正面作用,但在我看来,它一个负面之处在于,它是一股持续不断的「不义的例子」的洪流。你一整天都在看到这类让你生气、也让别人因为别的理由生气的东西。

而那位朋友向我指出,关于正义感的一个关键点是:你要能判断,这件事你是否真的该做点什么。我想现在每个人都感到被那些不义劫持了,因为我们觉得自己「应该」做点什么。但也许真相是,虽然我们不能让每一桩不义都溜过去,可整天被那些让我们不安的事轰炸,正在劫持我们的创造力,让我们从更深的目的上分心,阻断了那种能够通向深爱的脆弱。所以我不认为问题只在于性、食物、社交媒体上的身体和声音这些诱饵,我认为那有一定道理,但还有一点是:现在有太多机会顺着不义的引力井滑下去。「啊,太气人了,他们为什么要这么干。」我自己也会这样,走进办公室就跟同事说,你看到这事了吗,这太离谱了,而不是在那一刻去想别的任何事情。我努力把自己从里面拽出来。

我觉得你不会一个人完成这件事,但你会在把我们从这里救出来这件事上起主要作用。因为人们需要用一个不同的透镜看自己,然后意识到:这件事正在让我偏离我本该成为的那个人。

格林: 现代生活中很大一部分本领,是忽略某些东西的能力。比如不知道你知不知道邻里应用 Nextdoor。

休伯曼: 我以前装过。后来我老看到奥克兰邻居家门廊上的包裹被偷,我就开始不那么享受住在奥克兰了。我爱奥克兰这座城市,它有它的问题,确实有,但作为一个东湾长大的孩子,我在那边上学,我对东湾有很深的感情。它一直有那些问题,可当你半夜醒来在手机上看到东西被偷,你会产生一种「他们要来抢我的东西」的感觉。

格林: 太糟了。我把它扔进垃圾邮件过滤了,但偶尔看一眼,每一条标题都是:有人在偷东西,有人闯进了某户人家,这条狗咬了我,有条疯狗在外面乱跑,有个流浪汉在朝人大喊大叫、攻击别人。我感觉自己住的这个街区像八十年代的贝鲁特,我连门都不敢出。我受够了,我再也不看 Nextdoor 了,我从来不打开它。因为我知道,算法设计就是每次都把这种东西推到你眼前,让你去点,因为我们天然就会对这类东西做出反应,我们控制不住。所以你必须有能力把这些东西关掉,去看你生活中真正能控制的东西。

我对乌克兰发生的事有一种发自内脏的厌恶,因为我最近去过乌克兰,我强烈认同他们的抗争。那种愤怒,每次我读到相关报道都要发疯。我唯一能做的,是尽量少读,只读那些理性、有见识的东西,然后给他们捐钱,尽我所能地捐,在实际层面上帮他们。但我不允许自己一直处在那种愤怒里。

得有人写一本书,教教我们什么该忽略,什么该关注。确实有一些不义是你能控制的:通过投票,通过聚集起一场运动,通过应对气候变化,不是靠在家里把每一样小东西都分类回收,而是在世界上真正做点更宏观的事,加入某项事业。有些事你能做,那是积极的,那是把你心里那股黑暗的能量导向正面目的的方式。但掉进那些兔子洞,任由自己往下掉,则是彻底的扰乱,它让你分心,削弱你,耗干你的能量。所以你必须学会「忽略」这门艺术,学会不去关注什么,并且明白你天生就会被脸书上、Nextdoor 上那些红色警报按钮吸引,那是负面的,像糖分冲击一样,你必须避开它。

休伯曼: 而且它把我们从各自的目的上带走,我觉得这是最要命的一点。

格林: 除非你的目的就是组织起来做一个活动家。有人问我,我在《人性的法则》里写了很多关于人性阴影面的东西。我们都有阴影面,都有黑暗的一面,都有隐藏的攻击性,都有嫉妒,都有自大,都有攻击冲动。怎么处理?我说,处理的方式是把它引导到某种正面的、亲社会的东西上。那可以是放进你的艺术作品里,把那股愤怒和义愤发泄在别人能够认同的东西里;也可以是去组织点什么,那可能就是你的人生目的,去真正做点积极的事。这是你唯一能把那股能量用到真正的人生任务或目的上的办法。

男性与女性的迷路

休伯曼: 你最近在自己的频道上谈过男性和女性的角色,谈过男女之舞的危机,以及男性气质本身、女性气质本身的危机。愿不愿意展开讲讲?我们大概需要三四个小时才能谈完,但你说的一些话让我很受触动。因为我完全同意:正如我们来到世上时没人给我们一张找到目的的地图,我们面前还被扔了一张彼此矛盾的地图,甚至是好几张互相冲突的地图,关于什么叫男性、什么叫女性,或者两者的某种组合,当然每个人都是两者的组合,只是程度不同。

格林: 是的,男人有他的女性面,如果你压制它,它会以别的方式冒出来;女人也有她的男性面。荣格用阿尼玛和阿尼姆斯把这一点说得很好,我认为这极其真实。

对男人和女人来说,现在都是极其令人困惑的时代。我们不知道角色是什么,一切都太流动了,非常难,尤其是年轻人。年轻女性接收到的观念是:一切都应该平等。当然这是对的,同工同酬,同样的职业机会,不该有偏见、骚扰之类的事。可与此同时,在社交媒体上,一切又都关乎外表要完美,长相极其重要,你要是不「辣」,你就麻烦大了。很多年轻女孩被这些搞得极度困惑,她们收到的是彼此矛盾的信号。

男孩的处境也许更糟,因为「有男子气」被视为某种负面的东西。我们再也没有任何关于「什么是好的、正面的女性气质」和「什么是好的、正面的男性气质」的理想,甚至我们认为根本就不该有这种东西,认为压根不存在男性气质或女性气质这回事。这太令人困惑了。

我心里有一些我认为非常正面的男性特质,它们应该被摆出来,用来抵消很多年轻男人正在上钩的那种安德鲁·泰特式的诱惑。那是一种内在的强度,你在相当程度上掌控自己的情绪,不是刀枪不入,但你受得住批评,你可以有失败的时刻,然后你能弹回来,你有一种内在的韧性,一种内在的力量,一种安静的镇定。我觉得这种气质从前体现在加里·库珀那样的银幕偶像身上。那种内在的沉静,你不歇斯底里,不为发生的每件事激动,你有一种内在的力量和自信,你能承受,像瑞安·霍利迪常谈的斯多葛主义那样,你能承受生活中所有的艰难,因为你心里有那座堡垒。这是一种非常有力量的男性气质,而不是「睡很多女人、开很快的车、恃强凌弱、施暴」,那些是软弱和不安全感的表现。有男子气应该意味着一种安全感、内在的自信和内在的力量,这才是我们文化里该被敬重的,我们该有这样的偶像。

这并不意味着不够男性化的男人、或者更多带有女性美德的男人就没有位置,那当然也有位置,在各行各业我们都能看到很多。同样,女性也该有一个正面的模型:不是被外貌评判、必须迎合「辣不辣」的标准,而是极其强大、能干、有专长、在事业上真正成功。不断被外貌评判是非常有害的。

所以这是很糟的时代。我觉得我很幸运,成长在一个还有这类榜样可循的年代。我想到我父亲,一个非常安静的人,本质上就是一个中产阶级推销员,他一辈子都在卖东西,为一家公司卖化学原料。但他很有尊严,他待人很好,非常镇定,非常安静,同时又极富共情。那就是我的榜样,我认为那是好的男性能量。我想很多人根本没有这样的榜样,他们非常迷茫。所以我不知道答案是什么,我没法凭空变出一个来,但我真希望我能。

选择太多的代价

休伯曼: 如今可供观察的男性和女性特质的样本和选项确实多得多了,因为社交媒体和互联网。而正如你之前指出的,今天要成为一个健全的人,关键本领之一是学会忽略。

营养和健康圈子里有一个有意思的说法:人类历史上从未有过这样的时刻,人能够接触到与祖先饮食如此不同、如此多样的食物。我说的甚至不是远古祖先。我在七八十年代的湾区长大,那时有几家族裔餐馆,但我们反复吃的就是那十五到二十种食物。后来选项爆炸成几十种、更多,还有融合菜等等。营养界因此有一种观点:我们并没有被布线成能思考、辨别这么多不同食物选项,能品尝这么多不同风味。从前,地球上某一片区域、某个国家的人在某个季节基本上就是一种吃法。

同样地,现在我们,包括孩子,被大量关于「如何表达自己」的男性与女性选项淹没。那么问题是,一个人怎么选?怎么判断什么是有效的、什么管用、什么最好、什么是我?每个人都在问自己:我是谁。我觉得很有意思的是,所有青少年都会问自己「我是谁」,成年人往往不再问这个问题。

格林: 我还在问自己这个问题。

休伯曼: 那很好,也许我该更经常地问自己。不过我认为我们在这件事上已经冲下悬崖了,我不认为我们还处在「正朝着混乱的边缘偏过去」的阶段。我觉得年轻人是真的困惑,因为一旦有人确立了一套清晰的、平衡的男性与女性特质的组合,也许偏男性一点,也许偏女性一点,马上就有一百万个例子告诉你那是错的。有时人会因此把自己锚死:不,我是对的,因为这就是我。然后突然之间,你就卷进了一场更大的战争。

加里·库珀很好,我爱他的电影。但我们现在有一百万种加里·库珀的变体,长得跟你我谈的那个加里·库珀毫不相像,很多人甚至不知道我们在说谁。

格林: 我是恐龙了。

休伯曼: 我不是说你是恐龙,但这也许正说明了问题:并不存在单一的、甚至一组男性或女性的理想。所以挑选榜样这件事,是我真正从你的《大师》里内化的东西。

我有过很多孤独的年头,我不展开讲那些故事,就是不断在想我要做什么。我十三岁时家里彻底散了,之前的现实一点不剩。我生命里可以去对照的男性是谁?幸运的是,我给自己指派了一些导师,无论他们知不知道,他们真的帮了我。而且我会换人,就像你建议的那样,不止一位。我明白其中有一个拆解的过程,一个整合的过程,把不同的东西缝合、编织在一起。我真心相信那是必需的:不必百分之百是加里·库珀,可以是百分之十的罗伯特·格林,百分之十的另一个人,百分之五的某人,拼出一张关于「在某个情境下我想成为谁」的饼图。但这需要下功夫,需要辨别力。可这实在太有力量了。功劳真该记在你头上,你就是我的一位导师,你自己都不知道,就凭你锻造和组织信息的方式。也还有别人,但我是在《大师》里学会这么做的。这不是一档给《大师》打广告的播客,但它真的教会了我:我有一位研究生导师,她很出色、很聪明,但她不擅长向我解释很多事情,那我就去找别人解释;这件事找另一个人,那件事再找另一个人,一起拼成一张真正优秀的导师拼布。这对我来说很有道理。

格林: 而且这是一辈子的过程。你十四五岁时黏上的那个人,到十九岁会换掉。我有过一连串这样的人。我高中的英语老师对我影响极大,基本上是他教会我写作,我把他的声音内化了。到伯克利以后,我有一位教授成了我在伯克利的代理父亲,我深深佩服他的学术水准,他成了我智识上的榜样。后来,我终于写出第一本书的时候,我遇到一位叫伊夫的图书策划人,他懂这门生意,他等于救了我,他是我人生下一阶段的导师。就这样一个接一个,我找到了这些人。他们身上有你敬佩的正面品质,但他们不完美,每个人都有缺陷,所以到了某个时候你也许看到了太多缺陷,你会说,我需要一个新的人。这没什么不对,你没有违反任何准则,也没有伤害他们,你只是走向下一个人。

关键在于找到那些品质让你敬佩的人。我们向别人学习,不只是学他们的观念,我们是在吸收他们的能量、他们的精神。你读《大师》未必吸收了我的能量或精神,我不知道,也许有。但当你和斯坦福的那位教授互动时,交流不只发生在语言层面,还有一种非语言的沟通在进行,你在内化你在他身上看到的那些正面品质。找到一连串导师,我称之为「代理父母」,你不能选择自己的父亲和母亲,但你可以选择这些理想,可以选择人生中的这些导师。你等于可以重写自己的家族史,黏上某个人,找到你从未拥有的那个父亲形象。但必须合适,必须是你在情感上和智识上能连接得上、并且拥有你渴望的那些品质的人。

休吮曼: 我可能会让你有点不好意思。从大一开始,那也是我真正扭转学业、扭转人生的时候,我一直保留着同一个笔记本,上面记着我敬佩的、我在某种意义上试图效仿的人的名字,当然不是每个方面都效仿。有些名字被划掉了,但大多数留了下来。读完《大师》之后,你的名字上了那张名单。希望我不会在某个时候被划掉。

格林: 完全不会。

休伯曼: 而且通过读《大师》,名单上又多了一些名字。我有过一件极不幸的事:我的三位学术导师先后离世,自杀、癌症、癌症。这听上去很惨,我们领域里的笑话是「你可不想让我给你干活」,大家都这么说。但正因为我在科学上成了孤儿,而科学界师徒关系很强,职业路径又依赖它,这逼着我出去找别人,也逼着我学会在职业语境里所谓「自己做自己的母亲和父亲」。我得到了很多帮助。我怎么强调这件事的价值都不为过。

所以当一个人望向社交媒体这片风景,那上面其实就是一堆可选的人。我们把这叫作「关注」,但也许该换个词,因为「关注」远远够不上效仿或试图效仿。我觉得在男性和女性理想这个语境里,这一点极其关键,但现在这张自助餐桌实在太大了,每种菜系都摆上了,我们不是为这个造出来的。

格林: 不是。我自己很清楚,如果我去市场要在三十件商品里挑一件,而我又不知道自己想要什么,我会非常烦躁不安,脾气变坏。可如果我知道,好,这个可以吃,那个不能吃,我只找这一样,那就很容易,不用花两个小时。选择太多对人是很有害的。

这就回到我最开始说的:当你对自己的人生、对什么是重要的有了那种目的感,它不只会影响你的事业,它会影响你做的一切。你会想,吃这种东西会耗掉我的能量,而我需要那份能量去创造那件对我意义重大的东西;能量、大脑的活跃和鲜活,对我是极其重要的价值。好,那我就不吃那么多糖了,因为它对我不好。它也意味着我不会为网上那些事发火,因为那是浪费时间,我什么也做不了,它只是在啃噬我的杏仁核之类的东西,所以不,我不往那儿去。一件件都是如此。社交媒体上有些东西是好的,有些有意思,我可以关注安德鲁·休伯曼的播客,我很享受,也学到很多。但很多播客是没用的,对我毫无帮助。所以目的感给了你一个过滤器,一台雷达,让你把那上百种逼疯我们的选项剪掉。我不知道,也许我多少有点在谱系上,我讨厌这么说,但我受不了太多选择,那让我彻底抓狂。所以我总得把能量收拢到有产出的事情上。

休伯曼: 而且有了目的感,你才说得出「这些是我想要的正面榜样,这些是我的导师」。

格林: 社交媒体上「关注」某人的问题在于它太容易了,点一下而已,什么也不意味着。而导师关系是要下功夫的,它需要勇气,因为你得真的走到某个人面前,当面请求他的帮助。很多人写信给我说,我不敢去请那位重要的、有权势的人收我做学生。所以这里面有一种社交勇气,你必须真的去和一个你敬佩、你认为有力量的人打交道。这是在建设你的社交技能。但这是一项可以练出来的技能,你不能只是关注某个人,不能只是看他的讲座,你必须与他互动,你必须在这个过程里克服一些恐惧和焦虑。

休伯曼: 我想补充一点。我觉得你说的完全对,而且去实践他们推荐的那些工具也极其有益。听说过一本书很好,读了它更好,读了之后去想它更好,而写下自己的想法、写出一本书,那才是大满贯。我相信那是世界、是宇宙想从我们身上得到的:不一定是写书,你可以把这句话翻译到任何别的事业上。

活的想法与死的想法

格林: 你要能够为自己思考,而不只是从别人那里吸收观念、模仿他们、学个观念的外壳。你要消化它们,通过与它们互动,通过把它们放进自己的透镜,让它们慢慢变成你自己的想法。

有一天我心里有一本书在酝酿,叫「思考的艺术」,讲怎么使用这个过程、怎么往深里走。我在自己的一期播客里讲过很多,那也许就是那本书的种子。核心是「死的思考」与「活的思考」的区别。观念可以是活的,也可以是死的。

一个活的观念,是它从外部来源进入你的大脑,一位哲学家,一篇文章,一个你敬佩的人,或者一个你憎恶的人,然后你吸收它,你琢磨它,你决定:我要把它翻转成这样,我要让它活过来,让它成为我的一部分。活的观念还有另一面:你冒出一个关于某本书、某个项目、某件世事的想法,然后你说,也许这其实不成立,也许恰恰相反才对;你走一遍这个过程,一圈一圈地转,你反思它,你打磨这个观念,也许它翻成了它的反面。通过反思、纠正、修订,你把它变成了某种活的、在你体内活着的东西。

而阻碍人们走这个过程的,正是焦虑,那也会是我那本书的主题。我认为一个人如何处理焦虑,是人生中最重要的品质,它决定你是会成功、会找到自己的路,还是根本找不到。焦虑是一个信号,它告诉你:你没有理解某样东西,外面有一个你解决不了的问题。大多数人,如果内心不安全,就会抓住某个即时的、容易的东西,好摆脱焦虑感:我不懂这个问题,噢,答案一定是 A,因为那个人是这么说的。于是你没有发展出思考的能力,没有发展出走到下一层的能力。

但如果你接住那份焦虑,说:好,也许 A 是答案,然后你走一遍 A,然后你说,不,也许 A 不是答案,也许 B 才是。你能够翻越焦虑,越走越远,你不会扑向第一个现成的答案,你能够走一个不断精炼的过程。所以在职业上,如果你急着要成功,急着要钱,你会做出错误的选择;但如果你能处理那份焦虑,说,也许我得更深地想想我要去哪里,我得想出别的可能,那你就会做出好得多的选择。

对一个有创造力的人来说,面前摊着那张空白的纸,那本还没写的书,那部还没拍的电影,是非常难受的,你充满焦虑,你必须处理它。如果你能把它转化成创造性的、有产出的东西,那么伟大的事情就会发生,你会造出一件杰作。所以,处理焦虑、不屈从于最即时的满足的能力,在我看来就是一个人是否会有创造力、是否会发明出什么的标志,反之就只能回收那些陈旧的、死掉的观念。

休伯曼: 阿门。曾经有人告诉我,焦虑把我们所有人都变回小孩,不是那种正面的、孩童般的状态,而是把我们退回到一种完全失控的模式。我完全同意,能够管理焦虑、与它共舞,因为我们摆脱不了它,这至关重要。

格林: 也不该摆脱。

休伯曼: 对,也许不该,因为正如你指出的,它是一个信号,告诉我们有什么东西我们还不懂,有什么值得好奇的,可能是一个过程,也可能是外面的某样东西,或者两者都有。这一点真的很有共鸣。我想很多人会从中受益,因为我们听到「心流」这个词,就会想象,我甚至自己也会想象:罗伯特·格林坐下来写作,面前一张白纸,他冥想一下,砰,这些书就出来了。但现实一点想,我肯定里面有大量的内心翻腾和焦虑。

格林: 你根本想不到。我的过程是百分之九十五的痛苦,也许百分之二点五的狂喜,剩下那百分之二点五是什么我也说不清。

我写一个故事,因为在我的新书里,在我大部分书里,我总是从一个历史故事开篇。第一稿糟透了,我简直不敢相信它有多糟,多平,多烂,我难堪得要命,我恨我自己。然后我回去,钻进去,开始改词句,让它好一点点。第二稿勉强能入口,但还是很烂,如果放出去会非常丢人。我就这么熬着,很焦虑,我妻子可以作证,那种时候我是个可怜虫,一切在我眼里都是黑的。我硬顶过去。

如果我向焦虑投降,很多书、很多作者就是这样,我就会把那个并不好、并不有力、并不彻底的第二稿放出去。因为我第一次看自己的想法时会说:那不真实,那不是这里真正在发生的事,罗伯特,你没打中,你要击中那个故事里真正真实的东西。所以你得更深、更深,更用力、更用力。我不会放弃说「这一章就这样了」,我会说,还得更好,还得更好,直到挣扎了两个月之后,它终于到了我想要的位置。我用那份焦虑不断改进它。等到了那个点,故事够好了,我可以让妻子读,然后给编辑,那时我感觉棒极了,我有了那百分之二的喜悦时刻,但它是穿过所有焦虑得来的。

我可以告诉你,写完一章时那种充实感相当了不起;写完一本书时,那比任何人能得到的任何药物体验都好,那是一种奇妙的成就感,一种冲破所有障碍的感觉。所以我的过程里包含大量焦虑和对焦虑的处理,这也是我谈它、想写一本关于它的书的原因。

休伯曼: 谢谢你分享这些。我正在试着写一本书,已经写了好几年,现在我感觉好受多了,不过显然我得再把螺丝拧紧些。在生活的其他领域,我熟悉那种「一堆焦虑,好吧,我就先做到这个里程碑,然后再想下一个里程碑」的体验。但连「我要把它拆成一个个里程碑」这件事本身都会引发焦虑。只是到了某个点,它积累出足够的惯性,你就踉跄着进了过程,然后一直走下去。

格林: 尽量别把自己弄得太血肉模糊。

伴侣要在哪里重合

休伯曼: 说到焦虑。你在网上有一段我觉得极好的片段,我们会把链接放在节目说明里,讲的是怎么找到浪漫伴侣,或者怎么从现有的关系里得到更多。

格林: 我都不记得自己说了什么,你得提醒我。

休伯曼: 那段特别好。其中一点我记得特别清楚,我觉得太对了:两个人之间必须至少有一处,最好是好几处真正的重合,而且这种重合要超越「喜欢什么食物」「想住什么样的房子」,它得能追溯到那些早年的愉悦形式。你提到,对你以及你的伴侣来说,对动物共同的爱与尊重就是其中之一。

格林: 对我来说这绝对是必需的,我不可能跟一个不爱动物的女人交往。

休伯曼: 我姐姐以前老取笑我:如果一个女人送我一张生日卡或什么卡片,上面画着某种我特别喜欢的动物,我姐姐就会说,完了,他没救了。当然实际没那么简单,但她说的也有几分道理,那是必要而不充分的。也许你可以再展开讲讲这个「兴趣重合」的概念,并且把它和人们通常听到的、说的那些关于伴侣关系里什么重要的说法对照一下,因为这是很多人在找伴侣和经营关系时都要面对的问题。

格林: 首先,关系有很多种。你想要一周的关系,一个月的关系,还是想要更长、更令人满足、可能要在一起许多年的关系?人是可以很快就变得无聊的,尤其当你没法跟他聊你感兴趣的话题时。

你提到动物,动物是个很好的例子。我不是说你们俩都得是民主党人或共和党人,那太平庸太表面了。但对动物的爱伸进你的性格,伸进你内心很深的地方,或者对动物的厌恶也一样,如果是那种情况。它传递的东西如此原始,如此贴近孩童,那里必然会有一种深的连接。不是说你们非得都爱猫,如果都爱当然很好,而是笼统地说动物:你爱它们的能量,你爱它们有自己方式的天真,你爱它们不跟你玩游戏,你爱它们能给你的那种即刻的爱,你在这个层面上跟它们相连。这是非常正面的信号,因为它超出了纯智识的东西,进入了情感的、内脏的层面。

所以真正重要的是情感上的连接,是你们共有的价值。钱是另一项极其重要的。如果你们其中一个人极度看重物质,觉得钱就是权力、成功和舒适,而另一个人完全不在意,喜欢花钱等等,很多人会为钱没完没了地吵,因为那里没有重合。而钱标示的是这个人更深的价值。我不是说被钱驱动有什么不对,我不做道德评判,因为那可能标示着一种价值:也许你从小就没钱,所以「舒适」「不必为某事担忧」对你极其重要。而对钱没兴趣,同样揭示了你性格中的某种东西。

我告诉人们,你要看的是对方的性格,看那里有没有一种可以持久的重合。我为某本书查资料时读到富兰克林·罗斯福和埃莉诺·罗斯福的故事。得小儿麻痹之前,富兰克林是个极其英俊、生气勃勃的年轻人,非常活跃,非常健美,非常帅,女人都追着他,他简直是完美的对象,还很富有。而埃莉诺像只丑小鸭,她不漂亮,社交上还有点笨拙。可他看进了她的性格,他看到在智识上她与他匹配,他看到他们在我说的那个超越表面的层面上有相似的兴趣,于是他选了埃莉诺,所有人都震惊了,没有人在追埃莉诺。当时她的姓我忘了,我想她本来就姓罗斯福。这在当时非常令人吃惊。他说,我看中的是一个我能长久相处、拥有对我来说重要得多的品质的人。结果那是一段非常令人满足的关系。当然后来他有过情人,所以并不完美,但那是一段非常正面的关系。

所以要看你们在人生价值上的对照:对钱的态度,对事业的态度,对舒适或不舒适的态度。有些人喜欢不舒适,喜欢待在边缘上,想要挑战,想从一个城市搬到另一个城市;如果你跟一个只想守着同一栋房子的人在一起,你们会有一场接一场的冲突。性也许很棒,那可以支撑一两个月,我对此没有意见,也不评判,但它不会带来长久的关系。运动和户外是另一项:这个人喜欢户外,还是像莎莎·嘉宝那样非得待在曼哈顿时代广场的顶层公寓里。

所以,那些伸进一个人性格深处、根深蒂固、几乎无法改变也无法控制的价值,如果在好几个层面上有重合,就说明你能和这个人建立深的连接,这非常重要。如果这些连接都好,同时又有身体上的吸引,因为没有身体吸引的话,它会慢慢熄灭,那你就握着一份通往巨大成功、通往真正长久之物的配方。

拥有一段长久的关系,像我这样,是人生中极重要的锚。对一个像我这样拼命工作的人来说,希望对她也一样,它让我落地,让生活简单得多、容易得多。而且不只是简单和容易,里面有大量的爱和很深的情感。长期关系如果你能拥有,它会在无数方面给你回报。

说到寻找这种重合。我刚认识我现在的妻子时,我养着一只猫。我一直是个爱狗的人,但那时我有一只猫,我爱死那只猫了,它真是只好猫。第一次约会我就把她带到我的公寓,我想看她对那只猫的反应。因为一般来说,人们对此有误解,不喜欢猫的女人我是处不来的,因为女性天性里有某种猫的东西是我喜爱的。而她爱我的猫,天哪,那是最好的信号。然后一切就水到渠成了,她也因为我爱那只猫而爱我。所以我们一开始就看到了一处极好的重合,后来还有别的,但那是第一处。

休伯曼: 我喜欢这个故事。你刚才说的一切都暗示着:要找到对的伴侣,要建立一段至少让人觉得部分对的关系,前提是对自己有一定程度的了解。因为除非你了解自己的性格,否则根本没法判断另一个人的性格跟你合不合。

格林: 自我觉察其实是人生所有方面里最重要的品质。如果你按社会压力来选,男人会挑一个看上去性感火辣、能让所有男性朋友惊叹的花瓶妻子,你按文化告诉你的那些「正确形象」来选,然后那里跟你毫无连接,因为你是为了与你无关的目的在选。

所以你必须了解自己,必须知道自己爱什么、恨什么。我想大多数人知道自己爱不爱动物,大多数人知道自己喜欢稳定还是喜欢稍微混乱一点。我不认为你必须做多深的内省。你真正要做的,是在一段关系里认为这些东西是重要的,问题就出在这儿:你往往不觉得这些重要,你觉得性比什么都重要,身体吸引力最重要,或者你觉得对方有很多钱最重要,你不觉得这另一面重要。如果你看重我说的这些,你的自我觉察自然会启动,因为你基本上是知道自己性格里那些本质的基本面的。

休伯曼: 我觉得人有时会被「欣赏」分神,欣赏某些自己觉得值得欣赏、但其实和自己的性格并不契合的品质。我见过很多次:有人会开始罗列自己正在交往的人的优点,他会这个会那个,她会这个,他去做志愿者等等。这都很好,我完全支持为好的事业做志愿。但他们常常忽略的是,这是不是他们自己的核心价值,还是仅仅是他们欣赏的东西。我在关系的早期听到很多「欣赏」,后来听到的就是这段关系失败了。而你说的是更深的东西,更贴合一个人自身的自我感。

这几乎让我想用「能量」这个词,像是两个人能量的交融,听上去很新纪元,那不是我的本意。但我想它关联到我们确实常听到、而且我认为有效的一件事:在不同情境下和某个人相处的感觉如何。我们是不是自在?是不是感到轻盈,能够表达自己?我们是否享受和欣赏他在表达自己时的样子?这跟单纯欣赏「他做成了什么什么」很不一样。

格林: 是的,他们展现出我希望自己拥有的那些品质。

休伯曼: 对,你会听到很多这种话,还有「我渴望拥有」,这和能量的交融非常不同。

格林: 还有另外几点要理解。你也得了解对方的性格,而人可以非常会骗、非常滑溜、很会戴面具。我自己过去的关系里有一个很有说明力的迹象:那个女人跟我在一起时是某种样子,我觉得很好、很喜欢;可一旦我们和别人在一起,她的表现就非常让我不舒服,像换了一个人。看到她在社交场合的样子之后,我对她的爱就退了,她在我面前几乎是戴着面具在演,可一进入不同的环境,我就看到了她性格的另一面。所以你要对他们的性格非常留心,看他们是不是真的拥有这些价值,而不是为了某种目的赢得你、陪你演戏。

另外非常重要的一点是神秘感。伴侣可以很快变得无聊。一年之后你知道他的每一件事,他会说同样的话,谈话在原地转圈,你到头了,没有惊喜,没有神秘。你想要的是那种身上有些角落你一开始看不到的人,他有时会让你吃惊,突然冒出一种你从未料到的品质。那些太明显、太熟悉、瞬间把一切都摊开的人,最终会让你厌倦。而那些有所保留的人,也许我是在把自己的价值投射到世界上,那些让你着迷、你并不完全理解、让你想知道更多的人,如果两年、三年、五年之后他们还能这样,那太棒了。「我知道这个人的每一件事,他再也不会让我吃惊了」,这种感觉会打破那层魔法,把关系带向终点。

休伯曼: 「还有更多可了解」这件事,或许也意味着对方仍在演化,仍在生命的原野里觅食,他们还没有被完全烤熟。这让我想起我们做过的四集心理健康系列,精神科医生保罗·康蒂说过,「生成性驱力」的匹配在关系中极为关键,他把生成性驱力定义为在世界上创造出属于自己的表达的渴望。他说,一个人喜欢古典乐、另一个喜欢摇滚,这本身不那么要紧,要紧的是他们与音乐的关系是否相似。重点是某种参与世界的驱力,比如一个人热爱音乐,另一个对音乐无感,但他们对待生活的方式都是彼此好奇、都渴望去发现,而这是一个连续谱。我很好奇这跟你说的是否合拍。

格林: 合拍。唯一我要补充的是,如果你爱古典乐而对方爱重金属,你很快就会被逼疯,那跟你合不来,我自己就会有这个问题。

休伯曼: 你们俩会经常各戴各的耳机。

格林: 因为音乐某种意义上就像动物。所以我完全同意你说的,但我会说音乐也许不是最好的例子,因为音乐揭示一个人身上很深的东西。我不是说哪一种更高级,但它揭示的是某种非语言的东西,给了你一扇看见他们是谁的窗。如果他们像你一样喜欢朋克,我也是听朋克长大的,那里有一种反叛的东西,一种非常强的反权威气质,你能从他们身上看到这一点。如果他们喜欢莫扎特和柔和的弦乐四重奏,那是一个看重柔软、宁静与平和的人,而你不是那样的人。所以音乐向你展示了他们性格里的某种品质,可以非常具有说明力,非常雄辩。这并不意味着你们必须都爱冲撞乐队或死肯尼迪乐队,暴露我的年代了,而是你们身上都有那股反叛的劲。那股反叛劲也可以体现在别处,古典乐作曲家里也有相当反叛、相当愤怒的,我其实挺喜欢他们。这样的重合我认为是正面的。总体上我同意你的说法。

幽默感与沉默的语言

休伯曼: 我对所有关系中的非语言沟通都很好奇,我们先停在浪漫关系上,也可以带上职业关系,因为你刚才描述的其实就是围绕非语言层面的共振。它当然可以用语言表达出来:我爱动物,我爱这种音乐,这是最好的歌,你看到那只水獭了吗,太棒了。但语言只是试图给一种感受贴上词语,所以那本质上仍属于非语言。

关于非语言沟通,你写过不少:人常常用身体和面部表情说话。我很熟悉那种颇为诡异的感觉:有人朝你露出一个咧开嘴的笑,等他一转身,那个笑瞬间消失了。你不必是神经科学家或心理学家也能意识到,那个体验里有什么东西是假的,或者这个人体验情绪的方式像阶跃函数,开、关、开、关,而大多数人的情绪不是这样。我们的情绪是有延续性的:我进门时是高兴的,因为之前发生了什么事,所以我会带着笑进门;如果我看到令人震惊或沮丧的事,我当然会皱眉,会把笑容抹掉,但那是少数情况。所以我们来谈谈嘴、眼睛、脸、身体在沟通中的角色,有哪些重要的东西值得留意?

格林: 关于「重合」我还想补一点:幽默感极其重要。不是说你们必须喜欢同一批喜剧演员,但如果一个人喜欢荤段子而另一个不喜欢,那就是问题。而且,如果一个人没有幽默感、或者逗不笑你,那是非常糟糕的信号。我想把这一条加进去。

休伯曼: 我很高兴你加了这条。一个能把我逗笑的人,是必要条件,但天哪,它已经很接近充分了。

格林: 我也这么觉得。

说到诱惑的艺术,诱惑的艺术就是一门你必须精通的非语言语言。它是你送出的礼物的语言,是你身上气味的语言,是你用眼睛传递的语言。关于人这种生物你必须明白一点:我们没有词语的那段时间,远远长过我们拥有象征性语言的那三万五千到四万年。在那段漫长的黑暗时期,我们没有词语,我们靠非语言沟通,我们从别人身上捕捉信号,我们盯着他们行为里的每一个细节,因为我们没有词语可以解码。所以我们的大脑天生对他人的非语言沟通有惊人的敏感度,学会那门语言,我们几乎可以做到心灵感应。问题在于,我们有这个能力,却完全没有去发展它,因为我们太以词语为中心了。

你只是在听人说话,如果你还在听的话,你只是听见那些词,你一心以为词语有意义、说话的人是真诚的,而常常并不是。就在你如此专注于词语的同时,人们在椅子上挪来挪去,眼神在别处,在看别的女人或别的男人,在不该发抖的地方声音发抖,他们的眼睛是死的,笑容是假的,这些你一个都没看见。

所以非语言沟通的第一法则是:留意它,不断培养把词语关掉、看人的习惯,就像你把电视静音了一样,只看他们的行为。这不容易,也不自然,因为我们满脑子都是词语,我们想聚焦在词语上。但你把电视静音的能力,会突然为你打开关于人的无数东西,他们泄露得太多了。弗洛伊德说过,人不断通过非语言行为渗出自己所有的秘密。只要你掌握了这门语言,你可以像读一本摊开的书一样读他们。

我在《人性的法则》里写了米尔顿·埃里克森的故事,不知道你熟不熟悉他,他大概是现代最伟大的非语言沟通大师,一位了不起的心理学家。

休伯曼: 他是神经语言程序学的灵感来源之一。

格林: NLP 某种程度上是对他思想的歪曲,但他创立了催眠治疗,他就是催眠治疗的创立者。

休伯曼: 催眠治疗是有效的精神科实践,有很好的临床数据支持。

格林: 埃里克森十九岁时得了小儿麻痹,全身瘫痪,连眼球都动不了。他躺在床上,心智却极其活跃,他快要无聊死了。在瘫痪的那两年里,他做的事就是观察人们的非语言沟通,在脑子里记笔记,他学会了二十种不同形式的「是」,一百种不同形式的「不」,每一种语调,一个人怎么进房间,怎么离开房间,怎么带着怜悯或共情看着他。他把这门语言彻底掌握了。后来他当上精神科医生,给人治疗时,病人都觉得他有特异功能,他能一眼看穿他们。原因就是,那两年里他能做的只有观察,他不能说话,什么都不能做,连书都读不了。

你其实拥有同样的能力,你显然没得小儿麻痹,但你首先得留意它。一旦你开始留意,那是件很有意思的事,其实挺好玩。我告诉人们,找一天去你所在城市的咖啡馆,就看人。你听不见他们说话,他们隔着几张桌子,你看他们互动时的非语言行为,看你能不能从他们身上捕捉到线索,那些真实情绪的迹象。

举个可以练的小实验:你从对方看不见你走过来的角度接近他,然后突然打招呼,嘿,嘿,迈克。他们转过来的那一秒,表情会泄露出他们真正怎么看你。如果你能捕捉到微表情,你是能捕捉到的,它们只有大约五十分之一秒,但确实存在,你会看到一丝不屑在眼里闪过,然后面具戴上来。或者你在跟他们说话,他们看着你,但双脚朝着相反的方向,那意味着他们急着要走。这些都是你平时不会留意的信号。他们的姿态会告诉你他们的自信水平。

尤其是假笑。如果你能掌握识破假笑的能力,它会给你带来巨大的好处。因为你真正想看到的,是一个人真诚的笑容。真正的笑会点亮整张脸,它不只点亮嘴,脸上这些部分会往上走,眼睛会活起来,你脑子里有一整套神经过程在改变你的整个面部表情,这意味着这个人真心喜欢你,真心对你感兴趣,真心在笑、在与你相连。如果你能看出这一点,它在浪漫领域会帮你很多,而且能帮你远离那些不断假装对你感兴趣的有毒的人。因为自恋者、有毒的人靠一副迷人诱人的外壳骗你,把你引进他们的世界,然后他们就能伤害你,就能把你困在陷阱里。能看出他们对你并非真心、只是在演,会帮你避开非常有害的关系。

我不记得刚才是不是在录着的时候跟你说过:重度自恋者有一双死掉的眼睛,他们几乎控制不了这一点。他们能假装笑容,能假装其他一切,但眼睛骗不了人。你说什么叫死掉的眼睛?你见到就知道了,里面没有生命,他们像是穿过你在看,不是在看你,而是穿过你,在看我能从你身上拿到什么。你是他们所谓的「自体客体」,你是一个供他们使用的对象,他们看你的眼神就像看一把锤子。

休伯曼: 「死眼」和「活眼」这个概念太迷人了。这档播客的听众都知道,因为我说得太多了,但我还要说一遍:眼睛是你的大脑里唯一在颅腔之外的两块组织。你眼球后壁上贴着的,就是两片脑。而瞳孔的动态变化,当然反映房间的明暗,但也反映毫秒级时间尺度上的唤醒水平。所以当一个人说出带着喜悦的话时,瞳孔会略微扩大,我刚才说反了。反过来,当一个人不那么兴奋、在绝望的时刻、在表达绝望时,瞳孔应该会变小一点,因为唤醒度在下降。所以我想我们在无意识层面上确实捕捉到了这些,「眼睛是死的」就是那个在我们留意时会冒出来的结论。

格林: 但问题在于,它只登记在无意识层面,我们不给它任何分量。我们相信词语,相信自己的理性,而不相信对人的直觉。所以有时你第一次见到一个人,脑子里警报响了,这人有什么不对劲,然后你把它忘了,因为你不信任大脑给你的那些最初的无意识信号。你首先得信任这些直觉是极有价值的。

另一件事是深度留意语调。演员会告诉你,声音是最难伪造的东西。兴奋很难装,你的声音要么有,要么没有。自信也很难装。关于这个已经有很多书写过,我就不展开细节了。但一个人会通过声音泄露出大量他正在经历的情绪,尤其是自信水平,比如颤抖的声音,或者洪亮自信的声音,有些人能装,但通常很难,你还是能看穿。

在诱惑的层面上,男人对女人的声音极其敏感,但我们并不自知,因为母亲的声音在我们极早的幼年里有过巨大的影响:她的歌声,她的语调,那大概是我们经历的第一次诱惑。女人的声音对我们有巨大的力量。所以,一个让你觉得刺耳或恼人的声音,是很坏的信号,它比我们刚才谈的那些特征都更深。而一个让你想起母亲那种吟唱般的、不管那是什么感觉的女声,很容易就能诱惑你。

休伯曼: 这可以叫「皮层下的求偶」,用我们这些书呆子神经科学家的说法,就是在皮层以下。我们用词语表达,我们当然用皮层感知世界,但我们真正谈的是皮层以下的东西,是我们的历史,是我们的硬布线,是我们的独特性。

我忍不住想到,前面我们谈到现在可参与的事、可交往的人的选项无限多,而你现在谈的是这些微小的语调变化、声音和身体沟通的细微处。无论是表情符号、加了滤镜的照片,还是如今如此普遍的以短信为默认的沟通方式,我们似乎拥有了更多的选项、更多的输入,但输入之间的质的差别却被归进了少数几个简单的格子,像是我们退化到只剩原色,而画布却变得巨大。不知道这个类比成不成立,但你懂我的意思。因为归根到底,要在职业、恋爱、友情上做出好的选择,你需要大量的例子和信息,才能捕捉到那些细微差别。而只要还是表情符号和从上往下拍的滤镜照片,请给我一张正面平视以下角度的照片吧,请发一张你最难看的表情来。这一切似乎给欺骗增加了更多机会。我说的不只是人误导别人,也包括我们误导自己:天哪,我怎么又在这个领域失望了。这不一定是浪漫关系,也可能是别的领域。怎么会被骗呢?你被骗,是因为输入不足,用我们的说法就是数据不够好。

格林: 问题在于,如果你浸泡在虚拟领域里,你极难掌握非语言沟通这件如此重要的事。如果你在交友软件上约会,划来划去然后找到那个人,你就错过了人生中最棒的体验之一:你得真的出门去酒吧,去餐馆,去某个社交场合,真的和一个人面对面遭遇,去观察他的行为,去评估他是谁。这是一块肌肉,你必须留意非语言沟通。如果你只是在表情符号里打转,只是在软件上滑动,这块肌肉就会完全萎缩,你没有力量,你什么都解不出来。这就是很多用这些软件的人正在发生的事。

社交技能和任何技能一样,必须练出来,它是一块需要锻炼的肌肉。你大概在自己的生活里注意过:如果你有一阵子退缩,不想和人相处,这么过了一个月,然后你出门,你会觉得别扭,要花上几天才能重新习惯和人相处,你会说蠢话,你的肢体语言很笨拙。可如果你连续几个月不停地和人互动,比如在一个片场,日复一日,那项技能就开始生长。但你必须出现在真实世界里,必须互动,必须去看别人的情绪,必须实时地判断他们。我们不是为虚拟遭遇造出来的,我们是血肉之躯,我们需要看着彼此的眼睛,需要留意那些只有面对面才能获得的细节和细微差别。

人工智能与三层智能

休伯曼: 顺着这条线,你怎么看人工智能,以及它将如何塑造我们的自我感、对他人的感知和各种关系?我知道这不是几分钟能谈完的题目,但你最主要的、乃至更深的看法是什么?

格林: 我要惹一批人生气了。我对它相当担忧。

我前面讲过焦虑在思考中的作用:你碰上一个想法,觉得不错,然后你进到下一层,它变好了;然后你说,也许这不太好,你再进一层,到第三层,它越来越好。这中间你是有焦虑的。

智能的另一个面向是自我觉察:能够看着自己说,我有偏见,我有确认偏误,我有信念偏误,我有近因偏误,我必须抵消这些东西;我还有阴影面,我有攻击性,我必须意识到它们如何给我的思考和情绪染色。

第三个品质,我现在说的是智能,不是人工智能,是看见整体图景的能力,就是科学家们的那种「啊哈」时刻:你积累了各种数据点,然后突然之间,一个图像浮现在脑海里,答案在那儿,你看见了整体。西蒙娜·薇依把它比作一个立方体:你只能看到立方体的一个面,你永远看不到完整的立方体;即使它在旋转,你看到的仍然只是一个个面,只有在心智中你才能想象出那个整体。所以心智必须走一个过程,才能进行整体性的思考。

如果他们能造出一台能够处理焦虑、本身就有焦虑、并且能走到第三层的机器;如果他们能造出一台有自我觉察、能够说「给我编程的人有偏见,因此我有偏见;我也有阴影面,因为给我编程的人有阴影面」的机器;如果这台机器还能超越所有数据点和汇集起来的海量信息进行整体性思考,能有那个「啊哈」时刻,那好,我就承认那里有人类意识,那里有创造力。

我还想说另一件事。我在伯克利念书时,才十九岁,有一个暑假我做了一个对我来说是重大范式转变的决定:我要修古希腊语。六个星期里他们教完一年的古希腊语,也就是说每天有一场考试,每周五有一场期末考,每天八小时死磕一门死语言。老实说,在吸了太多毒品之后,我觉得这会是对我最好的一场纪律训练。

到快结课的时候,他们给了我们一段最难的古希腊作家的文字,是修昔底德。我盯着它,我有一整夜的时间去翻译那一段,我怎么也弄不懂。你得明白古希腊语有多怪,那些词尾,那些奇怪的思维方式。那个「啊哈」时刻始终躲着我。某一刻我以为我明白了,我翻出来交给老师。第二天,我记得他是那种伯克利才有的嬉皮士,丹尼斯,古典学教授,同时是个嬉皮士。

休伯曼: 你只记得他的名字,这本身就很说明问题。

格林: 我只记得他的名字,丹尼斯。他说,罗伯特,我能看见你的思路,但你得再上一层,你没有那个「啊哈」时刻,你没有把整件事拼起来,你很接近了,但没到,你得再用力些。这句话永远留在了我脑子里:每当我碰上一个问题,我必须想得更用力,我必须上到下一层。

现在设想一下,如果我当时拉出一份现成的修昔底德译文抄上去会怎样?或者,如果我把它扔进 ChatGPT,它把译文给了我,会怎样?我脑子里那块花了四十年养出来、让我能写书的肌肉,就永远不会长出来。那块肌肉就是「我不知道答案,我必须上到另一层,我必须更用力,我必须想,我必须让那台引擎轰鸣起来」。可如果我直接抓 ChatGPT,它就死了。然后我们会有整整一代人停止思考,不再走这个过程。

你大概听说过侯世达,他说过,人们为了登珠峰要训练好几个月,体力消耗,痛苦,然后他们爬上珠峰,看见峰顶,哇,多了不起的时刻。他说,ChatGPT 相当于坐直升机到珠峰顶,不经过任何训练,却拥有同一个时刻。那不是同一回事。你需要走那个过程,你需要经历那份痛苦。

而且我们自以为如此现代、如此老练,其实我们只是被魔术诱惑了。你把问题输进去,看着文字往外流,哇,像变魔术,像个魔术师。可它是空的,那不是你的大脑在运转,那是我们身上异教的那一部分,我们喜欢这种魔法,而不愿意真的走一遍思考的过程。

所以我不反对使用工具,我用工具,我用互联网,我用谷歌,我为书里的某个事实去搜索,找到了就用,我喜欢它。但我同时也学会了发展自己的大脑,让那台引擎不停地转。我深深担忧的是那些学不会一门外语、无法精通任何东西、只会立刻抓住它生成的第一个答案的人。我有我的顾虑。

休伯曼: 我也有。我刚才在想,有人听到你这番话可能会说,当年关于汽车大概也有人这么讲:人们开始从一个地方开车到另一个地方,会失去多少美妙的步行体验。但我认为有一个关键区别,这也完全契合你刚才说的:你谈的不是用不同方式到达同一个目的地,你说的是,当一个人付出努力、经历焦虑抵达那里时,目的地本身是不同的。所以它不像汽车对马、对步行、对飞机,它是根本不同的,因为旅程改变了结果。

格林: 是的。

休伯曼: 关于人工智能的许多方面我同意你的看法,在某些语境下我也对它感到兴奋。

格林: 我同意它可以是工具。但我说的是:究竟是我们在操作工具,还是工具在操作我们。

休伯曼: 我也有点担心,尤其是在我们今天谈了大半天的这些事情的语境里,担心化身替代我们在线上的人格。我们的化身其实已经在成形了:通过滤镜,通过把情绪表达压缩成表情符号,通过把描述感受的语言压缩成极少数几个词。这档播客之前的一位嘉宾,情绪领域的专家丽莎·费尔德曼·巴雷特告诉我,当一种文化为某一类焦虑的感受造出一个词,比如日语里有一个词专指「剪坏了头发时的那种难过」,这个词会让那种感觉正常化,从而减少绝望感。而现在很多孩子学到的只有:我焦虑,我难过,我抑郁。

在科学里我们说,有「合并派」和「拆分派」,他们为此争论多年:这到底是一个脑结构还是两个?如果我把这两个东西命名为两样东西,不仅可以用自己的名字命名其中之一,这种事确实常发生,而且,当合并派太多或拆分派太多时,事情要么过于简单,要么过于复杂。正确答案、最好的命名方式大概在中间,一个领域正是这样推进的。如果你把东西合并得太厉害,这个领域就无法前进,你会有一种在前进的幻觉,其实没有。但如果你把它拆成一百万个子类,比如「肾上腺素」这个词又叫「去甲肾上腺素的同类物」,这纯粹是人们在争谁该拿功劳。

格林: 太疯狂了,这把人搞糊涂了几十年。

休伯曼: 而且这里还有别的故事,我对涉及的科学家知道得太多了。神经系统某些部位的命名背后有一段三角恋,有人睡了别人的伴侣。科学里的命名之争,一大半戏剧性都来自三角恋,这个我可以讲一小时。总之,我从你这里听到的是:我们不能失去对细微差别的感受力,因为那种感受力接通的是我们真正在经历的东西,而人工智能威胁的正是这一点,我们可能变成自己的化身。

格林: 这样看吧。我们崇拜技术,它是我们的新宗教。我们把 ChatGPT 当神来拜,这里面真的有宗教的成分。而我们真正该崇拜的是人脑,那是已知宇宙中最伟大的造物。恐怕它也是整个宇宙中最复杂的一块物质:神经元的数量,突触的数量,神经元之间可能连接的数量,几乎是无限的。它是一件奇妙的仪器,它如此强大,而我们只刮到了它用途的表皮。让我们崇拜你脑袋里的那个大脑吧。你只有这么多年可以用它,只有这么多机会去开发它。它如此奇妙、如此强大,能给你带来那么多愉悦,那么多人生中的力量。

工具当然可以,我们都需要工具,我们需要锤子,需要钉子,需要锯子。但真正要紧的是使用工具的那只手,是把手和锤子连起来、知道怎么敲下去的那个大脑。

我想到十九世纪的大画家雷诺阿。他晚年中风还是别的什么病,右臂再也动不了了,而他是用右手画画的,这是灾难。于是他把画笔叼在嘴里作画,还这样画出了一些美丽的作品。因为掌握了绘画艺术的不是他的手,是他的大脑。他的大脑掌握得如此之好,以至于他用嘴叼着笔也能画好,因为他能指挥它,他知道怎么把一样东西做得完美。

大脑实在太不可思议了。中风之后我正在发现的大脑的可塑性,简直是奇迹。我记不清是不是加州大学洛杉矶分校的施瓦茨教授,他研究强迫症,通过某些可塑性练习治好病人,让他们意识到自己的「脑锁」并从中脱身。大脑的可塑性是所有奇迹中最伟大的一个,而且它一直延续到你六十岁、七十岁,还在继续。让我们都跪下来崇拜大脑吧。如果我们真这么做,我们的价值观会彻底翻转,我们就不会那么轻易地被技术诱惑、迷住、膜拜,我们会去崇拜创造技术的那些大脑,而不是反过来。

休伯曼: 坐在这边的这位当然是大脑及其可塑性潜力的粉丝。我有个便利条件:我的学术曾祖父是休伯尔和维厄瑟尔,他们因为关键期的神经可塑性获得了诺贝尔奖。

格林: 你再说一遍?

休伯曼: 我的学术曾祖父是戴维·休伯尔和托斯滕·维厄瑟尔。戴维已经去世,托斯滕还在世,九十六岁了。他们因为发现发育早期那个可塑性特别旺盛的关键窗口获得诺贝尔奖。他们还做了别的工作,坦白说凭视觉方面的另一些研究,他们本该拿两次诺贝尔奖。但他们漏掉的一件事,正是你刚才提到、值得再强调一遍的:大脑在整个生命历程中都保持着巨大的可塑性潜力,这一点是绝对清楚的。早年和晚年的条件不同,但你的具体情形恰恰凸显了这一点。

中风那天

休伯曼: 如果你愿意的话,我想花几分钟谈谈这个。你提到自己经历了一次中风。有些人知道,但那些只听音频、没看视频的听众可能不知道:你今天穿的这件衬衫设计得很漂亮,但在它原本的样子之外,还多了一些独特的缝线。给只听声音的朋友描述一下:有一道锯齿状的缝线,从罗伯特左边的短袖一直延伸到中线,也就是纽扣所在的位置;另一道从右边短袖同样延伸到中线,两道错开。这种缝线看上去像是我本人坐在缝纫机前缝的,不算技术高超,但他们把它拼回去了,活干得不错。为什么这件衬衫上有这些针脚?给我们讲讲那次中风,我们来聊聊神经可塑性。

格林: 它也可以被当成一种时尚宣言,但它不是。

那是二〇一八年五月,我生日那天,妻子送了我这件衬衫。我爱格纹,不知为什么,我就是爱图案,爱格纹,大概我身上有某种苏格兰的成分,某种祖先的东西,反正我爱格纹。

休伯曼: 请允许我简短打断一下,大家都要嫌我老打断了。你知不知道,你的视觉皮层里有一条专门用来探测格纹图案的基础回路?

格林: 我不知道。

休伯曼: 真的有。它和你感知运动的能力紧密相关。我们改天再细讲,先埋个引子。好,回到你的生日。

格林: 好。她送了我这件格纹衬衫,因为她知道我多爱格纹。我爱这件衬衫,爱它的配色。两三个月后,二〇一八年八月十七日,我在开车,她在车上。我正要并进车流,开起来之后,突然一切变得非常奇怪,所有东西看起来都不对,我的声音听上去也不一样了。她一直在喊,罗伯特靠边停,靠边停。我说为什么,我能开,我没事。她当时是慌了,但实际上相当镇定,这很了不起。

我正在中风。一个血栓阻断了流向我大脑的血液。我一度还下了车,我也不知道自己在想什么,然后她把我拽了回来,之后的记忆就空白了。我有一些奇怪的感觉至今还留着,因为我当时基本上是在死亡边缘:血不流向大脑,基本就是你的终点,除非有事情发生得非常快,否则不是死就是严重脑损伤。

她立刻打了 911,她认出我整张脸都不对劲。急救人员赶到时我已经昏迷了,他们把这件衬衫用剪刀剪成两半,从我头上脱下来,然后我想是从胯部插管进去,血栓在我脖子里,他们把它疏通了,把我火速送到医院。

我昏迷着,然后我醒了,我躺在医院的推床上。有那么一瞬间我以为自己死了,因为我躺在推床上,几乎感觉自己在棺材里,我不知道发生了什么,我有各种奇怪的感觉。

我跟人说,我们对死亡如此好奇,我们常常想死亡,它是不是终点,它意味着什么。我们真正该关注的是「垂死」。在某些方面,垂死比死亡有意思得多。如果过程足够长,将死之人会经历一个过程;有过濒死体验的人,比如我,走过那个过程又活了回来。在垂死的过程中,大脑里会发生一些奇怪的事。尤其是中风这类情况,血液、氧气停止流向大脑,你会有幻象,你可能以为那是幻觉,但事后回想,你其实是在窥见真实,而不是大脑造出来的那个幻象。

我在新书里写了这件事。我关于大脑的看法是:它为你制造出无穷无尽的幻象。它造出一个无缝的现实版本,造出一个「自我」的感觉,一个贯穿时间的连续自我的感觉;它造出线性的时间推进感,它造出颜色,它造出一个在视觉上看起来熟悉的世界。但这一切都是幻象,都是建构。图像进入你的大脑时并没有任何组织,是大脑把它们组织成你能理解的样子。

而当你正在死去时,这一切都被打乱了,你实际上看见了别的东西。比如我看见:我其实没有一个自我,它并不真的存在。当时坐在推床上,浮现在我脑中的图像很难解释,那像是你把世界上一样真实的东西的影像彻底打乱,它波动着,你看不出那到底是什么。对我来说,那就是「自我」的图像。你体内有大约五十个不同的自我在互相竞争,而你以为只有一个,以为它是连贯的,其实不是,那是幻象。自我真的是大脑建构出来的幻象。人在垂死的时候会看见这些。

你还会看见别的,比如时间是非常怪的东西。我下车又被拽回去的那段,我以为过了大约十秒,我妻子告诉我那是十分钟左右。我完全没有时间感,一切都是乱的。这让我学到了太多,多到我现在都很难表达出来。我常常有各种奇怪的念头冒出来,因为我的大脑受过损伤。

它让我意识到,是大脑创造了一切。我的大脑没法和我的手、我的手指沟通,没法和我的腿沟通。你以为走路、写字、拿东西不过是身体在以某种方式运作,其实是你的大脑在告诉这些部件怎么动。当大脑停止运作,你才明白大脑决定了一切,一切都从那里开始。而当你的大脑受损,你的整个思维方式都会改变,更不用说经历这种事之后你怎么看待生命本身。

所以那是一次可怕的经历,它毁掉了我生命中许多我热爱的东西。但它也回给了我很多东西,多到我可以讲上几个小时,因为那是我一生中最有力量的一次经历。

休伯曼: 你在医院里重新回到意识的过程中,你是感觉自己在观察多个版本的自己吗?换个说法:你是觉得自己站在自己大脑那块电路板的后面,看着它平时怎么运转,因而看见了多个版本的自我;还是别的什么,比如你在自己的身体和大脑之外?

格林: 我想更像是在身体和大脑之外。还有另一件事发生了。记忆有时会骗人,所以我得承认,也许我记得的并不完全是当时发生的,或者我后来把它翻译成了别的样子,这是一个我清楚的前提。当时我第一次恢复意识时有一个幻象:我已经死了,我在天上往下看,我母亲和我妻子在说话,我猜是在我的墓前。我有一种感觉:嗯,一切都好,我走了,但生活继续,她们过得还行,没关系。

至于那种自我的感觉,我不知道它到底是怎么回事,我知道它发生过,但我觉得它是从外面来的,我真的说不清答案,因为那段记忆很混乱。

我还有另一种感觉:中风时,生命正从我体内流走,我的骨头越来越软、越来越软。我没法从逻辑上解释「骨头软化并溶解」的感觉,但在之后的好几周、好几个月里,我都能重新调出那种骨头溶解的感觉,那是你所有能量都在流失、你真的正在死去的感觉。

后来我读了很多关于濒死体验的书,那是我下一本书的很大一部分,天哪,太迷人了,可以深挖的东西太多,因为它教给我们太多东西。

失去与得到

休伯曼: 我非常庆幸,第一,你从中风中活了下来。

格林: 没有人比我更庆幸。

休伯曼: 大概是的,但我也非常庆幸。第二,你的心智机能不但保住了,甚至还在生长。你看上去极其敏锐,我向你保证你没漏掉任何一拍。人总会担心这个。实际上,人们最常见的恐惧之一,就是自己正在失去心智或记忆,而自己毫无察觉。我有家人跟我说,如果他们有朝一日出现严重痴呆的迹象,就请我了结他们,我不会那么做,那不是我在这世上的位置。但我想这是人们普遍的恐惧。而你依然极其敏锐,谢天谢地。

你提到,虽然你失去了一些能力,但也浮现出新的体会和新的能力。能不能分享一下那是些什么,对你意味着什么?因为我们听说一个人中风,往往聚焦在他缺失了什么,但这显然也是一次在正面意义上改变人的经历。

格林: 我不得不面对自己的一些心魔。我得面对这样一种心态:我对生活有所期待,而这些期待被拿走了,我对活着这件事并不心存感激,我为系个鞋带要花十分钟、为扣不上衬衫的扣子而恼火。我必须学会什么才是真正要紧的,学会耐心。

另一件事是,我以前爱徒步,身体非常活跃。现在我坐在办公室的窗前,看着人们跑上跑下,骑车,遛狗,天哪,我好羡慕。如果我现在能去遛一只狗,我会是世上最快乐的人。但接着我会走一个也许不完全健康的思维过程:他们并不知道遛狗这件事有多美妙,而我知道。所以当我到后院去,我走不了路,看到,我知道这听上去俗气又滥情,看到蝴蝶,看到花园里的一些东西,我会想,哇,太不可思议了。这些是我以前无法欣赏的,因为现在我坐着不能动,我必须突然去留意周围的一切,不把它当作理所当然,把能榨出来的愉悦都榨出来。

所以现在我坐到书桌前写新书,一次是四小时,因为我只能撑这么久,有时是三小时。那四个小时对我来说是极乐,我是真心珍惜它,因为我知道我的大脑差点就没了。所以它对我意义重大。而仅仅是活着,就是一件奇妙的事。

我新书里有一章叫「向活着的奇异性醒来」,讲的是:如果你想一想,人类居然演化出来这件事有多么不可能,我们居然存在,这有多么不可能。我们必须穿过演化中所有那些瓶颈,包括恐龙的消失和哺乳动物的兴起,此外还有二十个巨大的瓶颈横贯演化史,我们必须全部穿过来。八万年前我们差点因为某种病毒灭绝,地球上只剩下八千个人。所有这些事情,然后我们就在这里,开着 Zoom 会议。这是你能想象的最奇怪的故事,超出科幻小说,可没有人想这件事,没有人坐下来说,天哪,我活着。如果你回溯那条一代代相遇、生育、最后通向你父母的人链,你出生的不可能性是天文数字级别的。我是说,除非我的科学全错了,七万代人的相遇,最后汇到你的 DNA 上。除非我漏了什么,这相当不可能。可没有人想这件事。

我现在当然会想,因为我差点死了,而且我也没有别的事可想,我得给我的大脑找点乐子,就像米尔顿·埃里克森必须靠观察人来给自己找乐子一样。

所以它从我这里拿走了很多。我不能游泳了,我骑我的躺式自行车,我很喜欢,可八十岁的老太太从我旁边嗖地就过去了,该死的,太难受了,我羡慕得要命,我所有的不安全感都涌上来。但接着我意识到:嘿,我像是在一条船上,我在航行,多好啊,我在户外。我必须走一遍这些过程,但我认为它在某种意义上让我成长了,最终是非常正面的。

休伯曼: 听上去你不得不适应一个新的��率:旧电影有它的帧率,这部电影有另一个帧率,而在这个帧率里,有些礼物是你在从前那个版本的自己身上一定会错过的。是这样吗?

格林: 是的。不过我也常跟人说:我以前完全把自己的生活当成理所当然。我一直在游泳,感觉好极了,我骑车,我旅行,但我从来没有坐下来想过,哇,这多美妙,我多感激,这一切随时可能被拿走。我跟人说,别这样对自己,我试着教他们:明天它就可能被拿走。当你在外面走路时,想想我,想想那个不能遛狗的我,去珍惜那些我从前不懂得珍惜的东西。我能帮上忙的时候,我就这样帮。

死地

休伯曼: 我觉得一个关键的讯息,是在人们心里唤起一种紧迫感。人们听到「紧迫感」大概会说,天哪,我的压力已经够大了,生活已经够难了。但我们说的不是「更多地承担生活扔过来的东西」的紧迫感,我们说的是找到自己目的的紧迫感,那需要功夫,是一个持续的过程,是真正走出冷漠、懒惰、萎靡的状态,开始像你说的那样更深地留意。这个概念对我极其重要,而且我是从你那里学到的:怎么把自己从泥沼里拽出来?从更深地留意周围和体内的事物开始。也许并非巧合,你把它称为「死地」。

格林: 那是我书里的一个战略。我写过一本讲战略的书,我自己的《孙子兵法》,叫《战争的33条战略》,但它真正讲的是战略性思维。它受孙子启发,孙子是伟大的中国战略家,而这本书有很广的哲学含义。

你几乎可以把它想成气压。当必要性压向你,当你的背贴着墙,当你必须把某件事做成,当这种压力围着你,你会在里面找到自己从不相信自己拥有的能量。威廉·詹姆斯谈「第二次呼吸」时讲得非常漂亮:当你感到自己的生命处在危险中,你突然能跃过以前绝对跃不过去的东西。

所以孙子说,把军队置于死地,它就会死战到胜利为止。意思是把一支军队背靠大海或背靠高山地摆开,不赢就得死,他们会拼上十倍的力气。当死亡迎面而来,当紧迫、截止期限、逼近你的人压过来,你会找到平时缺乏的那股能量。

而当这股气压松开,一点都没有的时候,你以为自己有的是时间,你什么也做不成。哇,我二十三岁,前面还有那么多年,我会想明白的,我不会死,我还有五十年、七十年、八十年。不,你没有。压力没了,你在浪费时间,你在做一堆不通向任何技能的事,你没在学任何东西。

你需要把自己置于死地,你需要感受到那种气压,而那正是真实的现实。真实的现实是:你明天就可能死,明天就可能中风,明天就可能被解雇,一切都可能垮掉。你现在就需要那种紧迫感,因为那才是现实。以为自己有的是时间,是在骗自己。而当你感受到那股压力时,你突然能移山,你有了能量,你有了专注,在神经层面上一切都到位了。

那些体验过「船要沉了,我最好振作起来活下去」的人,都会谈到这些身体上的变化。我新书里有一个故事,希望我没把你讲烦。

休伯曼: 恰恰相反。

格林: 是关于一位登山者的。他独自爬一座山,爬得很尽兴,但有暴风雨要来,他必须下山。他突然摔了下去,腿被割开一个大口子,还有一根树枝插在里面,骨头断了好几处,他快要死了。他在一处岩架上,看得见天色越来越暗,暴风云正在聚集,那是在落基山脉,他孤身一人。突然,他设法站了起来,他说不清是怎么做到的,但所有这些能量、这些肾上腺素开始在他体内奔流。他说自己像一只岩羊,沿着岩架往下走,他跳,他能落到下一处岩架上,他脱险了,他出来了。

接下来二十年他一直被那个问题纠缠:那是怎么发生的?我想再要一次那种感觉,因为那其实是我经历过的最狂喜的感觉,我身上有过我从不知道自己拥有的能量。于是他什么都试,他去爬别的山,他去爬珠峰,可那种感觉回不来。最后他大致弄清了它的公式和原因,他研究了大量神经科学。那是一本很好的书,我在新书里用到了它,叫《骨头游戏》(Bone Games),很有意思,里面有很多科学内容。他在较小的程度上找回了那种感觉,但那感觉的本质就是:你的命有危险,我最好振作起来,否则就是终结,然后肾上腺素、多巴胺以及其他一切在他体内涌现,他找到了那股能量。这就是终极意义上的死地。

尾声

休伯曼: 人求生的意志实在惊人。所以我要再说一遍,我非常庆幸那次中风没有把你带走,因为你身上显然还有那么多东西,而且你还在继续分享这些极其有用的知识。

格林: 谢谢。

休伯曼: 这对我来说实在令人惊叹。今天这场对谈,我是从感激开始的,感激你已经为我的人生、为许多人的人生所做的一切。很清楚,你一直在进行一场觅食式的探索,而这场为组织和传达信息而进行的觅食,主要以书的形式呈现,也包括线上内容。你有一个很棒的 YouTube 频道,我订阅了,也在跟着看,听得全神贯注。还有你分享信息的其他场合,包括今天这一场,都非常宝贵,令人感激。

我想代表我自己,代表那些认识你和你的作品多年的人,也代表那些从现在起一定会知道你是谁、你在做什么的许多人说:这些东西显然是从心里来的,无论最早种下它的那颗种子是什么,我们都为此感激,我们都因此过得更好。我可以把这份清单列得很长很长,列举你以多少种具体的方式让人生的旅程变得更好、更清晰。生活当然可能很难,但它也可能非常令人困惑。而我觉得「罗伯特·格林的地图」,虽然只是众多地图中的一张,却是一张极有价值、值得使用的地图,对我来说确实如此。所以,罗伯特,非常非常感谢你今天的分享,感谢你所做的一切,以及你仍在做和一定会做的一切。

格林: 谢谢你。我希望我能找到一个词来形容听到这些话时那种奇怪的情绪,也许没有这个词,也许意第绪语里有,也许凯尔特语里有,我不知道。总之,谢谢你。

休伯曼: 等你的下一本书出来,我们一定要再请你来。等不及了,但我们会等。

格林: 好,希望那时我还在。

休伯曼: 我很有信心你会在。

格林: 好,谢谢,再来。

休伯曼: 非常感谢,我希望我会。

本期讲者
安德鲁·休伯曼斯坦福大学医学院神经生物学与眼科学教授,视觉系统与神经可塑性研究者。2021 年创办 Huberman Lab 播客,长期位居健康科普类榜首。
罗伯特·格林美国作家,著有《权力的 48 条法则》《诱惑的艺术》《精通》《人性的法则》《战争的 33 条战略》,全球销量逾千万册。2018 年因血栓中风,此后在身体受限的条件下继续写作,新书主题为「崇高」。
章节 · 点击跳转视频
0:00 开场:为什么推荐《精通》这本书 ▶ 正在看
8:48 人生任务:找回童年的冲动之声 ▶ 正在看
34:55 真实的崇高与虚假的崇高 ▶ 正在看
43:36 权力不是操控,而是影响的能力 ▶ 正在看
55:24 诱惑、禁忌与脆弱的正面价值 ▶ 正在看
1:08:08 性与权力:谁在真正掌控关系 ▶ 正在看
1:33:26 男女气质的迷茫与拼图式导师 ▶ 正在看
1:58:48 择偶:性格契合、幽默与神秘感 ▶ 正在看
2:16:11 非语言沟通:眼睛、声音、微表情 ▶ 正在看
2:32:20 AI 会让思考的肌肉萎缩吗 ▶ 正在看
2:44:50 中风、濒死与大脑造出的幻象 ▶ 正在看
3:00:38 死地:把自己逼到退无可退 ▶ 正在看
本期论点
本期回应
2:36:53
随手依赖 ChatGPT 会让一整代人失去在困难处再深入一层的思考能力 应当害怕AI 值得害怕吗?
2:49:56
连贯的自我、线性时间与熟悉的视觉世界,都是大脑构建出来的幻象 只是错觉真的存在一个「我」吗?
其他论点
11:15
四五岁时脑中出现的「冲动之声」,指明了一个人天然的倾向所在
15:46
人在情感上投入一门学科时,大脑的学习速度是不投入时的两到四倍 观察
38:55
真正的崇高必须由自身头脑与经验生成,来自毒品与网络愤怒的虚假崇高只会让人越要越多
46:38
权力的根源是人类天生对环境缺乏掌控的痛苦感,而不是支配他人的欲望
50:28
越压抑对权力的需求,它越会以被动攻击的方式冒出来
58:17
「这是被禁止的」这种禁忌感,才是人类诱惑欲望的终极来源
1:10:40
关系里看似弱势、不主动追求的一方往往真正掌控走向,因为「允许」本身就是权力
1:18:08
爱的最高形式是放下权力动态,承认彼此不同,但在值得被尊重上完全平等
1:37:40
真正的男性气质是内在韧性与安静的自信,纵欲、飙车、施暴恰恰是软弱的表现
1:52:57
一个人如何处理焦虑,是决定他能否成功、能否找到职业道路的最重要品质
2:05:26
深层价值观在多个层面契合才是长久亲密关系的基础,性吸引力与外在条件撑不住
2:11:34
神秘感是关系存续的必要条件,一个被完全看透的伴侣终将让人厌倦
3:02:25
当必要性把人逼到非做成不可时,人会调动出平时不相信自己拥有的能量
01开场:为什么推荐《精通》这本书
0:00
welcome to the huberman Lab podcast where we discuss science and science-based tools for everyday [Music] life I'm Andrew huberman and I'm a professor of neurobiology and Opthalmology at Stanford School of Medicine my guest today is Robert Green Robert Green is an author who has written more than five bestselling books including the 48 Laws of Power the laws of human nature and Mastery he did his bachelor's training at the University of California Berkeley and the University of Wisconsin at Madison Robert Green's books are both unique and important for several reasons not the least of which is that they explore the interaction between the psychology of self self-exploration and the psychology of human interaction all rooted in history and modern culture and at the same time in a way that pertains to everybody I first learned about Robert's work from reading the book Mastery which to my mind is a brilliant exploration and a practical tool for how to think about and pursue one's purpose purp whenever
欢迎收听 Huberman Lab 播客,在这里我们探讨科学以及基于科学的实用工具,帮助改善日常生活。我是 Andrew Huberman,我是斯坦福大学医学院神经生物学与眼科学教授。今天的嘉宾是 Robert Greene。Robert Greene 是一位作家,他写过五本以上的畅销书,包括《权力的48条法则》《人性的法则》和《精通》。他在加州大学伯克利分校和威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校完成了本科学业。Robert Greene 的书之所以既独特又重要,有几个原因,其中很重要的一点是,它们探讨了自我探索的心理学与人际互动心理学之间的相互作用,而这一切都植根于历史和现代文化,同时又与每一个人都息息相关。我最初了解 Robert 的作品,是通过读《精通》这本书,在我看来,这本书对于如何思考并追寻自己的使命,是一次精彩的探索,也是一个实用的工具。每当
便签引用
1:00
I'm asked for book suggestions I always include Mastery in my top three recommendations during today's discussion we cover a wide range of topics including how to find and pursue and Achieve one's purpose we talk about the selection of a life partner as well as romantic and other types of relationships we also discussed the topics of motivation and urgency and this concept of death ground which arose during our discussion of Robert's recent stroke Robert stroke rendered him certain limitations but also has allowed him to explore how to write how to exercise indeed how to interface with life in general in new ways that allow him to continue to expand his sense of purpose I'm certain that by the end of today's episode you will have gleaned tremendous amounts of new knowledge that will allow you to navigate forward along the path to your purpose perhaps find your purpose if you feel you haven't done that yet as well as to greatly enhance your relationship with yourself with others and indeed to the world
有人向我讨要书单建议时,我总会把《精通》列进我最推荐的三本书里。在今天的对话中,我们涵盖了非常广泛的话题,包括如何寻找、追求并实现自己的使命;我们谈到了人生伴侣的选择,以及恋爱关系和其他类型的人际关系;我们还讨论了动力和紧迫感这些话题,以及“死地”这个概念,它是在我们谈到 Robert 最近中风的经历时提出来的。中风给 Robert 带来了一些身体上的限制,但也让他去探索如何写作、如何锻炼,乃至如何以全新的方式与生活相处,从而让他得以继续拓展自己的使命感。我相信,等你听完今天这一期,你一定会收获大量新的认知,帮助你在通往自己使命的道路上继续前行,也许还能找到你的使命——如果你觉得自己还没做到这一点的话——同时也能极大地改善你与自己的关系与他人的关系,乃至与周围世界的关系。在开始之前,我想强调一下,本播客独立于
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around you before we begin I'd like to emphas ize that this podcast is separate from my teaching and research roles at Stanford it is however part of my desire and effort to bring zero cost to Consumer information about science and science related tools to the general public in keeping with that theme I'd like to thank the sponsors of today's podcast our first sponsor is Roa Roa makes eyeglasses and sunglasses that are of the absolute highest quality I've spent a lifetime working on the biology the visual system I can tell you that your visual system has to contend with an enormous number of challenges in order for you to be able to see clearly Roa understands those challenges and has designed their eyeglasses and sunglasses accordingly so that you always see with Crystal Clarity Roa eyeglasses and sunglasses are designed with a new technology called float fit which allows them to fit perfectly and not move around even when you're active in fact whenever I'm wearing my Roa eyeglasses or sunglasses I usually forget that I'm
我在斯坦福的教学和研究工作。不过,它也是我希望并努力做到的事情的一部分:向大众免费提供关于科学以及科学相关工具的信息。秉持这一理念,我想感谢今天播客的赞助商。我们的第一位赞助商是 Roka。Roka 生产的眼镜和太阳镜品质绝对是顶级的。我一辈子都在研究视觉系统的生物学,我可以告诉你为了让你能看得清晰,你的视觉系统必须应对大量的挑战。Roka 了解这些挑战,并据此设计了他们的眼镜和太阳镜,让你的视野始终清晰通透。Roka 的眼镜和太阳镜采用了一项叫做 float fit 的新技术,让它们贴合得非常完美,不会滑动即使你在运动的时候也是如此。事实上,每当我戴着 Roka 的眼镜或太阳镜时,我常常会忘记自己
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2:49
wearing them I happen to wear Roa eyeglasses at night when I drive or if I'm reading at night and I wear Roa sunglasses during the daytime if it's very bright especially if I'm driving into sunlight if you'd like to try Roa eyeglasses or sunglasses you can go to roka.com that's r.com and enter the code huberman for 20% off your first order again that's r.com and enter the code huberman at checkout today's episode is also brought To Us by Helix sleep Helix sleep makes mattresses and pillows that are tailored to your unique sleep needs now sleep is the foundation of mental health physical health and performance when we are sleeping well and enough mental health physical health and performance all stand to be at their best one of the key things to getting a great night's sleep is to make sure that your mattress is tailored to your unique sleep needs Helix sleep has a brief two-minute quiz that if you go to their website you take that quiz and answer questions such as do you tend to sleep on your back your
戴着它们。我一般在晚上开车或者晚上阅读的时候戴 Roka 眼镜,白天光线特别强的时候戴 Roka 太阳镜,尤其是迎着阳光开车的时候。如果你想试试 Roka 的眼镜或太阳镜,可以访问roka.com,也就是 r-o-k-a.com,然后输入优惠码 huberman,首单可享八折。再说一遍,访问 roka.com,结账时输入优惠码 huberman。今天这期节目还由 Helix Sleep 赞助播出。Helix Sleep 生产的床垫和枕头,都是针对你独特的睡眠需求量身定制的。睡眠是心理健康、身体健康和表现的基础。当我们睡得好、睡得够,心理健康、身体健康和运动表现都能达到最佳状态。想拥有优质睡眠,关键之一就是确保你的床垫是针对你独特的睡眠需求量身定制的。Helix Sleep 有一个两分钟的小测试,你去他们网站上做这个测试,回答一些问题,比如你习惯仰睡、侧睡还是趴着睡?你半夜是容易发热还是容易发冷?
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side or your stomach do you tend to run hot or cold in the middle of the night maybe you don't know the answers to those questions and that's fine at the end of that two-minute quiz they will match you to a mattress that's ideal for your sleep needs I sleep on the dusk DUS us mattress and when I started sleeping on a dusk mattress about two years ago my sleep immediately improved so if you're interested in upgrading your mattress go to helixsleep.com huberman take their two-minute sleep quiz and they'll match you to a customized mattress for you and you'll get up to $350 off any mattress order and two free pillows again if interested go to Helix sleep.com huberman for up to $350 off and two free pillows today's episode is also brought To Us by waking up waking up is a meditation app that includes hundreds of meditation programs mindfulness trainings yoga NRA sessions and nsdr non-sleep deep rest protocols I started using the waking up app a few years ago because even though I've been doing regular meditation since my teens
也许你不知道这些问题的答案,没关系。两分钟的测试做完后,他们会为你匹配一款最适合你睡眠需求的床垫。我睡的是 Dusk 款床垫,大约两年前我开始睡 Dusk 床垫,我的睡眠立刻就改善了。所以如果你有兴趣升级你的床垫,去 helixsleep.com/huberman,做那个两分钟的睡眠测试,他们会为你匹配一款定制床垫,而且任何床垫订单你都能享受最高 350 美元的优惠,还有两个免费枕头。再说一次,有兴趣的话去 helixsleep.com/huberman,可享最高 350 美元优惠和两个免费枕头。今天这期节目还由 Waking Up 赞助播出。Waking Up 是一款冥想应用,里面有数百个冥想课程、正念训练、瑜伽休息术(Yoga Nidra)课程,以及 NSDR(非睡眠深度休息)方案。我开始用 Waking Up 这个应用是在几年前,虽然我从青少年时期就一直在定期冥想,大约十年前也开始练瑜伽休息术,
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and I started doing Yoga Nidra about a decade ago my dad mentioned to me that he had found an app turned out to be the waking up app which could teach you meditations of different durations and that had a lot of different types of meditations to place the brain and body into different states and that he liked it very much so I gave the waking up app a try and I too found it to be extremely useful because sometimes I only have a few minutes to meditate other times I have longer to meditate and indeed I love the fact that I can explore different types of meditation to bring about different levels of understanding about Consciousness but also to place my brain and body into lots of different kinds of States depending on which meditation I do I also love that the waking up app has lots of different types of Yoga Nidra sessions for those of you who don't know Yoga Nidra is a process of lying very still but keeping an active mind it's very different than most meditations and there's excellent
但我爸跟我提到他发现了一个应用,结果就是 Waking Up,它能教你不同时长的冥想,而且有很多不同类型的冥想,可以把大脑和身体带入不同的状态,他非常喜欢。所以我就试了试 Waking Up,我也觉得它极其有用,因为有时候我只有几分钟可以冥想,有时候我有更长的时间可以冥想。而且我确实很喜欢可以探索不同类型的冥想,从而获得对意识不同层次的理解,同时也能根据我做的是哪种冥想,把我的大脑和身体带入各种各样的状态。我还很喜欢 Waking Up 里有很多不同类型的瑜伽休息术课程。对于不了解的人来说,瑜伽休息术是一种躺着一动不动、但保持大脑活跃的过程,它和大多数冥想很不一样。而且有很好的科学数据表明,瑜伽休息术以及一种类似的方法——
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scientific data to show that yoganidra and something similar to it called non-sleep deep rest or nsdr can greatly restore levels of cognitive and physical energy even with just a short 10-minute session if you'd like to try the waking up app you can go to waking up.com huberman and access a free 30-day trial again that's waking up.com huberman to access a free 30-day trial and now for my discussion with Robert Green Robert I'm so happy you're here I'm reallyy happy to be here Andrew thank you so much for inviting me a short story in 2015 I was teaching a course to undergraduates this was a big course 450 students where was this this was when I was a professor at University of California San Diego I was about to move back to Stanford um but the course was entitled neural circuits in health and disease but there was a final lecture where I would do a lot of Q&A with the students about science about careers about career paths and what I found was that many of the students had questions about not just science but about how to
非睡眠深度休息(NSDR)——即使只做短短 10 分钟,也能大大恢复认知和身体的能量水平。如果你想试试 Waking Up,可以去 wakingup.com/huberman,获取 30 天免费试用。再说一次,wakingup.com/huberman,获取 30 天免费试用。现在开始我与罗伯特·格林的对谈。罗伯特,我非常高兴你能来。我也真的很高兴来到这里,Andrew,非常感谢你邀请我。讲个小故事,2015 年我给本科生开了一门课,是门大课,450 个学生。在哪里?那是我在加州大学圣地亚哥分校当教授的时候,我当时正要搬回斯坦福。那门课叫《健康与疾病中的神经环路》,但最后一节课我会和学生做大量问答,聊科学、聊职业、聊职业路径。我发现很多学生的问题不只是关于科学,而是关于如何
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learn and forage for information yeah and I recommended three books at the end of the course every year that I taught it I taught it for four years and one of the books was the book longitude which is a wonderful story about discovery of timekeeping devices at c um one book I'll leave as a mystery um not to be not to be mysterious but because it's not it's it's a science book I'll just tell you what it is it's um uh principles of Neuroscience so I thought that I don't know that one yeah it's a big it makes a better a door stop uh for most than than a book but it's it's a wonderful resource um if you want to learn about neuroscience and your book Mastery W and the reason I recommended Mastery is because these students were soon going to go into the great Jungle of yeah you know post uh undergraduate education and and for me I found Mastery to be an absolutely transformative book in that it taught me so much about how to learn from others how to expect certain types of um interactions when one kind of
学习、如何去搜寻信息。是的。所以我每年上这门课的最后都会推荐三本书,我教了四年。其中一本是《经度》(Longitude),它讲的是海上计时装置发明的精彩故事。有一本我就留个悬念吧,不是为了故弄玄虚,而是因为它不是……它是一本科学书,我还是直接说吧,是《神经科学原理》。所以我想……我不知道那本书。嗯,它很厚,对大多数人来说当门挡比当书更合适,但它是一本非常棒的参考书,如果你想学神经科学的话。还有就是你的书《Mastery》(《大师》)。我推荐《Mastery》的原因是,这些学生马上就要进入本科毕业之后那片巨大的丛林了,而对我来说,《Mastery》是一本彻底改变我的书,它教会了我很多东西:如何向他人学习,当一个人把自己交给一位导师时该期待怎样的互动,反过来
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assigns themselves to a mentor um and vice versa and it talked about some things that we'll get into in more depth today but not the least of which is about identifying that um unique seed that exists within all of us that can guide our best decisions in terms of finding our purpose and it and so I will usually end with a great debt of gratitude and I'll probably do that again at the end but I want to start with a great debt of gratitude uh Mastery transformed my entire life and and in many ways this podcast probably wouldn't exist were it not for Mastery because um it really embedded in me this idea that we all have uh a deeper purpose and it explains how to go about finding that purpose so I tell you that and I also will use that as a segue for um asking you now since I'm sure people's ears are picked up to this you know how do you find your purpose um could you share with us what what it is to find one's purpose and how early life events perhaps can cue us to what that purpose is for each of us well thank you
也一样。书里还谈到一些我们今天会更深入聊的内容,其中最重要的一点是关于识别出我们每个人身上都存在的那颗独特的种子,它能在我们寻找人生使命时指引我们做出最好的决定。所以我通常会在最后表达深深的谢意,等会儿结尾我大概还会再说一次,但我想一开始就表达深深的谢意——《Mastery》改变了我的整个人生。在很多意义上,如果没有《Mastery》,这个播客可能根本不会存在,因为它真的在我心里种下了一个观念:我们每个人都有一个更深层的使命,而且它解释了该如何去找到那个使命。我说这些,同时也想以此作为引子,来问你——我相信大家听到这儿都竖起耳朵了——一个人到底该怎么找到自己的使命?你能不能跟我们聊聊,找到自己的使命意味着什么,以及早年的人生经历如何可能给我们线索,提示每个人各自的使命是什么?非常感谢
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02人生任务:找回童年的冲动之声
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for that that marvelous introduction I'm almost blushing that's that's fantastic story um well you know being a human being is not easy as opposed to an animal because we're born and nobody gives us like a direction our parents might be a little bit our college teachers Etc mentors but generally we're on our own and it's a very very difficult process you wake up in the morning and you don't really know what you're what you can do you could choose 12 different paths it can be very confusing and very overwhelming when you find that sense of purpose when you find what I call your life's task everything has a direction everything has a purpose your energy is concentrated it's it's not like you're just going down a single narrow pathway it's not like life becomes boring and it's just about discipline and solving problems it's actually the most exciting thing that can ever happen to you because you never have that lost feeling you wake up in the morning you go yeah this is what I need to accomplish people come at you
你这段精彩的介绍,我都快脸红了,这故事太棒了。嗯,你知道,做一个人并不容易,和动物不一样,因为我们出生后没人给我们指明方向。父母可能会指一点,大学老师、导师等等也会,但总体上我们是靠自己,这是一个非常非常艰难的过程。你早上醒来,其实并不知道自己能做什么,你面前可能有十二条不同的路,这会让人非常困惑、非常不知所措。而当你找到那种使命感,当你找到我所说的“人生任务”时,一切都有了方向,一切都有了目的,你的能量是聚焦的。这并不意味着你只能走在一条狭窄的路上,也不意味着人生会变得无聊、只剩下自律和解决问题。恰恰相反,这是你人生中可能发生的最令人兴奋的事,因为你再也不会有那种迷失的感觉。你早上醒来会说:对,这就是我要完成的事。当各种
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with all kinds of distractions and boring and irritating things you're able to cut it out it's just the most marvelous piece of internal radar that you can have so I genuinely wish that everybody can find that kind of internal radar and so it's not easy and I understand that there's no like instant formula because we're all about instant formulas it's difficult and I want you to know that so it's not like Robert can give me the answer in three minutes no I can't but there's a process involved it's not it's not you know a mystery you can follow a very singular process and the idea is you're talking about childhood the way I like to frame it is when you were were born you are a phenomenon you are unique your DNA has never occurred in the history of the universe going back billions of years it will never occur in the future your life experience with your parents and everything that you experienc in your early years going on up is unique it's yours you're are one of a kind right so that is your source of power to waste
干扰、无聊又烦人的事情向你涌来时,你能把它们排除掉。这是你能拥有的最美妙的内在雷达。所以我真心希望每个人都能找到那样一种内在雷达。这并不容易,我也明白,没有那种速成公式——而我们这个时代就爱速成公式。这很难,我希望你知道这一点。不是说罗伯特能在三分钟内给我答案,我给不了,但这里面有一个过程,它并不是什么玄学,你可以遵循一个非常明确的流程。你刚才提到童年,我喜欢这样来表述:你出生的时候,你就是一个奇迹,你是独一无二的。你的 DNA 在宇宙数十亿年的历史中从未出现过,将来也永远不会再出现。你和父母相处的人生经历,以及你从小到大所经历的一切,都是独特的,都是属于你的,你是独一无二的,对吧?所以那就是你力量的源泉。浪费掉它,是你这辈子能做的最糟糕的事。而这份力量是什么呢?
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that is just the worst thing you can do in your life and what what the power is is find finding that uniqueness what makes you you and how you can M that and how you can go deep into it and use that to create a career path right and so I tell people when you're a child when you're four or five or even younger you have what the great psychologist maslo called impulse voices there Little voices in your head that say I love this I hate that I like this food I don't like when Mommy moves this way I like when Daddy comes from here here you're very queued into who you are and what you like and what you don't like and these voices kind of direct you in certain ways right and when you're very young they direct you towards intellectual mental Pursuits as well and there's a book I recommend for everybody uh it's Howard Gardner's five frames of mind it's helped me immensely the idea is he talks about five forms of intelligence our problem is we think of intelligence as mostly intellectual but there are many forms of intelligence
就是找到那份独特性——是什么让你成为你,你要如何挖掘它、深入它,并用它来打造一条职业道路。所以我告诉大家,当你还是个孩子,四五岁甚至更小的时候,你会有伟大心理学家马斯洛所说的“冲动之声”,你脑子里的小声音在说:我喜欢这个、我讨厌那个、我喜欢这种食物、我不喜欢妈妈这样动、我喜欢爸爸从这边过来。那时的你对自己是谁、喜欢什么、不喜欢什么非常敏感,这些声音会以某种方式指引你,对吧?在你很小的时候,它们也会把你引向智力和心智方面的追求。有一本书我推荐给所有人,就是霍华德·加德纳的《Frames of Mind》(《智能的结构》),它对我帮助极大。它讲的是五种智能形式。我们的问题在于,我们通常把智力理解成偏智性的那一种,但智能其实有很多种形式:
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12:02
there's the intelligence that has to do with words there's abstract intelligence that has to do with patterns and Mathematics there's kinetic intelligence it has to do with the body there's social intelligence he has five of them and the idea is your brain naturally veers towards one of them it can Veer towards two of them that happens but generally one of them kind of dominates right and it's like a grain in your brain that's going in a certain direction you want to go with that grain and because that's where your power will lie so when you're young if you go back and think about when you were four or five you you can maybe get a picture of some kind of direction or voice inside of you that was impelling you towards this I know for me it was words from I can remember when I was six years old I was just obsessed with words just the letters in Words almost like in almost slightly schizophrenic way I would spell words backwards I would take them apart I would do anagrams I love paland drums right so I had a thing
有与文字有关的智能,有与模式和数学有关的抽象智能,有与身体有关的运动智能,还有社交智能,他一共列了五种。关键在于,你的大脑天然会偏向其中一种,也可能偏向两种,这种情况是有的,但通常会有一种占主导。它就像你大脑里的纹理,朝着某个方向延伸,你应该顺着这个纹理走,因为你的力量就在那里。所以当你年轻的时候,如果你回头去想你四五岁时的样子,你也许能看到某种方向感,或者内心某个声音在推着你朝那个方向走。我知道对我来说是文字。我记得六岁的时候,我就痴迷于文字,痴迷于单词里的字母,几乎是一种有点精神分裂式的方式:我会把单词倒着拼,把它们拆开,玩变位词游戏,我特别喜欢回文。所以我对文字和语言有一种执念,这是非常原始的东西。有些人,比如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦,四岁的时候他
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about words and language it's very Primal some people you know Albert Einstein when he was four years old his father gave him a birthday gift of a compass and he was just mesmerized by this Compass the idea that there are invisible forces out there in the cosmos moving this needle and he's obsessed with the idea of invisible forces Steve Jobs when he was like seven or eight or maybe younger in Berling game California his father they passed by a store with de technological devices in the window and he was just hypnotized by the design of those devices and the glass tubes and everything so he wanted to go in that direction you know Tiger Woods saw his father hitting golf balls in the garage and he was just like screaming with joy he had to he had to do that right you know I can give you a million different examples of this of course these are people who are famous obviously we can go back and find that it's easier but what happens to you and please cut me off if I'm going on too long no please
父亲送了他一个指南针当生日礼物,他完全被那个指南针迷住了——宇宙中存在着看不见的力量在推动那根指针——他从此就迷上了“看不见的力量”这个想法。史蒂夫·乔布斯七八岁、也许更小的时候,在加州伯灵格姆,他和父亲路过一家店,橱窗里摆着一些科技装置,他完全被那些装置的设计、那些玻璃管之类的东西迷住了,所以他想往那个方向走。还有老虎伍兹,他看到父亲在车库里打高尔夫球,他兴奋得直叫,他非得去打不可。我可以给你举一百万个这样的例子。当然,这些都是名人,我们回头去找当然更容易,但发生在你身上的是——如果我说得太长你就打断我——不,请继续,请讲。发生在你身上的是,
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14:05
continue please what happens to you is you're seven now you're getting older and you're starting to not hear that voice anymore you're hearing the voice of your teachers telling you you're not good at this field you need to get better at math you know you shouldn't be interested in these sports or anything you should be going this dire your parents are starting to tell you this is the career they want for or the direction they want you to go in right you start hearing that more than your own voice and as you get older it gets worse and worse and worse then when you're a teenager it's all about what other people are doing your peers what's cool what's not cool you know and that kind of is more so all of these noise enters your brain and you can't hear that anymore you don't know who you are and so you go to college you kind of maybe choose a a major that seems practical that your parents want you to go in into maybe you kind of wander around you're not sure and then you enter the work world
你七岁了,慢慢长大,你开始听不到那个声音了,你听到的是老师的声音,告诉你你不擅长这个领域,你数学得再提高,你不应该对这些运动之类的东西感兴趣,你该往这个方向走。你父母也开始告诉你,这是他们希望你从事的职业、希望你走的方向。你听到这些声音的机会超过了你自己的声音,而且随着年龄增长,情况越来越糟。等你到了青春期,一切都围绕着别人在做什么、同龄人在做什么、什么是酷的、什么是不酷的,这种影响甚至更大。所有这些噪音涌进你的大脑,你再也听不到那个声音了,你不知道自己是谁。然后你上了大学,可能选了一个看起来实用的专业,一个你父母希望你去读的专业,也可能你就四处漂着,自己也不确定。接着你进入职场,
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15:04
without that inner radar that I'm talking about and you brother you're lost right where should I go well I need to make money right and so you make a choice based on the need to make a lot of money some not everyone but some people do that and I understand that need we all need to make a living but that can set you off on a very bad path because you're not connected emotionally the thing is when you figure out that Primal inclination that grain that's inside of you then you have the the energy to to do to be disciplined to go through boring tasks to learn you learn at a faster rate because you're emotionally engaged when you're emotionally engaged in a subject the brain learns twice three times four times as fast as when you're not I always give the example in college I studied foreign languages which was kind of a passion of mine for three or four years I studied French and then I went to Paris and I couldn't speak a word it was it was useless because it didn't teach me anything practical right I was totally confused
却没有我说的那个内在雷达,然后老兄,你就迷失了。我该往哪儿走?嗯,我需要赚钱。于是你基于“需要赚很多钱”来做选择。有些人——不是所有人,但有些人——会这么做,我理解这种需求,我们都得谋生,但这可能会把你带上一条很糟糕的路,因为你在情感上没有连接。关键在于,当你弄清楚那种原始的倾向、你内在的那道纹理时,你就有了能量去做事、去自律、去熬过枯燥的任务、去学习。你学得更快,因为你在情感上投入了。当你在情感上投入一门学科时,大脑学习的速度是不投入时的两倍、三倍、四倍。我经常举这个例子:大学时我学外语,那算是我的一种爱好,学了三四年法语,然后我去了巴黎,结果一句话都说不出来,完全没用,因为它没教给我任何实用的东西,我完全懵了。但后来我人在巴黎,我
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16:11
and then but I was in Paris and I and I loved it and I wanted to live there right and I had a girlfriend and I needed to speak French to her and I can tell you in one month I learned more than those four years of University because I wanted to because I was engaged my emotions were there it was like I had to survive survive to learn French whereas so most of us we don't have a need really to learn this subject We're Half we're paying half attention but when you find that thing that really connects to you you're paying deep attention your emotions are engaged you're learning at a much faster rate okay and so the thing is how do you find that when you're older when you're 21 I I I give people a lot of help and it's usually not so difficult we can go through that process it gets harder when you're 30 and you've been wandering around but it's not impossible I didn't really start find my exact path until I was 38 39 to be honest so there's hope when you get 40 and you get 50 gets more and more difficult right and it's very
爱上了那里,我想住在那儿,而且我有个女朋友,我需要用法语跟她说话。我可以告诉你,那一个月我学到的比大学那四年还多,因为我想学,因为我投入了,我的情感在里面,那感觉就像我必须靠学会法语才能生存下去。而我们大多数人其实并没有真正需要去学某个学科的理由,我们只用了一半的注意力。但当你找到那个真正与你相连的东西时,你会全神贯注,你的情感被调动起来,你的学习速度就快得多。好,那么问题是,当你年纪大一些,比如 21 岁的时候,怎么找到它?我给过很多人帮助,通常并不太难,我们可以走完那个流程。到了30 岁、你已经漂泊了一阵子的时候会更难一些,但并非不可能。老实说,我自己也是到38、39 岁才真正找到确切的道路。所以是有希望的。等到了 40 岁、50 岁,会越来越难,而且
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17:14
sad if you wasted that seed of uniqueness that I'm talking about and I tell people there are ways of going back and we go through a process like archaeology we have to dig and dig and dig and find those bones from your childhood that indicated what you were meant to do but when you find your life's task everything opens up it doesn't mean you figured out okay I've got to aim for this particular job when I'm 28 that's not how it works it gives you a sense of direction you can try different things you can experiment you can have fun when you're in your 20s you're going to learn you're going to learn skills but it gives you an overall framework instead of whoa all this confusion this chaos social media the internet I could go here here here you're lost at C it gives you a very important sense of direction a compass as you described this I I have this image of um you know you mentioned animals um that presumably don't have a lot of flexibility in terms of the niches they can exist in but the way I
如果你浪费了我说的那颗独特性的种子,那会非常可惜。我告诉大家,是有办法回溯的,我们会走一个像考古学一样的过程:不断地挖、挖、挖,找到你童年时那些骨头,它们指示着你本该做什么。而当你找到自己的人生任务时,一切都会豁然开朗。这并不意味着你想明白了“我 28 岁时必须瞄准某个具体的工作”,事情不是那样运作的。它给你的是一种方向感,你可以尝试不同的事情,可以做实验,可以玩得开心。二十几岁的时候你会学习,你会学到技能,但它给了你一个整体的框架,而不是——哇,全是困惑、全是混乱,社交媒体、互联网,我可以去这儿、那儿、哪儿都行,你就像在海上迷失了方向。它给你一种非常重要的方向感,就像你说的,一个指南针。我有这个……画面……你提到动物,它们大概在能生存的生态位上没有太多灵活性,但我想象的是
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18:11
imagine this process is that as a human we're plopped into a environment and here I'm using analogy where um we don't really know if we are an aquatic animal a terrestrial animal or a or an Aven right or an amphibian or an amphibian for that matter um and to make the wrong choice right to be an amphibian who's trying to fly although I'm sure they're out there um in the animal kingdom uh it it's not just a waste of time it's probably deadly um and not to overd dramatize the the failure of finding one's purpose but I see it that way whereas um perhaps we could just say that the process of finding one's purpose is to to realize like ah you know um I'm an amphibian I can go in and out of water whereas a bunch of other creatures around me stop at the water's edge right right and this is really cool and a bunch of these other things like these flying things that they can't actually even go in the water some of them might you know be on the surface or dive into it but they they can't do what I can do so the process of
这个过程是这样的:作为人类,我们被丢进一个环境里,我在这里用个类比——我们并不真的知道自己是水生动物、陆生动物,还是鸟类,或者两栖动物,或者说两栖类这么说吧,而做出错误的选择——比如当一只想飞的两栖动物——虽然我相信在动物界肯定有这样的,呃,这不只是浪费时间,很可能是致命的,我不想过度渲染找不到人生使命这件事的失败,但我确实这么看。或许我们可以说,寻找自己使命的过程就是意识到:啊,原来我是两栖动物,我能在水里也能上岸,而周围一大堆其他生物到水边就止步了,对吧,这太酷了。还有另外一堆东西,比如那些会飞的家伙,它们其实根本进不了水,有些可能能停在水面上,或者一头扎进去,但它们做不到我能做的事。所以自我发现的过程,听起来是关于把自己的选择收窄到
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19:12
self-discovery it sounds like it's about um restricting one's choices to a a a sort of wedge within the full landscape of of options and um you know for me I can certainly recall after reading Mastery it helped me recall some early seed emotions that I experienced as a very distinct sensation in my body can you describe that yeah um without making it too um specific to my my unique taste you know as a kid I loved um flora and fauna I loved learning about biology sure yeah no surprise there um but animals and how they move in particular and fish and going to a a proper aquarium store for the first time for me and going snorkeling for the first time was like Wow and even as I describe it it's almost like my body fls I feel it in my left arm of all things and it feels like there's something to do about it it's not just that I'm in observation of things that Delight me right it's like there's something there's an activation State created within me like I got to do something with this and typically it's tell everybody about it
整个可能性版图中的一个小扇区。对我来说,我确实记得读完《精通》之后,它帮我回想起一些早期的"种子情绪",我当时在身体里有非常清晰的感受,你能描述一下吗?可以,我尽量不说得太贴合我个人的独特口味。我小时候特别喜欢花草和动物,我喜欢学生物学。当然啦,这不奇怪。但尤其是动物,以及它们怎么运动,还有鱼,第一次去一家像样的水族店,第一次去浮潜,那种感觉就是——哇。甚至我现在描述的时候,我的身体好像还在发热,我居然是在左臂感觉到它,那种感觉就像有件事必须去做,不只是我在观察让我愉悦的事物,对吧,而是像有种东西,我体内产生了一种激活状态,像是我必须拿它做点什么,通常就是逢人就讲,
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20:14
until they won't listen anymore um but oftentimes it's to also draw those things to think about them and I just Delight in them it's a constant source of delight and so seeds such as those and there are a few other things in that in that landscape of Flora and Fauna and learning about animals and biology including the human animal and then organizing information feels so satisfying to me it's like a drug that um and so it just felt feels like this you know Eternal spring of of life right and so for me that's what it was and to and in 2015 when I was teaching that course the course I loved but I was feeling a little bit astray in my scientific career and then I read Mastery and I realized yes I love running a laboratory I love teaching but there's something else for me and it has to do not with a podcast I didn't even know what a podcast I probably I knew what a podcast was I was listening to podcast at that time but um but I wasn't on social media I had no thoughts of having a podcast but what I wanted was
讲到别人不想再听为止。但很多时候也是要把那些东西画下来,去琢磨它们,我就是乐在其中,那是一种持续不断的愉悦来源。所以像这样的种子,在那个范围里还有其他几样东西,在花草动物、学习动物和生物学(包括人这种动物)的那片天地里,然后整理信息这件事让我觉得特别满足,简直像毒品一样,所以它感觉就像是一口永不枯竭的生命之泉,对吧,对我来说就是这样。到了2015年,我在教那门课,那门课我很喜欢,但我觉得自己在科研生涯里有点迷失方向,然后我读了《精通》,我意识到,是的,我热爱经营实验室、热爱教学,但对我来说还有别的东西,而且跟播客无关,我当时根本不知道播客是什么……大概吧,我其实知道播客是什么,我那会儿也在听播客,但我没在用社交媒体,完全没想过要做播客。我想要的是那种感觉,尽可能多的形态的那种感觉,那才是目标——让那种感觉以尽可能多的形式
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21:13
that feeling in its total number of forms that's the goal get that feeling in as many forms as possible right is that is that about that's a that's that's absolutely perfect because the connection to what I'm talking about it's not an intellectual thing it's it's visceral it's emotional it's physical right and you feel it in your body and when you're doing it it's like it's at your level it's like you're swimming with the current you feel it things are easy everything clicks together there's a delight not everything is going to be delightful there's going to be tedium involved there's going to be moments of boredom but you're able to withstand the moments of boredom because you feel the Deep overall connection so yes that's precisely what I'm talking about I mean it's for me it's a little bit similar thing is I said about words but the other thing that I was obsessed with when I was a kid was early human ancestors don't ask me why I just was so obsessed with our ancestors millions of years ago and how it's possible to be
出现,对吧。是不是这样?说得太对了,因为这跟我讲的东西是相通的,它不是智力层面的事,它是发自内脏的、情绪的、身体的,对吧,你在身体里能感觉到它。当你在做这件事的时候,它就处在你的层次上,就像你顺流而游,你能感觉到,一切都很轻松,所有东西都严丝合缝地咬合在一起,有一种愉悦——并不是所有事情都会让人愉悦,其中会有枯燥乏味的部分,会有一些无聊的时刻,但你能够忍受那些无聊的时刻,因为你感受到那种深层的整体连接。所以没错,这正是我想说的。我的意思是,对我来说,这有点类似于我刚才说的关于文字的事情,但我小时候痴迷的另一件事是早期人类的祖先,别问我为什么,我就是特别痴迷于我们几百万年前的祖先,以及为什么可能在六七十年代生活在这里,有汽车之类的一切,却又能走到我们
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22:16
living here in the 60s or 70s with cars and everything but to come to where we are now and I wrote a a short story when I was eight years old about a vulture It Was Written from the point of view of a vulture watching the first humans kind of emerge on the planet I'm sure it was absolutely awful Dreadful but the weird thing is I'm writing a new book and all I'm doing in that book is going into ear into early humans and I feel like a kid again I'm so excited I'm so happy so I can very much relate to your story you mentioned these five different forms of intelligence or frame frames of Mind as you refer to them um and I'm certainly aware that you know I lean towards a more intellectual interests although as you pointed out the the excitement the Delight is visceral yeah and the actions are actions they're of the body ultimately right um one has to draw speak write books Etc um to to transmute that excitement into something real for people that are not as intellectually tuned but maybe are
今天这一步。我八岁的时候写过一篇短篇小说,讲的是一只秃鹫,是从一只秃鹫的视角写的,它看着最早的人类在这个星球上出现。我敢肯定那写得糟糕透顶,很差劲,但奇怪的是,我现在正在写一本新书,而我在那本书里做的全部事情,就是深入研究早期人类,我感觉自己又像个孩子再说一次,我真的太兴奋了,太开心了,所以我完全能理解你的经历。你提到了这五种不同形式的智能,或者说你所谓的心智框架。我当然清楚,我自己是偏向于更偏智性的兴趣的,不过正如你指出的,那种兴奋、那种喜悦是发自肺腑、非常身体性的,而行动终究是身体的行动,对吧。一个人得去画、去讲、去写书等等,才能把那份兴奋转化成对别人真实可感的东西——对那些不那么偏智性、而可能是偏动觉型的人来说。我只能去想象那是什么感觉。我
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23:22
kinesthetically tuned for instance um I can only wonder what that's like uh I'm not completely uncoordinated but I don't think I have a kinesthetic Attunement uh or frame of mind but I for instance um had a podcast listener mention that they think in feels that they literally experience thought as a Ser as sort of a patchwork of bodily Sensations right and that thought for them is not of the stuff from the neck up but only from the neck down which to me was really intriguing and so I only raise this because um there have to be a as you point out there's an infinite number of different sort of um orientations based on our unique DNA and experience but what do you think explains why these particular seeds or uh as you point out like the the the direction that the grain runs in the brain I mean it's it's partially going to be nature it's going to be DNA um but we we're talking about this as if there's some exciting or a inspiring or delightful thing that captures us can it be the other way too can it be um you know one
倒不是完全手脚不协调,但我不觉得自己有动觉上的敏感度,或者说动觉型的心智模式。不过举个例子,我有位播客听众提到,他们是用「感觉」在思考的,他们真的是把思维体验成一种由各种身体感觉拼凑而成的,对他们来说,思考不是脖子以上那部分的事,而只是脖子以下的事——这一点我觉得真的很有意思。我之所以提这个,是因为正如你指出的,基于我们独特的 DNA 和经历,会有无数种不同的取向。但你觉得,是什么造就了这些特定的种子?或者像你说的,大脑里纹理的走向——我是说,这里面一部分来自天性,来自 DNA。不过我们现在讨论的方式,好像总是有某种令人兴奋、鼓舞人心或者让人愉悦的东西吸引住了我们。会不会反过来也成立?会不会是说,一个人小时候在某种
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24:35
has a bad experience as a child in an intellectual environment and then decides you know I'm I'm going in the D things of the body feel good things of the mind of intellect feels bad and does it matter whether or not we are drawn to our Purpose By recognizing what we love or what we hate um or are both useful oh they're both very very useful um you know a lot of intelligence is is not is non-verbal we think in terms of images we're we're very much infected by the emotions of other people so I know for instance uh my mother is very very interested in history she's obsessed with history and I probably absorbed her interest in history I don't think there's a genetic a gene for that interest you know so you're you're going to absorb things from your parents as well so it's not all just genetic but yeah what you hate will pay a big will have a big thing but the problem with doing that is if you go into a direction in you're in you're in elementary school Etc and they force you to learn math and
智性环境里有过糟糕的经历,于是就决定:我要走向身体那一边,身体的东西让我感觉好,而心智、智识的东西让我感觉糟。另外,我们是通过认清自己爱什么、还是恨什么被引向自己的天命,这重要吗?还是说两者都有用?哦,两者都非常非常有用。你知道,很多智能其实不是语言性的,我们会用图像来思考,我们也很容易被别人的情绪所感染。比如我知道,我母亲对历史非常非常感兴趣,她痴迷于历史,而我很可能吸收了她对历史的兴趣。我不认为存在一个决定这种兴趣的基因,所以你也会从父母那里吸收很多东西,并不全是遗传的。不过是的,你恨什么确实会起很大的作用。但这样做的问题在于:如果你在小学之类的阶段走上某个方向,他们逼你学数学,
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25:41
you hate it what it tends to do is it turns you off from learning in general you think I don't want to I don't want to I don't want to be disciplined I don't want to go through anything because it's painful doesn't lead anywhere it's not me frustration it turns you off from learning in general so it's really really important for a child to have the love experience as early as possible so that they can know what they hate and why they hate it right and then they can Rebel and they can go into that field as opposed to I hate learning I hate discipline I hate studying I hate trying things over and over again if you're kinesthetically oriented and you know a part of me I understand that because I love sports is you have to you have to practice it's going to take a lot of it's not you're not going to instantly be good at something right and that's going to require a love of it right but if your math experience I hate learning you're not you're it's going to transfer to sports you're going to hate
而你痛恨数学,这往往会让你对学习这件事整体都失去兴趣,你会想,我不想,我不想就是说,我不想被约束,我不想经历这些,因为那很痛苦、又没有结果,那不是我。挫败感会让你对学习这件事整个都失去兴趣,所以对一个孩子来说,尽早拥有那种「热爱」的体验真的非常非常重要,这样他们才能知道自己讨厌什么、为什么讨厌,对吧?然后他们可以去反叛,可以投身到那个领域里去,而不是变成「我讨厌学习、我讨厌纪律、我讨厌读书、我讨厌一遍又一遍地尝试」。如果你是偏动觉型的人——我能理解这一点,因为我热爱运动——你就必须得练习,这需要大量的付出,你不可能一上来就擅长某件事,对吧?而这就需要你对它有热爱,对吧?但如果你在数学上的体验是「我讨厌学习」,那它会迁移到运动上去,你会变得讨厌一切形式的纪律。所以对父母来说,非常重要的是让孩子至少能瞥见那种热爱的
便签引用
26:38
discipline in general so it's very important for parents to let that child have at least glimmers of that love moment I know for me when I um finished college and I entered the work world I had to get a job I got worked in journalism I hated it I hated working for other people I hated hated office politics I hated all the egos I hated the smarminess I hated the lack of quality it was all just about you know making money and getting things out there and then I worked in Hollywood I hated Hollywood I hated working in Hollywood that formed me very much maybe go in the direction that I went in but only from the basis of I knew that I wanted to be a writer so you know that's very important that it's not just hate it can form you but there also has to be that posit of deep emotional love of something that also is grounded in you in some way what you just said really highlights the fact that energy and motivation can come from either either pressure you know desire for something or desire to get away from something and
瞬间。我知道对我自己来说,当我大学毕业、进入职场的时候,我得找份工作,我进了新闻业,我讨厌它。我讨厌为别人打工,我讨厌办公室政治,我讨厌那些自我膨胀的人,我讨厌那种圆滑做作,我讨厌那种毫无品质可言——一切都只是关于赚钱、把东西赶出来。后来我去了好莱坞,我讨厌好莱坞,我讨厌在好莱坞工作。这些经历在很大程度上塑造了我,也许推动我走上了后来的路,但前提是我知道自己想成为一名作家。所以你知道,这一点非常重要——不能只有恨,恨可以塑造你,但也必须有那种对某样事物发自内心的深层热爱,而且这种热爱在某种程度上扎根于你自身。你刚才说的这番话,真的凸显了一个事实:能量和动力既可以来自压力,也就是对某样东西的渴望,也可以来自想要逃离某样东西的渴望。嗯,你之前谈到
便签引用
27:45
um earlier when you were talking about um how we are so much more engaged and driven toward things that stir us emotionally and and actually we know based on the neuroscience you know too I'm sure that um only by the release of certain neurochemicals in the brain and body would our brain have any reason to change right if you don't feel agitation and you can do everything that you're trying to do of course your brain wouldn't change like why would it right that agitation is a is a signature of the neurochemicals that are saying hey something's different now right right you might need to do something different including rewire yourself right um and that can come from positive or negative experiences I'm obsessed with this idea of energy I mean we all want to have more energy and focus and normally we hear about the concept of energy in the context of caloric energy like what should we eat and when and how much and we need to get sleep but what you're really referring to is neural energy like the the engagement of ourselves
我们对那些在情感上触动我们的事物会投入得多得多、被驱动得强烈得多,而实际上从神经科学上我们也知道,我相信你也清楚,只有当大脑和身体释放出某些神经化学物质时,我们的大脑才有理由去改变,对吧?如果你感觉不到躁动不安,而且你想做的事都能做到,那你的大脑当然不会改变,它凭什么要变呢?对吧?那种躁动不安正是神经化学物质的一种标志,它们在说:嘿,现在有些事情不一样了,对吧?你可能需要做点不一样的事,包括重塑你自己,对吧?而这既可能源于积极的经历,也可能源于消极的经历。我对「能量」这个概念非常着迷,我是说,我们都想拥有更多的能量和专注力,而通常我们听到能量这个概念,都是在热量的语境下——比如我们应该吃什么、什么时候吃、吃多少,还有我们需要睡眠。但你真正说的是神经层面的能量,也就是我们自身的投入状态,它就在那儿等着被调动起来,但它需要正确的
便签引用
28:44
that's you know uh sitting there ready to be engaged but it requires the right experiential macronutrients right the experiential micronutrients as opposed to of course we need good nutrition but that's not sufficient it's necessary but not sufficient so uh would you say that when um we are let let's say since a good number of our listeners are in adulthood um you know from our 20s on that the things that excite us as adults that really generate some feeling of Readiness or or grab our attention um are still informative toward guiding our decisions about best life and life purpose well um what do you what exactly do you mean by that I mean like because there are things that excite you in in a kind of a quick way like you know where you have to relieve some tension and you there's entertainment and there's things that kind of give you pretty immediate gratification and there's the larger P picture of something that will give you fulfillment over years to come so you can feel that when you're older and you
体验性宏量营养素,对吧?体验性微量营养素——当然我们也需要良好的营养,但那还不够,它是必要的但不充分的。那么,你会不会说,当我们——我们假设,因为我们相当一部分听众已经成年了,比如二十多岁往上——成年后那些让我们兴奋的事情,那些真正让我们产生一种「跃跃欲试」的感觉、或者抓住我们注意力的事情,对于指导我们关于最好的人生和人生目标的决定,仍然是有参考价值的?嗯,你说的具体是指什么意思?我是说,因为有些东西让你兴奋是以一种很快速的方式,比如你需要释放某种紧张感,还有娱乐,还有那些能给你相当即时的满足感的东西;然后还有更宏观的层面,是那些能在未来许多年里带给你成就感的事情,所以等你老了你也能感受到它,你
便签引用
29:49
can pay attention to it but a lot of the time is we we're paying too much attention to the immediate pleasures of life to what gives us instant gratification and that's what we're grabbing for so this is a much more kind of deeper process that involves that digging that I was saying it it's it's deeper than just kind of I like this I don't like that you know kind of thing it's it's more it's more something macro than than just just that and so when you're in your 20s or in your 30s or your 40s you want to be paying attention to yourself and the problem with people in the world today is you're not paying attention to yourself not inside your own head you don't hear those voices you don't hear what you love what you like anymore because as I said there's so many of these other distractions going on and so you're always like attuned to what other people like right because you're in social media this is what people are following this is what they're interested in as opposed to disengaging backing off from that and
可以去留意它。但很多时候,我们对生活中那些即时的快感、那些能带来即时满足的东西投入了太多注意力,那才是我们一把抓住的东西。所以这是一个深入得多的过程,它涉及我说过的那种「挖掘」,它比单纯的「我喜欢这个、我不喜欢那个」要深得多,它更宏观,而不仅仅是这样。所以当你二十多岁、三十多岁或者四十多岁的时候,你要留意你自己。而今天这个世界上人们的问题在于,你没有在留意你自己,你没有进入自己的内心,你听不到那些声音,你再也听不到自己热爱什么、喜欢什么了,因为就像我说的,有太多其他的干扰在进行着,所以你总是在关注别人喜欢什么,对吧?因为你在社交媒体上,人们在关注这个、对这个感兴趣——而不是抽离出来、退后一步,看看你自己,走过那个过程,然后说:其实那不是我,我并不真的喜欢那个。
便签引用
30:50
and looking at yourself and going through the process of that's not me actually I don't really like that you know and so what you're talking about is I think very profound is levels of frustration or anxiety are definite signals that you must pay attention to that they're telling you this isn't a good direction for you this is a waste of time for you and in general I tell people selfawareness being able to hear those voices to understand that your frustration is telling you something and sometimes you you just act on it without understanding it but understanding why why you're frustrated why you don't like your career why you're not happy about where you're going is the key to everything it will open up it will actually be able even in your 30s to return you to that childhood inclination but if you can't listen to where those emotions come from then they're useless they're not teaching you anything as we all know quality nutrition influences of course our physical health but also our mental
所以我认为你说的这一点非常深刻:挫败感或焦虑的程度是明确的信号,你必须留意它们,它们在告诉你:这对你来说不是一个好方向,这对你来说是在浪费时间。总的来说,我告诉人们,自我觉察——能够听到那些声音,理解你的挫败感是在告诉你某件事——有时候你没弄明白就直接行动了,但理解为什么、为什么你会挫败,为什么你不喜欢自己的职业,为什么你对自己的方向不满意,这是一切的关键。它会打开一扇门,甚至能在你三十多岁的时候,把你带回童年时的那种倾向。但如果你没法倾听这些情绪从何而来,那它们就毫无用处,它们没教给你任何东西。正如我们都知道的,优质的营养不仅影响我们的身体健康,也影响我们的心理健康和认知功能、我们的
便签引用
31:52
health and our cognitive functioning our memory our ability to learn new things and to focus and we know that one of the most important features of highquality nutrition is making sure that we get enough vitamins and minerals from high quality unprocessed or minimally processed sources as well as enough probiotics and prebiotics and fiber to support basically all the cellular functions in our body including the gut microbiome now I like most everybody try to get optimal nutrition from Whole Foods ideally mostly from minimally processed or nonprocessed Foods however one of the challenges that I and so many other people face is getting enough servings of high quality fruits and vegetables per day as well as fiber and probiotics that often accompany those fruits and vegetables that's why way back in 2012 long before I ever had a podcast I started drinking ag1 and so I'm delighted that ag1 is sponsoring the huberman Lab podcast the reason I started taking ag1 and the reason I still drink ag1 once or twice a day is
记忆力、学习新事物的能力以及专注力。而我们知道,高质量营养最重要的特点之一就是确保我们从高质量的、未加工或极少加工的来源中摄取足够的维生素和矿物质,以及足够的益生菌、益生元和膳食纤维,来支持我们体内基本上所有的细胞功能,包括肠道微生物群。我和大多数人一样,尽量从天然食物中获取最佳营养,理想情况下主要来自极少加工或未加工的食物。然而,我和许多其他人面临的挑战之一,就是每天很难吃够足够份量的高质量水果和蔬菜,以及那些通常伴随这些水果蔬菜而来的膳食纤维和益生菌。这就是为什么早在2012年,远在我有播客之前,我就开始喝AG1了,所以我很高兴AG1赞助了《休伯曼实验室》播客。我当初开始服用AG1、并且现在仍然每天喝一到两次AG1的原因是,
便签引用
32:49
that it provides all of my foundational nutritional needs that is it provides insurance that I get the proper amounts of those vitamins minerals probiotics and F fiber to ensure optimal mental health physical health and performance if you'd like to try ag1 you can go to drink a1.com huberman to claim a special offer they're giving away five free travel packs plus a year supply of vitamin D3 K2 again that's drink a1.com huberman to claim that special offer so it sounds like one of the goals is to engage in what I'll just call for the moment unadulterated self-referencing you know unadulterated uh in the the all senses of the word because um as a child as you point out um at stages of life that are before puberty they're literally prex um which I think is important right because um puberty to me as a neurobiologist who started off as a developmental neurobiologist I can tell you that puberty is the most profound transformation that the brain undergoes for in the entire lifespan there's just
它满足了我所有基础的营养需求,也就是说,它提供了一份保障,让我摄入足量的那些维生素、矿物质、益生菌和膳食纤维,以确保最佳的心理健康、身体健康和表现。如果你想试试 AG1,可以访问 drinkag1.com/huberman 领取一个特别优惠,他们会送出五份免费的旅行装,外加一年份的维生素 D3 K2。再说一遍,drinkag1.com/huberman 就能领取这个特别优惠。那么听起来其中一个目标,就是去做我暂且称之为「纯粹的自我参照」的事你知道,「纯粹」这个词在它所有的意义上都成立,因为正如你指出的,作为一个孩子,在人生的某些阶段也就是青春期之前,那时字面意义上还处在「前性」阶段,我觉得这一点很重要,因为对我来说,作为一个神经生物学家——而且最初是研究发育神经生物学的——我可以告诉你,青春期是大脑所经历的最深刻的转变在整个生命周期里都是如此,这一点毫无疑问。青春期之后一切都不一样了,因为所有那些新的关系
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33:57
absolutely no question about it everything is different after puberty because of all of the new relational dynamics that become apparent and our potential involvement in them yeah it's just it's you know it's not talked about enough how dramatically puberty changes the brain sure I mean we are different people before and after puberty hormones that are suddenly raging the hormones are there and it's not just changes in how we view the world but changes in how the World Views us and not just through the lens of sexuality but also expectation of what we are capable of what we are responsible for or not responsible for our learning capacity I mean puberty is like this you know it's also the most rapid stage of Aging in our entire lifespan those kids that go home for summer and then come back like shaving you know I was sort of a late I wasn't a late bloomer but I had a long protracted puberty but I remember those kids I'm sure we we all remember those kids um everything changes and so I think prior to puberty these seeds as
动态开始显现,以及我们可能卷入其中。是啊,这件事真的谈得不够多——青春期把大脑改变得多么剧烈。当然,我是说,青春期前后我们是不同的人,激素突然开始狂飙,激素就在那儿了。而且改变的不只是我们看世界的方式,还有世界看我们的方式。而且不只是透过性的视角,还包括对我们能做什么、要为什么负责或不负责的期待以及我们的学习能力。我是说,青春期就是这样,它同时也是我们一生中衰老最快的阶段在整个生命周期里都是。那些暑假回家、开学回来就开始刮胡子的孩子,你懂的。我算是有点晚,我其实不算发育晚,但我的青春期拖得很长。不过我记得那些孩子,我相信我们都记得那些孩子。一切都变了。所以我觉得在青春期之前,你所描述的那些种子——那些让人欣喜的,
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03真实的崇高与虚假的崇高
34:55
you've described them of of delight or of resistance to things think they are unadulterated they're not contaminated by the voices and expectations of others and so I can see the challenge of reaching back to those as an adult um I wonder if this relates to um something that I've heard you talk about before although perhaps not as much as some of the other topics you've discussed publicly which is um the real versus the false Sublime oh um could you perhaps just Define for us what Sublime really is what a Sublime experience is and and the distinction between real and false Sublime experiences because I I feel like this relates to finding that seed right it's it's about finding authentic seeds of within us as opposed to when emotions can be distracting and misleading wow I never thought I never made that connection and it's the book that I'm writing right now so thank you for that I have to think about that I'm actually I'm writing a book on the sublime and um I have several ways of kind of illustrating I generally like to
或者让人抗拒某些事物的种子——是纯粹的,没有被他人的声音和期待所污染所以我能理解,成年后再回头去触及它们有多难。我在想,这是不是跟我以前听你讲过的某个东西有关,虽然可能没有你公开讨论过的其他话题那么多那就是真实的崇高与虚假的崇高(sublime)。哦,你能不能先给我们定义一下,崇高到底是什么,什么是崇高体验,以及真实与虚假的崇高体验之间的区别,因为我觉得这跟找到那颗种子有关,对吧?它关乎找到我们内在真实的种子,而不是那些情绪会分散注意力、让人误入歧途的时候。哇,我从来没想过,我从来没建立过这个联系,而这正是我现在正在写的书,所以谢谢你提出这一点,我得好好想想。我其实正在写一本关于崇高的书,我有好几种方式来阐释它。我一般喜欢用一个比喻,这个比喻是:身为一个人,身为一个社会性的人,
便签引用
36:01
use a metaphor and the metaphor is that being a human being being a social human being living in a particular culture means that you live inside of a circle and that Circle of that time are the conventions of thinking of ideas that are acceptable of behavior that is acceptable this is where you where you can go mentally where you can go physically you know all the codes and conventions so that's Circle for ancient Egypt and for 21st century America they're obviously very different but it's the same Circle it's the same limiting factor you're not supposed to go outside of it these are thoughts experiences Behavior you're not supposed to do the sublime is what lies just outside that Circle um the word sublime comes from on the threshold of it's like here's a door and the sublime is literally at the threshold of the door you're looking out into something else right and the quintessential Sublime experience is a near-death experience you're standing on the on the doorway the threshold of death itself right and
生活在某个特定的文化里,意味着你活在一个圆圈之内。而那个时代的那个圆圈,就是思维的惯例、可以被接受的想法、可以被接受的行为。这就是你在心理上能走到哪里、在身体上能走到哪里,所有那些规范和惯例。所以古埃及的那个圆圈和21世纪美国的圆圈显然非常不同,但它是同一个圆圈,是同样的限制因素,你不该走到它外面去。这些是你不该有的想法、体验、行为。而崇高,就是恰好位于那个圆圈之外的东西。sublime 这个词源自「在门槛上」,就好像这里有一扇门,而崇高字面意义上就在那扇门的门槛处,你正望向外面的某种别的东西,对吧。而最典型的崇高体验就是濒死体验——你站在门口,站在死亡本身的门槛上,对吧。所以
便签引用
37:11
so in my book I'm illustrating the different kinds of sublime experiences that you can have in relation to the cosmos in relation to thinking about being alive just being alive is the strangest sensation you can possibly have I have I know that very personally after my stroke I go into childhood chapter on childhood and how Sublime your own childhood was I go into animals relation to animals I go have a chapter about the brain chapter about love I'm working right now on a chapter about history okay but what I'm trying to say is the human brain is wired for these experiences is wired for transcendental experiences that take us out of the narrow little realm that we live in because we're aware of our death as the only animal truly conscious of it own mortality and it frightens the hell out of us and the idea that we can see something larger than than just the the the banal parts of our life is a doorway that open allows us to kind of transcend the moment to feel connected to something larger to feel connected to
在我的书里,我在阐述你可能拥有的各种崇高体验:与宇宙相关的,与思考「活着」这件事相关的——仅仅是活着,就是你可能拥有的最奇异的感受。我非常切身地知道这一点,在我中风之后。我会讲到童年,有一章写童年,写你自己的童年曾经多么崇高。我会讲到动物,讲人与动物的关系。我有一章写大脑,一章写爱。我现在正在写的一章是关于历史的。好,但我想说的是,人类大脑天生就为这些体验而生,为那些超越性的体验而生,它们把我们带出我们所居住的那个狭小领域,因为我们意识到自己终将死亡,我们是唯一真正意识到自身必死的动物,这让我们怕得要命。而我们能够看到某种比生活中那些平庸部分更宏大的东西,这个念头就是一扇打开的门,让我们得以超越当下,感到与更宏大的东西相连,与宇宙中的某种力量相连,与演化本身相连,对吧。所以我们天生就有这种连接的需要
便签引用
38:15
some power in the cosmos to Evolution itself right and so we're wired for that and I'm writing a chapter now about 40,000 years ago at the moment where I think the sublime was born is a story that I'm trying to illustrate right now with our upper Paleolithic ancestors so it's deep inside of us we need it we have to have it in the 21st century we have very few avenues for it any real Avenues religion used to be the main kind of way of of accessing this and so because it's so deep we reach for false forms of the sublime that give us the sense that we're we're transcending but it's not at all because Sublime has to come from within it's an experience that you have that you're generating in your own mind in your own experience the false Sublime comes from outside it comes from drugs it comes from alcohol it comes from shopping it comes from online rage it comes from joining a cause and just getting out all your aggression and violence right it comes from causes it comes from addictions okay it gives you a sense it
我现在正在写一章,讲四万年前,我认为崇高诞生的那个时刻,这是一个故事,我正试着用我们旧石器时代晚期的祖先来把它讲清楚。所以它深植于我们内心,我们需要它,我们必须拥有它。而在21世纪我们通往它的途径很少,真正的途径很少。宗教过去是通往这里的主要方式所以正因为它埋得那么深,我们才转而去抓崇高的虚假形式,它们给我们一种正在超越的感觉但其实完全不是,因为崇高必须来自内在,它是你自己拥有的、由你自己的头脑、自己的经验生成的一种体验虚假的崇高来自外部。它来自毒品,来自酒精,来自购物,它来自网络上的愤怒,来自加入某项事业、把你所有的攻击性和暴力都发泄出来,对吧。它来自各种事业,来自各种成瘾。好吧,它给你一种感觉,让你平静下来,让你觉得生活里还有别的东西,
便签引用
39:27
calms you down and makes you feel like there's something else going on in life besides your job that you're you're sick of but it's not real it's not lasting it's false it's an illusion it's not based on anything real it's not connecting to that deep part of human nature that's wired for these experiences so what happens is you have to have more and more and more and more of it you have to have you know more of this rush you need more of the drug you need more of the alcohol you need more of the sex you need more of the porn it's never going to satisfy you but the real Sublime you don't have that feeling it's like it's transformative once you feel it it lasts for you for the rest of your life it's what maslo again called a peak experience so that's the difference between the false and the real Sublime I haven't quite connected it to what you were saying but if I think about it I think you're on something very interesting I mean maybe the connection I was trying to draw was uh doesn't hold
而不只是你早就厌倦的那份工作。但它不是真的,它不持久,它是假的,是幻觉,它不建立在任何真实的东西上,它没有连接到人性中那个天生渴望这些体验的深层部分。所以结果就是,你必须一次比一次要得更多、更多、更多。你需要更多这种快感,你需要更多的毒品,你需要更多的酒精,你需要更多的性,你需要更多的色情。它永远不会满足你。但真正的崇高不会给你那种感觉,它是转化性的,你一旦体验到,它会伴随你余生它就是马斯洛所说的高峰体验。所以这就是虚假的崇高和真实的崇高之间的区别。我还没完全把它和你刚才说的联系起来,但仔细想想,我觉得你抓住了某个非常有意思的点。我是说,也许我想建立的那个联系并不成立。不过对我来说,那些早年的经历——看到某些东西让我欣喜——那种方式
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40:23
but yeah for me um those early experiences of seeing things that just delighted me in a way that felt like that not only is well the the the thought process was a long time ago when something like oh my goodness I can't believe this exists this is so cool this is the coolest thing and so clearly create an activation state within me but then there was also a thought and a feeling of again a lot of this is sort of pre preverb it's not truly preverbal I could speak at that age but it was um that's of me and I'm of it right there's a connection there and then it was there's something to do about this the activation State created in the body was you know I I need to learn more about this I need to tell people about this I need to think about this I need more examples of this and see whether or not they're all like this you know etc etc um so certainly it meets some of the criteria of a Sublime experience definitely and I knew again when I was in graduate school and again when I was this young Professor about to transition
让人觉得不只是……嗯,那个思维过程是很久以前的事了,大概是「我的天哪,我」「简直不敢相信这东西存在,这太酷了,这是最酷的东西」。所以它显然在我体内创造了一种激活状态,但同时还有一个想法和一种感受——再说一次,这些很多都是前语言的,其实不算真正的前语言,那个年纪我已经会说话了但那种感觉是:它属于我,我也属于它,对吧,那里有一种连接。然后就是:我得为此做点什么身体里被创造出来的那种激活状态就是:我需要更多地了解这个,我需要把这件事告诉别人,我需要思考这个,我需要更多这样的例子,看看它们是不是都是这样,等等等等。所以它确实符合崇高体验的某些标准,绝对符合。而且我知道,在我读研究生的时候,以及后来我还是个即将转为终身教职的年轻教授的时候,我知道事情会
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41:31
to tenure that I knew it was going going to do something different it was as if I was on the threshold of something but I didn't know what that next thing was but I could trust it because of that early experience of knowing that's the threat like like I'm an amphibian this is my environment and you're an amphibian too right and we're different amphibians but you know we're going to be amphibians together right and then and there's a permanence to it that it does seem to transcend time I'm obsessed with time perception so I have to be careful not to go off on a tangent about that but the human brain's ability to F slice or macro slice time is incredible and and it's been set of um not just addictions but also interactions with toxic people that they murder time that that humans have a I think it was young I I'll look it up but um one of the great psychologists said something to the extent that um addictive behaviors thought patterns substances are humans attempts to murder time so that they
变得不一样,就好像我站在某件事的门槛上,但我不知道下一步是什么,但我能信任它,因为早年那种经历让我知道那就是——就好像我是一只两栖动物,这是我的环境,而你也是一只两栖动物,对吧,我们是不同的两栖动物,但我们会一起当两栖动物,对吧。而且它有一种恒久性,似乎确实能超越时间。我对时间知觉很着迷,所以我得小心别在这上面跑题。但人类大脑把时间切成极细片段、或者切成大块的能力实在惊人而且有人说过,不只是成瘾,还包括和有毒的人打交道,它们会「谋杀时间」。人类有——我想是荣格,我回头查一下——某位伟大的心理学家说过大意是成瘾行为、成瘾的思维模式、成瘾物质,都是人类试图谋杀时间,好让自己不必面对自身的必死性
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42:31
don't have to address their mortality yeah and that's always made a lot of sense to me yeah we say kill time is our expression kill time through passive engagement but also kill time through um trying to get overwhelmed or overtaken by an experience or a substance as opposed to when you're truly connected you have that sense of flow and 3 hours can pass by and you're not even aware Ware of it so time is a totally subjective experience it can be extremely slow and tedious and you feel very depressed or it can pass by but that passes by without you even noticing it and it's a wondrous experience you know when I'm deep in my writing I'm not aware of the time passing I'm so involved I'm so immersed it's a deeply deeply pleasurable experience of time it is Sublime and yeah so I agree with you I think your distinction is very interesting you I'm eager awaiting your your next book but we won't rush you well I I I'm I'm so immersed in it that I could I could talk for hours because I also have a chapter in there about what
是啊,这对我来说一直都很有道理。是啊,我们的说法是「杀时间」(kill time),通过被动的投入来杀时间,但也通过让自己被某种体验或某种物质淹没、占据来杀时间,这和你真正投入连接时正好相反——那时你有那种心流感,三个小时过去了你甚至都没察觉。所以时间是一种完全主观的体验。它可以极其缓慢、乏味,让你觉得非常抑郁;也可以就那么过去了,而且是你毫无察觉地过去了,那是一种奇妙的体验。你知道,当我深深沉浸在写作里时,我不会意识到时间在流逝,我太投入了,太沉浸了,那是一种极其极其愉悦的时间体验,它是崇高的。是啊,所以我同意你的看法,我觉得你的区分非常有意思。我很期待你的下一本书,不过我们不会催你。呵,我太沉浸在里面了,我可以聊上好几个小时,因为我在书里还有一章写的是我称之为「代蒙」(daemon)的东西,就是你内心那个对你说话的声音,我正在写
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04权力不是操控,而是影响的能力
43:36
I call the dayon which is like that voice inside of you that speaks to you and I'm writing a whole chapter about how Sublime that is when you connect to that voice so you are spoton there is something very much connected to master in this book but it's the next chapter that I'm writing fantastic I can't wait I can't wait I'd like to shift slightly to a topic that you've written extensively about which is power um and not just power but also seduction which you've written extensively about and of course you've written about finding one's purpose so tell me if the framework that I've just given myself Liberty to create is an accurate one and if it's not I I'm hoping that um it's not in perhaps some interesting ways so to me you talk about and we will talk about power as as a resource it's it's something that um it's there as a resource it could be used or not used um and I think of Seduction as one form of exchange between an individuals so there's a verb associated with seduction power I'm
一整章,讲当你连接上那个声音时,那有多么崇高。所以你说得太对了,这本书里确实有某些东西跟《精通》(mastery)密切相关,但那正是我接下来要写的一章。太棒了,我迫不及待,迫不及待。我想稍微转换一下话题,聊聊你写过很多的一个主题,那就是权力,而且不只是权力,还有诱惑(seduction),你也写过很多。当然,你还写过关于找到人生目标(purpose)的内容。所以告诉我,我刚才擅自给自己搭出来的这个框架准不准确;如果不准确,我倒希望它是以某种有意思的方式不准确。对我来说,你谈到——我们接下来也会谈到——权力是一种资源,它是某种作为资源存在的东西,可以被使用,也可以不被使用。而我把诱惑看作个体之间一种交换的形式,所以诱惑有一个动词与之相关联;而权力在这个语境里,我更把它当成一个名词——你才是玩文字的那位。然后呢,人生目标其实是关于
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44:43
thinking of more as a noun in this context you're the word guy um and then you know purpose is uh is really about finding like to what end or ends one is going to um devote power seduction and the other forces that allow human beings to interact with each other in the world um but power as a resource that can be expressed in different ways and accessed in different ways maybe we could just explore that a little bit because you know when we hear the word power I think a lot of people kind of brace themselves like here we go someone's going to try and have power over me this is about manipulation and so on and so forth but I learned pretty early on that every every career Endeavor there there are power dynamics there's Mentor mentee they teachers and their students and both have power um in inter in romantic relationship there's a power exchange there are yeses and their NOS there are Mayes there are um uh covert and overt contracts yeah I'll do this because I want to right you'll do this because you
找到自己要把权力、诱惑,以及其他那些让人类得以在世界上彼此互动的力量,投向什么目的但权力作为一种资源,可以用不同方式表达,也可以用不同方式获取也许我们可以稍微展开聊聊这个,因为你知道,当我们听到「权力」这个词时,我觉得很多人会有点绷紧,心想「来了,又有人要压我一头了,这是关于」「操控」之类的。但我很早就明白,每一份职业追求里都存在权力动态:有导师和被指导者,有老师和他们的学生,双方都有权力。在浪漫关系里也有权力交换,有「好」,有「不行」,有「也许」,还有隐性和显性的契约。是啊,「我做这个是因为我想做」,对吧,「你做那个是因为你想做」,太好了,听起来不错,这是显性
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45:49
want to great sounds great overt contractor they're also covert contracts well I don't feel safe doing that so what I'll do is I'll take something on through from the interaction that you're not aware of so that I can sort of um ease my sense of danger and make give myself the illusion of feeling safe and all sorts of kind of complicated human dynamics that have to do with us having this forbrain thing that can do all of that gymnastics so maybe we could start very simply by just saying you know how would you define power in terms of its uh functional definition like in in in interpersonal relations and then why do you think power is so essential to all relationships that's really what I'd like to get to why is it so essential why couldn't it be something else well the way I Define Powers I try and take it away from that kind of negative context that most people have and that you that you brought up and I bring it to something very primitive and very Primal the way the human being is wired
契约。但也存在隐性契约:「我觉得那样做不安全,所以我会」「从这段互动里悄悄拿走一些你察觉不到的东西,这样我就能稍微缓解自己的危险感,给」「自己制造一种安全的错觉」。还有各种各样复杂的人类动态,都跟我们拥有前脑这个能做出各种花式操作的东西有关。所以也许我们可以从最简单的开始:你会怎么定义权力,从它的功能性定义来说,比如在人际关系里;然后,你为什么认为权力对所有关系都如此本质?这才是我真正想探讨的:为什么它这么本质,为什么不能是别的什么东西?嗯,我定义权力的方式是,我试着把它从大多数人所持有的、也就是你刚才提到的那种负面语境里剥离出来,把它带回到某种非常原始、非常本能的东西上——人类天生的构造方式,那种我们对自己所处环境毫无掌控的感觉。在最早的
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46:49
the feeling that we have no control over our environment and in the earliest period it was literally over our environment and wild animals and nature and and climate Etc but now the sense that you have no control over your career over your children over your parents is deeply deeply am miserating and it compels us to act in certain ways either attempts to find positive ways of power or doing what you call covert ways of getting power you know passive aggressive traditionally passive aggressive means so it's deeply wired in us to want a degree of control over the immediate environment and immediate events we can never have complete control and the idea of having complete control is nonsense and it would actually be very ugly because you want a degree of Letting Go and letting circumstances come to you etc etc so the sense of you you you want to feel like with other people and relationships that you can influence them that you can move them in a certain direction either to get you to love you
时期,那字面上就是对环境、野兽、自然、气候等等的掌控。而现在,那种你对自己的职业、对自己的孩子、对自己的父母毫无掌控的感觉,是深深深深地让人痛苦的,它迫使我们以某些方式行动,要么试图寻找积极的权力方式,要么就是你说的那些隐蔽的获取权力的方式,你知道,被动攻击——传统上说的被动攻击手段。所以,想要对眼前的环境和眼前的事件拥有一定程度的掌控,这是深深写进我们身体里的我们永远不可能拥有完全的掌控,而且想要完全掌控这个念头本身就是荒唐的,那实际上会非常难看,因为你也需要一定程度的放手,让境遇自己来到你面前,等等等等。所以那种感觉是,你想要在与他人、在各种关系中,觉得自己能影响他们,能把他们往某个方向推动,要么让他们爱你、
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47:56
and treat treat you better or either to stop annoying irritating behaviors or either to you know wake up and and find and and and do productive activity if it's your children Etc you want to have the ability to influence people to move them in a certain direction either in your interest or in their interest right and once you have that need and every single human being ever who's ever lived has that need and we often don't recognize it because we're in embarrassed by it we're embarrassed by our desire for power for our need to control every human being has it right and it's not easy because human beings are complicated they don't if you say do this and you're talking to your son he'll do the opposite or he'll do something else you can't just force people in a direction right by being overt and telling them this is what you need to do you create resentment you create an enemy they may they may say yes yes daddy yes husband I'll do what you say say but they're you they're they're going to resist you deep down
更好地对待你,要么让他们停止那些恼人烦人的行为,要么,你知道,让他们清醒过来,去找到并且去做些有成效的事——如果对象是你的孩子之类的。你想要拥有影响别人、把他们推向某个方向的能力,要么是为了你的利益,要么是为了他们的利益,对吧。而一旦你有了这种需求——而有史以来活过的每一个人都有这种需求——我们常常不承认它,因为我们为它感到难为情,我们为自己对权力的渴望、对掌控的需要感到难为情。每个人都有,对吧。而这并不容易,因为人是复杂的,他们不会……如果你说「做这个」,而你说话的对象是你儿子,他会反着来,或者干点别的。你没法硬来把人往某个方向带的时候,如果你太直白,直接告诉他们你必须这么做,你就会制造出怨恨,你会树立一个敌人,他们也许会说好好好,爸爸说得对,老公说得对,我照你说的做,但其实他们内心深处是会抗拒你的,对吧,所以人是很难搞的,他们戴着面具,嘴上说一套
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49:00
inside right so people are tricky they wear masks they pretend to say one thing and they do another they have their egos and you inadvertently wound their egos or trip them in some way and they react in a way that you don't expect and so power is this kind of invisible realm that envelops Society where people are continually battling each other and struggling in it but no one is like talking about it no one's being overt about it no one's saying this is exactly what I'm trying to do and so when you enter the social world and the career world you're not expecting these battles you don't know no one's taught you no one's trained you your parents don't train you nobody trains you and you make mistakes and you realize how political people are if you're a Sharky character and there's a certain percentage of them you realize wow I can deceive people I can manipulate them I can get what I want I can pretend to love them and they they'll fall for me and I can do all this other stuff but for most of us the
做的又是另一套,他们都有自尊心,而你无意中伤了他们的自尊,或者以某种方式冒犯了他们,他们的反应就会出乎你的意料,所以权力就是这样一个笼罩着整个社会的无形领域,人们不断地互相较量、彼此角力,但没有人真的把它说出来,没有人摆到台面上讲,没有人会说这正是我想做的事,所以当你踏入社交圈和职场的时候,你根本没料到会有这些争斗你不懂,没人教过你,没人训练过你,你父母没教你,没有任何人教你,于是你就会犯错,然后你才意识到人有多热衷于搞政治,如果你本身是个鲨鱼型的人——这类人占一定比例——你会发现,哇,我可以骗人,我可以操纵别人,我可以拿到我想要的,我可以假装爱他们,而他们就会栽在我手里,我还能玩很多别的花样,但对我们大多数人来说,也就是那不是鲨鱼的95%,我也
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50:00
95% of us who aren't sharks and I'm I'm including myself in that category it's it's it's very very disturbing to suddenly enter that world and see all of that invisible power games on that's no one's given you any advice for helped you and so take it out of the realm of it's just about trying to dominate the world and manipulate and exploit and and abuse it's something inside of you you have this need and your suppression of it will only make you come out in passive ways and you won't be able to control certain things if you want to move people if you want them to follow your ideas if you want them to be more aligned with your politics or your ideas you have to be subtle you have to learn psychology you have to learn certain aspects of how to almost move people without them realizing against in certain directions which is like The Art of Seduction and if you're not interested in that if you're just going to tell people what you think of what you're going to do that means you're not interested in Practical action you're
把自己算在这一类里——突然进入那个世界,看到所有那些看不见的权力游戏,是非常非常令人不安的,而且没人给过你任何建议、没人帮过你,所以要把它从那种“只是想支配世界、操纵、剥削和虐待”的框架里拿出来,它其实是你内心的一部分,你有这种需求,而你越是压抑它,它就越会以被动的方式冒出来,你也就没法掌控某些事情,如果你想打动别人,如果你想让他们接受你的想法,如果你想让他们更认同你的政治立场或你的观点你就必须懂得含蓄,你必须学心理学,你必须学会某些技巧,几乎是在对方没有察觉的情况下把人往某些方向引导,这就像《诱惑的艺术》,如果你对这个不感兴趣,如果你只是打算把你的想法、你要做的事直接告诉别人,那说明你对实际行动不感兴趣,你对
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51:08
not interested in results you're just interested in venting your own frustrations or your own anger so learning the subtle little dynamics of power is extremely essential because we're a social animal it doesn't mean that you're going to get dirty that you're going to suddenly go out there and manipulate the hell out of people most of the 48 Laws of Power is about defense but how to defend yourself from the Sharks about there how to defend yourself from making classic mistakes like outshining the master like talking too much like arguing with people instead of demonstrating your ideas on and on and on it's not an ugly thing it actually makes you a better social individual so that's how I I like to frame it it's very interesting I I think as a young guy growing up it was so important to me um to know where I fit in with my friend group um and I didn't think of it so much as a hierarchy um nor when I was in my academic studies did I think of it as a hierarchy even though it was clearly was
结果不感兴趣,你只是想发泄自己的挫败感或者怒气而已,所以学会权力这些细微的运作方式极其重要,因为我们是社会性动物,这并不意味着你要变得肮脏,意味着你会突然跑出去把别人玩弄于股掌之间,《权力的48条法则》里大部分内容讲的其实是防守,是如何保护自己不被那些鲨鱼算计,如何避免犯那些经典错误,比如锋芒盖过主子,比如话说得太多,比如跟人争辩而不是用行动展示你的想法,等等等等,它并不是什么丑陋的东西,它实际上会让你成为一个更好的社会人,所以我喜欢这样来看待它,这很有意思,我觉得我小时候,作为一个男孩对我来说特别重要的一件事,就是搞清楚我在朋友圈里处在什么位置,我当时并没有把它想成是一种等级制,在我读书做学术的时候也没有把它当成等级制,虽然它显然就是,
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52:12
right um so much as it the goal was to figure out where was my unique slot that I could um do the most good for myself and others you know kind of finding my spot um I don't want to say on a shelf because that gives an image of something vertical but you know in the let's make it lateral a lateral arrangement of different people with different strengths different life purposes trying to figure them out you know where where should I be in order to express that and also feel connected to others and um and in order to do that I did have to I realize now based on your answer I did have to figure out um you know who's trying to have power over who's pretending that they don't want Power but is actually exerting power um you know these sorts of things and there's an incredible piece that comes from knowing that one is in the correct Place both profession interpersonally in relation to oneself but also in the context of one's peer peer group it's kind of yeah this is where I belong because trying to gain power when one is
我更多是想弄明白,我独一无二的位置在哪里,在哪儿我能为自己和别人带来最大的好处,就是找到我自己的位置,我不想说是“架子上的格子”,因为那会让人联想到纵向的东西,我们不如把它想成横向的,一种横向的排列,不同的人有不同的长处、不同的人生使命,大家都在摸索,就是我究竟该待在哪儿,才能把这些表达出来,同时又跟别人有连接感,而为了做到这一点,我确实必须——听了你的回答我现在才意识到——我确实必须搞清楚,谁在试图掌控别人,谁在假装自己不想要权力但实际上却在行使权力,就是这类事情,而当一个人知道自己处在正确的位置时,会有一种非常了不起的安宁感不管是在职业上、在人际关系上、在和自己的关系上,还是在同龄人群体这个情境里,那种感觉就是,对,这就是我该待的地方,因为如果一个人
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53:18
trying to move to a position that isn't right for them or in a way that isn't right for them just seems so energetically costly seems like a waste of a life frankly right right you know trying to gather resources simply to to have them to give the illusion of power but then being afraid of losing them just sounds like a recipe for for misery as you pointed out you know whereas figuring out where am I most powerful in the benevolent sense of the word that that that seems like a good a good Pursuit well it's connecting up to to Mastery again and finding your life's purpose you know I I I knew when I was young that I couldn't exert physical power because I was a skinny little runt and I was I wasn't bullied but people would kind of pick on me etc etc so I veered towards intellectual Pursuits where I could have power and in the end you know you might have been a jock and you might have done well in high school but haha Look at me now I'm not saying that it's a beautiful thing that that's but that's part of human nature the
想要争取权力,却是想挪到一个并不适合他的位置,或者用一种并不适合他的方式,那在能量上代价太大了,坦白说就像是在浪费一生,对对,你知道,只是为了拥有资源而去搜刮资源,制造出一种有权力的假象然后又害怕失去它们,这听起来就是通往痛苦的配方,就像你刚才说的,而反过来弄清楚我在哪方面最有力量——是那种善意意义上的力量——这听起来才是一个不错的追求,嗯,这又回到了“精通”这件事,回到找到你的人生使命,你知道我小时候就明白自己没法靠体力称雄,因为我就是个瘦巴巴的小个子,我倒不算被霸凌,但别人会时不时地欺负我一下,诸如此类,所以我转向了智识上的追求,在那里我可以拥有力量,到最后你知道,你当年也许是个体育健将,高中过得风生水起,但哈哈,看看我现在,我不是说这有多美好,但这就是人性的一部分,那种想要证明自己、找到属于自己的
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54:17
desire to actually you know prove yourself and find that Niche that you that you belong to so you don't have that kind of hum that sense of inferiority which Alfred Adler the psychologist describes very eloquently so a lot of it is kind of compensating when you're a child for things that are your weaknesses and finding what you're so good at that you do have that power and people can't bully you right and you you're you're like now a famous neuroscientist whereas they're like who knows what they're doing kind of thing so power definitely is connected in some way to that inner sense of what you were meant to do and you feel it with the with the ease and the connection that comes from it right so I can honestly say that my dislike of working for other people and office politics and egos I now have a of an existence where I don't have to deal with any of that and I'm so blessed and I wake up every morning and I pray to God thank God I I found this because it's it's the perfect lifestyle for me and you're are can be accurately
那块领地的渴望,这样你就不会有那种自卑感,心理学家阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒对此有非常精彩的描述所以很多时候这其实是在补偿你童年的那些弱点,是去找到那件你特别擅长的事,让你拥有那种力量,别人也就欺负不了你,对吧,而且你现在是个有名的神经科学家,而他们呢,谁知道在干嘛,就是这种感觉,所以权力肯定在某种程度上跟你内心那种“我天生该做什么”的感觉是连在一起的,你能从那种游刃有余和契合感中体会到它对吧,所以我可以诚实地说,我讨厌给别人打工、讨厌办公室政治和那些自我作祟,而我现在过上了一种完全不用跟这些打交道的生活,我太有福气了,我每天早上醒来都会向上帝祈祷,感谢上帝让我找到了这个,因为这对我来说是完美的生活方式,而你可以被准确地
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05诱惑、禁忌与脆弱的正面价值
55:24
described as an intellectual be Beast so it's um and which is like a compliment right um we hear the word beast and we think uh you know a Ferocious Beast trying to harm others but I'm happy being a beast yeah you know so I think finding where we can be a beast you know and and for some people that's painting or or yeah gardening or whatever it might be um I think is again ties back to the these issues of or this quest of for Mastery seduction is also a very loaded word right it's even more uglier than power because seduction right seduction kind of drips with uh the idea that somebody is tricking someone else into doing something that they otherwise would not want to do but seduction is both our propensity to do it and to have it done to us is hardwired into our nervous system and has a lot to do with the hypothalamus and a bunch of other areas that I won't Bor us with the nomenclature but um seduction to me implies some sort of exchange I suppose we could seduce ourselves through denial
形容为一头智识上的野兽,这是一种夸奖,对吧,我们听到“野兽”这个词就会想到那种凶猛的、想伤害别人的怪兽,但我很乐意当一头野兽,对,所以我觉得,找到我们能当野兽的那个领域对有些人来说可能是画画,或者园艺,或者别的什么,我觉得这又回到了这些问题上,或者说回到对“精通”的追寻。诱惑也是一个包袱很重的词,对吧,它甚至比权力更难听,因为一说到诱惑,那个词就透着一种某人在哄骗别人去做他们本来并不想做的事的意味,但不管是我们主动去诱惑的倾向,还是被诱惑的倾向都是写进我们神经系统里的,跟下丘脑还有其他一堆脑区都有很大关系我就不拿那些术语烦大家了,但对我来说,诱惑意味着某种交换,我想我们也可以通过否认来诱惑自己
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56:30
or convincing ourselves that of of something but more often than not when we talk about seduction we're talking about an interaction between two or more people so um what are some of the core principles of Seduction and and if you care to play um Anthropologist a bit um and a neuroscientist I I would invite that why do you think we have neural circuits in our brain that allow us to seduce and be seduced well um I don't know how if if I'm if I'm being kind of an armchair intellectual here but my my theory is some of it has to go back to social um events long in our prehistory which have to do with taboos and Society was initially kind of organized by a series of tabos right most notably the taboo on incest and what happened this is just not my theory it's the theory of the malanowski malanowski is I pronounce it um that the moment a taboo enters the human brain like you're not supposed to sleep with this woman the desire arises inside of you to actually sleep with that woman the the the sense of no the sense that
或者说服自己相信某件事,但更多时候我们谈诱惑,谈的是两个人或更多人之间的互动,那么诱惑的核心原则有哪些呢?如果你愿意稍微扮演一下人类学家,还有神经科学家,我很欢迎,你觉得为什么我们大脑里会有这些让我们能去诱惑、也能被诱惑的神经回路?嗯,我不知道我是不是在这儿当一个纸上谈兵的知识分子,但我的理论是,其中一部分要追溯到史前很久以前的社会现象,那些跟禁忌有关的事情。社会最初大致就是由一系列禁忌组织起来的,对吧,最著名的就是乱伦禁忌,而后来发生的事——这不只是我的理论,这是马林诺夫斯基的理论,我是这么念的——就是,当一个禁忌进入人脑的那一刻,比如“你不该跟这个女人上床”,那种想要真的跟她上床的欲望就在你心里升起来了,那个“不行”的感觉,那种“这是被禁止的”的感觉,反而挑起了欲望
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57:44
this is prohibited stirs the desire stirs the contrary impulses in humans and we can be very um what's the word perverse creatures right so if you've ever tried to suppress a thought you realize that it keeps coming up keeps coming up you can't suppress it don't think of an elephant Andrew whatever you do don't think of an elephant you're thinking of it because you can't help it right the idea that you're not supposed to desire this person stirs that actual desire so I believe the sense of something being taboo and transgressive is the ultimate kind of origin of our desire for seduction but seduction in involves vulnerability it involves somebody gets inside somebody gets under our skin right and to do that we have to let them in so the person being seduced is in some ways to a degree complicit because if you just put up a wall and you said no I I'm not going to be seduced nothing will happen but you have a vulnerability you're letting that person into your psyche Into Your Inner Space the
挑起了人身上那种逆反的冲动,我们人可以非常……那个词怎么说,非常乖张,对吧,所以如果你试过压抑某个念头,你会发现它不停地冒出来,一直冒出来,你压不住它,别去想大象,安德鲁,不管你做什么都别去想大象——你已经在想了,因为你控制不住对吧,“你不该对这个人产生欲望”这个念头,恰恰挑起了真实的欲望,所以我相信,那种“某件事是禁忌、是越界”的感觉,才是我们诱惑欲望的终极源头。但诱惑涉及脆弱,它意味着有人进到了你里面,有人钻进了你的皮肤底下,对吧,而要做到这一点,我们必须让他们进来,所以被诱惑的那个人在某种程度上也是共谋,因为如果你只是筑起一堵墙,说不,我不会被诱惑,那什么都不会发生,但你有一处脆弱,你让那个人进入了你的心灵,进入了你的内在空间。这种模式的原型来自童年早期,弗洛伊德对此谈了很多,我不知道现在还有没有人相信弗洛伊德
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58:54
Paradigm for that Early Childhood so Freud talks a lot about this I don't know if people still believe in Freud anymore but I certainly do okay absolutely a genius of both Psychology and Physiology wrong about a lot of things did a lot of things he shouldn't have done I let's acknowledge that I think everyone would agree that sleeping with your patients and being a cocaine addict bad ideas but at the same time he had an absolute like near Supernatural levels of insight and Brilliance into human nature sleep with patience I believe he did um but if I just if I just threw that on him without him doing it then you know uh forgive me he certainly had emotional attachments to his patients that he shouldn't have had I don't know if he slept with them he very well might have but his idea was that the child is seduced by the parent you're in extremely vulnerable position right your life depends on them and they're seducing you with their energy you're letting them in right and that kind of creates a pattern pattern for
但我肯定是信的,好,他绝对是心理学和生理学两方面的天才,虽然很多事情他都搞错了,也做过很多他不该做的事,我们承认这一点,我想大家都会同意,跟自己的病人上床、还有当个可卡因瘾君子,都是糟糕的主意。但与此同时,他对人性的洞察和才华简直接近超自然的水平。跟病人上床,我相信他确实做过,但如果我只是这样扣在他头上而他其实并没做过那么,抱歉。他肯定对病人有过不该有的情感依恋我不知道他有没有跟她们上床,很有可能,但他的观点是,孩子是被父母诱惑的你处在极其脆弱的位置,对吧,你的生命依赖他们,而他们用自己的能量在诱惑你你让他们进来了,对吧,这就形成了一种模式,一种伴随你余生的模式,比如说,被
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59:56
the rest of your life and so for instance the feeling of being carried by your father and just being taken around physically is a form of Seduction because you don't know what he's going to do to you you're very excited you want that surprise right and to me it's related to the seduction of a story stories are very seducing to us we don't know where they're taking us we don't know what the next chapter is what's going to happen to this character or not the surprise lowers our resistance and opens our mind up to what's going to happen next is a form of Seduction fairy tales the stories you were reading as a child your interactions with your parents they're deeply deeply ingrained in you you cannot be seduced unless you are vulnerable right and so I like to switch it around and get out of the negative connotations being vulnerable is actually a positive trait I think a lot of people now in the world today because things are so harsh and invasive that people have become too invulnerable they don't want to let
父亲抱着、被他带着到处走的那种感觉,就是一种诱惑形式,因为你不知道他要对你做什么,你非常兴奋,你期待那个惊喜,对吧,在我看来这跟故事的诱惑是相通的故事对我们极具诱惑力,我们不知道它会把我们带向哪里,我们不知道下一章是什么,这个人物会遭遇什么,那种惊喜降低了我们的防备,让我们的心敞开,去期待接下来会发生什么,这就是一种诱惑形式,童话、你小时候读的那些故事、你和父母的互动,都深深深深地刻在你身上。除非你是脆弱的,否则你无法被诱惑,对吧,所以我喜欢把它反过来看,跳出那些负面含义——脆弱其实是一种正面的特质。我觉得如今世界上很多人因为环境太严酷、太具侵入性,人们变得太刀枪不入了,什么都不愿意放进来,对吧,而这又侵蚀了
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1:01:05
anything in right and this now infects their relationships with other people they don't want to be influenced they they want to be strong inside of themselves they're afraid of giving in to the other person of surrendering to their influence but it's actually a delightful feeling to surrender to the power of another person and then reverse that charge and have them surrender to your power so when I'm reading a writer and sometimes uh they completely seduce me like friederick nid is one of my favorite writers I let go of everything I let him enter my brain and I'm completely seduced I let him lead me along but then I encounter writers that I don't like at all I I'll mention one you know probably not a good thing but Steven Pinker I don't like Steven Pinker I find him really annoying okay um but I forc myself to try and find a way to be seduced by him to let him into my brain to see where he's coming from to open myself to the possibility that he could be correct so vulnerability letting people into your mental space is a form
他们和别人的关系,他们不想被影响,他们想在内心保持强硬,他们害怕向对方让步、害怕臣服于对方的影响力,但臣服于另一个人的力量其实是一种愉悦的感觉,然后再把这股电流反转过来,让对方臣服于你的力量。所以当我读一个作家的作品时有时候他们会彻底把我诱惑住,比如尼采就是我最喜欢的作家之一,我会放下一切我让他进入我的大脑,我完全被诱惑了,我任由他带着我走。但我也会遇到我完全不喜欢的作家,我举一个例子这么说大概不太好,史蒂芬·平克,我不喜欢史蒂芬·平克,我觉得他很烦人,好吧,但我会强迫自己去找到某种方式被他诱惑,让他进入我的大脑,去看他的立场从何而来,让自己对“他可能是对的”这种可能性敞开。所以脆弱、让别人进入你的精神空间,是一种
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1:02:13
of intelligence it's a it's kind of an emotional and an intellectual intelligence and forgive me for interrupting but I think it also implies a level of confidence because empathy or allowing oneself to be vulnerable to the point where you're seduced by something um by definition if you're choosing to do it uh implies that you also have the confidence that you can get back to yourself afterward right that you're not going to get lost in the circumstances you're not going to be hijacked to the point of no return right or in some way that's detrimental to you so it it's um it I'm sounding really nerdy here it's a it's cinear with with confidence in many ways sure like take my mind and take it where you will because I know I can come back at any time right right and the same thing in a physical seduction in a romantic sense right you're opening yourself up to the charm to the energy of the other person but if they start displaying dark energy and you see that they're abusive or something is wrong
智慧,是一种情感上和智识上的智慧。原谅我打断一下,但我觉得这同时也意味着某种程度的自信,因为共情,或者允许自己脆弱到被某样东西诱惑的地步从定义上讲,如果你是主动选择这么做的,那就意味着你同时也有信心,事后你能回到你自己,对吧,意味着你不会迷失在那个情境里,不会被劫持到无法回头的地步,对吧,或者被劫持到对你有害的程度,所以这……我这么说听着特别书呆子气,这在很多方面跟自信是同义的,当然,就像是:来吧,带走我的心智,带去哪儿都行,因为我知道我随时能回来,对,对,同样的道理也适用于身体层面、浪漫意义上的诱惑,对吧,你向对方的魅力、对方的能量敞开自己,但如果他们开始显露出阴暗的能量,你看出他们有虐待倾向或者哪里不对劲,你有能力抽身——啊,不过这里就变得很微妙了,因为非常微妙
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1:03:13
you have the ability to retreat ah well there it gets tricky because very tricky well because the attachment systems which are also rooted in childhood um oftentimes can overwhelm one's ability to recover oneself like to I mean so I mean how many if I had a dollar for every time someone in that I knew in my life saying like you know I know they're bad for me but I just can't like we just can't seem to disengage like that you hear about that all the time I mean you see court cases about this that are public and you know you just go why didn't they just walk away from one another well because once those attachment systems are locked in it almost becomes in a and here metaphorically speaking like a parent child relationship like you can't suddenly decide your parents weren't your parents simply because you know better now right you are forever stricken with the reality that they were and they had an influence and I think that that attachment system is um is a is a force that tugs pretty hard yeah
因为依恋系统——它同样根植于童年——常常会压过一个人自我恢复的能力,我是说,如果我认识的人每说一次“我知道他对我不好,但我就是做不到”我就能拿到一美元的话,就是那种“我们好像就是分不开”,你经常会听到这种事,我是说你看那些公开的法庭案件,你会想,为什么他们就不能各走各的路呢?就是因为一旦那些依恋系统锁定了,它几乎就变成了——这里是打个比方——一种亲子关系,就好像你不能因为现在懂得更多了,就突然决定你父母不是你父母对吧,你永远被这个现实钉住:他们就是你父母,他们对你产生过影响。我觉得那个依恋系统是一股拉扯力很强的力量,是的,而且,自从《诱惑的艺术》出版以来,很多女性写信给我
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1:04:06
and um a lot of women have written to me since the Art of Seduction sort of saying that their boyfriend or husband was applying some of these tactics on them and it was very painful and they were kind of a little bit angry at me for for it but then they kind of realized that they it wasn't they didn't learn it really from my book it was already kind of wired in them but that reading about these tactics and these strategies actually helped them to recognize what their husband or boyfriend was doing to them the manipulation and the games that were being played do men write to you and talk about the seductive adornments that women have used to to um bring them into relationship as well or are you typically hearing from women I mostly hear from women complaining about men and and and how they've abused them and how they used I see some of these some of the strategies I I don't deny have a slightly nefarious Edge to them because I didn't want to write a book about Seduction That doesn't have that
说她们的男朋友或丈夫正在对她们使用书里的一些手法她们,那真的很痛苦,她们还有点因此而生我的气,但后来她们意识到,其实不是真的从我书里学到了什么,那些东西本来就已经刻在她们心里了,只是读到这些手段、这些策略,确实帮她们认清了自己的丈夫或男友对她们做了什么,那些操纵,那些正在玩的把戏有男性写信给你,谈论女性用来把他们带入一段关系的那些诱惑性的装扮吗,还是说你听到的通常都来自女性?我听到的大多是女性抱怨男人,抱怨他们怎么虐待了她们,怎么利用了她们。我承认,我看到其中有些策略确实带着一点点邪门的色彩,因为我不想写一本关于诱惑的书却没有那种禁忌的成分,因为我认为诱惑本身就包含禁忌,我不想
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1:05:04
taboo element because I say seduction involves the taboo and I didn't want to I didn't want to censor myself but female toale seduction clearly also exists less of I acknowledge that it's um less often is it physically abusive um but right I mean from an early age both boys and girls men and women are coached by Society on the sorts of uh seductive tactics and and adornments right I mean everything from makeup perfume hairstyles cars watches jewelry um expression power displays of any kind um I mean that stuff the world's filled with that stuff yeah but men are generally kind of happy when a woman seduces them right they're unless they're after their money or something like that which happens but generally the sense you know I talk about this in in the first chapter about Sirens which I say is the quintessence essential archetype of the female seductress the the kind of half human half bird creature on a rock singing so beautifully that you have to jump in the water and then they kill you and so the
我不想自我审查。但女性对男性的诱惑显然也是存在的,只是我承认,那种情况里带有肢体虐待的要少一些嗯,但没错,我是说从很小的时候起,男孩和女孩、男人和女人就被社会教导各种诱惑的手段和装扮,对吧,从化妆、香水、发型,到汽车、手表、珠宝,嗯,各种表达方式、各种形式的权力展示,我是说,这世界上到处都是这种东西。是的,但男人通常在被女人诱惑时还挺开心的,对吧,除非对方是冲着他们的钱之类的去的,这确实会发生,但一般来说那种感觉,你知道,我在第一章里谈到了塞壬,我认为她是女性诱惑者最典型的原型,就是那种半人半鸟的生物,站在礁石上唱歌,唱得那么美,让你不得不跳进水里,然后她们就把你杀了。所以这个意思是,男人是想放手的,因为男人必须时刻那么自控、那么强大
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1:06:06
idea is that men want to let go because men have to be so in control so powerful they have to project this image they have a secret desire to let go and be almost dominated by a very powerful woman a lot of men have that and I talk about some of the most powerful men in in history jul jius Caesar Mark Anthony um Joe dagio who all these men very masculine men who fallen for very feminine siren-like women and been completely dominated by them and they actually kind of enjoy the process because it's like a sense of I can let go I can enter this totally s sensual physical world and it it's extremely pleasing it's like another realm outside of my kind of cold masculine world you know so I don't really get men complaining too much about women who've seduced them honestly it's usually the other way around I'd like to take a quick break and thank our sponsor insid tracker insid tracker is a personalized nutrition platform that analyzes data from your blood and DNA to help you better understand your body and help you
他们必须维持这种形象,其实内心深处有一种渴望,想要放手,想被一个非常强大的女人所主宰,很多男人都有这种心理,我谈到了历史上一些最有权势的男人,尤利乌斯·凯撒、马克·安东尼,还有乔·迪马乔,这些人都是非常阳刚的男人,却迷恋上了极其女性化、如塞壬般的女人,并被她们彻底掌控,而且他们其实还挺享受这个过程的因为那是一种「我可以放松下来了」的感觉,我可以进入一个完全感官的、肉体的世界,那种感觉极其愉悦,就像是一个脱离我那冰冷的男性世界之外的另一个国度,所以我其实很少听到男人抱怨那些勾引过他们的女人,说实话,通常情况正好相反。我想稍作暂停,感谢我们的赞助商 InsideTrackerInsideTracker 是一个个性化营养平台,它会分析你的血液和 DNA 数据,帮助你更好地了解自己的身体,并帮你
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1:07:14
reach your health goals now I've long been a believer in getting regular blood work done for the simple reason that many of the factors that impact your immediate and long-term Health can only be analyzed from a quality blood test a major problem with a lot of blood tests out there however is that you get information back about metabolic factors lipids and hormones and so forth but you don't know what to do with that information with inside tracker they make it very easy because they have a personalized platform that allows you to see the levels of all those things metabolic factors lipids hormones Etc but it gives you specific directives that you can follow that relate to nutrition behavioral modification supplements Etc that can help you bring those numbers into the ranges that are optimal for you if you'd like to try inside TR TR ER you can go to insid tracker.com huberman to get 20% off any of insid tracker's plans again that's insid tracker.com huberman I've heard before um and I promise this is not an original
实现健康目标。我一直以��都相信要定期做血液检查,原因很简单,因为很多影响你当下健康和长期健康的因素,只能通过一次高质量的血液检测才能分析出来。但是目前很多血液检测有一个很大的问题,就是你拿到的是关于代谢指标、血脂、激素等等的信息,但你不知道拿这些信息该怎么办。而有了 InsideTracker,这一切就变得很简单,因为他们有一个个性化平台,让你能看到所有这些指标的水平,代谢指标、血脂、激素等等但它还会给你具体的行动建议,你可以照着执行,涉及营养、行为调整、补剂等等,这些都能帮你把这些数值调整到最适合你的区间。如果你想试试 InsideTracker,可以访问insidetracker.com/huberman,即可享受 InsideTracker 任意套餐八折优惠。再说一遍,网址是 insidetracker.com/huberman。我之前听说过嗯,我保证这不是我自己想出来的点子、却假装是从别处听来的——是我朋友让我替他问的
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06性与权力:谁在真正掌控关系
1:08:08
idea that I'm pretending to have heard elsewhere that my friend asked me to ask sort of question that in all sexual exchanges there's a power exchange definitely um maybe you could elaborate on that um because as you were describing some of the seductive power dynamics that exist uh a phrase that I've heard before uh came to mind um that at first made me chuckle but then made me think um quite deeply about this issue of the relationship between sexual and power dynamics which is this notion of topping from the bottom you know if one is giving someone else the impression that they are more powerful by virtue of the word giving they actually hold some power right power is can be given or taken but um often times uh seductive exchanges and sexual exchanges and romantic exchanges in particular are about both people uh buying into a ute a temporary illusion let's pretend that you're in charge when actually I'm in charge okay but I know that you think that you're in charge okay let's just pretend none of
这类问题:在所有性的互动里,都存在一种权力的交换,肯定是这样。嗯,也许你可以就这一点再展开讲讲,因为刚才你在描述某些诱惑中存在的权力动态时,我脑子里冒出了一句以前听过的话那句话一开始让我觉得好笑,但后来让我相当深入地思考性与权力动态之间关系的这个问题也就是所谓的"由下位者主导"(topping from the bottom)这个说法。你知道,如果一个人让另一个人觉得他们更有权力那么正因为"给予"这个词,其实真正握有权力的是前者,对吧。权力是可以被给予或被夺取的,但很多时候诱惑的互动、性的互动,尤其是浪漫关系中的互动,都是双方共同接受一种暂时的幻觉。我们假装你说了算,而实际上是我说了算。好吧,但我知道你以为你才是做主的那个。好吧,那我们就当这些都不存在,直接做某件事就好,对吧。我觉得这是另一个关于"隐性
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1:09:14
that exists and just do X right and I think this is another example of covert contracts and it's one that actually can potentially create a lot of problems post Hawk right um but I think the relationship between sex romance and power is an important area to explore in the context of this well I wrote The Art of Seduction with the idea that it was an art invented by women it was invented by women who had no power essentially socially politically in any sense of the word in in in domestically right and but the one power that they could that they could wield over a man was through sex some physical attraction and so they develop this art of kind of luring a man into their world through various theatrical effects Cleopatra being kind of the archetype of this and then luring the the powerful man into this world he has the illusion that he's the one pursuing her but in fact she is the one controlling the dynamic so often times the person who appears to be the weaker one in the relationship who's not not
契约"的例子,而且这种契约事后其实可能会制造出很多问题,对吧。不过我觉得性、浪漫与权力之间的关系,是在这个话题下值得探讨的一个重要领域。嗯,我写《诱惑的艺术》时的想法是它是一门由女性发明的艺术。发明它的女性基本上没有任何权力——社会上、政治上,从任何意义上说都没有,在家庭中也没有,对吧但她们唯一能够对男人施加的力量,就是通过性、通过身体上的吸引力于是她们发展出这样一门艺术:用各种戏剧化的效果把男人引诱进自己的世界,克娄巴特拉可以说是这方面的原型,然后再引诱把有权势的男人引入这个世界,他会产生一种错觉,以为是自己在追求她,但实际上是她在掌控这段关系的走向。所以很多时候,在一段关系里看起来处于弱势的那一方,也就是没有
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1:10:25
doing the pursuing is actually inviting the pursuing is actually leading the other person on so there's a lot of kind of appearance games going on and you can never really figure out who exactly is in control of the dynamic because one person is like allowing the other person to lead them on but the fact that you're allowing them is a degree of power is a degree of control right so it's very hard to figure out and sex and power and romantic relationships are very much intertwined in US physically emotionally neurologically you can't avoid it right and so I think it's kind of dishonest to say that that none of that exists that it's like that there's some egalitarian Paradise out of there when it it's really not wired in us for that kind of relationship there's a recent scientific publication SL factoid that I want to share with you in this context because I'd like your thoughts on it uh David Anderson who's a phenomenal neurobiologist he's been a guest on this podcast before he's a professor at
主动追求的那一方,其实是在邀请对方来追,其实是在引导对方,所以这里面有很多表象上的博弈,你永远搞不清楚到底是谁在掌控这段关系的走向,因为其中一个人是在允许另一个人来引导自己,但你「允许」这件事本身就是一种权力,就是一种掌控,对吧?所以这非常难看清。性、权力和亲密关系在我们身上是深度交织在一起的——生理上、情感上、神经层面上,你都无法回避,对吧?所以我觉得,如果说这些统统不存在,说什么外面存在某种完全平等的乌托邦,那其实是不诚实的,因为我们天生就不是为那种关系而设定的。最近有一篇科研论文,或者说一个科学小知识,我想在这个语境下跟你分享一下,因为我想听听你的看法。呃,David Anderson,他是一位非常出色的神经生物学家,之前也上过这个播客,他是加州理工学院的教授,主要研究,嗯,基本上就是下丘脑的功能,好,比如说,呃,攻击行为、交配行为,以及
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1:11:32
Caltech studies um basically the functions of the hypothalamus so okay things like uh aggression mating and and things of that sort um and does it so it in with great detail he's a virtuoso of the hypothalamus and he published a paper two years ago showing that indeed there are neural circuits in the brain of animals and presum presumably in humans as well that control sexual mounting Behavior but that there is actually a separate circuit for purely nonsexual mounting and physical power over that's expressed in animals and anyone that's ever owned a dog and gone to the dog park we'll see same-sex mounting between dogs or mounting between dogs that has apparently um no sexual end point yeah and in exploring this literature and some talking to dve about it it's very clear that there are neural circuits um that have everything to do with essentially one animal of a species getting on top of the other animal usually from behind often times scruffing or biting the back of the neck and saying I control you it's a it's
诸如此类的事情,嗯,而且研究得非常细致,他可以说是下丘脑领域的大师。他在两年前发表了一篇论文,证明在动物的大脑中,很可能在人类大脑中也一样,确实存在控制性爬跨行为的神经回路,但同时还存在一条完全独立的回路,专门负责纯粹非性的爬跨以及身体上的压制支配,这种行为在动物身上会表现出来。任何养过狗、去过狗公园的人都见过同性之间的狗与狗之间的爬跨,或者说那种显然没有性目的的爬跨行为,是的,在探究这方面的文献、也和 Dave 聊过之后,可以很明确地看出,确实存在一些神经回路,它们本质上就跟同一物种中一只动物骑到另一只身上有关,通常是从后面,往往还会叼住或咬住对方的后颈,表达'我控制着你'。这在动物之间常常是在玩闹的情境下发生的,尤其是动物之间,但也不总是这样
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1:12:40
often done in a playful context especially between animals not always aggressive but there's a certain element of aggressive to it but it essentially says I decide whether or not you are mobile or not for this moment and that it and this is very important I want to emphasize this this is a circuit that is entirely separate from all of the reflexes associated with sexual behavior in males and females I find this to be fascinating um and because we hear about power over right and we hear about power and we think about physical power over but the idea that something as primitive as mounting just like something as primitive as biting or as striking has its own unique set of circuits in the brain I think substantiates every everything that you put in uh in your books about power and maybe even seduction as well so as I just kind of toss that out there for consideration I I I wonder um if you have any Reflections on it if not um feel free to just say I don't but of course but to me this was a really important Discovery
咄咄逼人,不过确实带有某种攻击性的成分,但它本质上是在说:此时此刻,你能不能动,由我说了算而且这一点非常重要,我想强调一下,这是一套完全独立的神经回路,跟男性和女性性行为相关的所有反射都是分开的,我觉得这一点特别有意思嗯,因为我们常听到『对他人的支配权』,我们听到『权力』时,想到的是身体上的压制但『骑跨』这种原始行为——就像啃咬或击打一样原始——在大脑里有它自己独特的一套神经回路,我觉得这一点印证了你在书里写的关于权力、甚至可能还有诱惑的所有内容。所以我就先把这个抛出来供你参考,我想问问你对此有没有什么想法,如果没有的话,尽管说没有就行。但对我来说这是一个非常重要的发现,因为我觉得大家一看到
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1:13:41
because I think everyone looks at mounting behavior and says oh that has to be sexual and sometimes it's oh I see what you mean but but it's not that there's a there seem to be a host of neural circuits in the brain that are are really about finding who's on top literally that has nothing to do with sex yeah I'm sure that's true I've never I've never I've never um read anything about that but I can say that um I wrote a chapter in in my new book about love and that's a different thing than than seduction and I was trying to come up with an idea of love that does have an element of equality that doesn't have this power Dynamic going on in it of that and um you know kind of like the antithesis of my Art of Seduction where I'm almost contradicting myself and I was going into the into the biology of it and even into the physics of it so there is a famous uh French biologist whose Name Escapes me I'm sorry I can't remember from the 20s and 30s um and he was studying parium and he found he was studying them
骑跨行为就会说,哦,那肯定跟性有关。有时候是——哦,我明白你的意思了——但并不是那样,大脑里似乎存在一整套神经回路,真正关乎的是谁在上位,字面意义上的上位,跟性毫无关系。是啊,我相信确实如此,我从来没有、从来没有、从来没有读到过关于那个我不太好说,但我可以说的是,嗯,我在我的新书里写了一章关于爱的内容,而那和诱惑是不一样的东西,诱惑,我当时想提出一种爱的观念,一种确实包含平等元素的、不带有这种权力动态在其中的爱,嗯,你知道的,有点像是我《诱惑的艺术》的对立面,我几乎是在自我矛盾,我深入探讨了它的生物学层面,甚至是物理学层面,所以有一位著名的法国生物学家,他的名字我一时想不起来了,很抱歉,是二三十年代的人,嗯,他当时在研究草履虫,他发现——他研究它们的时候,你知道,它们生活在这些池塘之类的地方——他说存在这样一些时刻,
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1:14:51
you know they there in these ponds Etc and he said that there was these moments where these single celled organisms were suddenly coupling they were all joining together just one to one and they were absorbing the membrane of one inside the other and then they would like go then once one couple did that all the parami started joining up together then they would sink to the bottom of the pond and parium don't reproduce through sex they reproduce through dividing themselves right self- reproduction and so he was saying that the desire to couple to to to connect to someone so deeply where you absorb one is absorbed in the other is biologically wired into US goes back millions and millions and millions of years and it's a desire essentially a biological desire for love right and it's an energy that permeates all all the it's it's not just about power and hierarchies and that he was showing other creatures that had something similar going on and you know in physics we talk about entanglement and we also talk about um
这些单细胞生物突然开始配对,它们全都两两结合在一起,把一方的细胞膜吸收进另一方体内,然后它们就会——一旦有一对这样做了,所有的草履虫就都开始配对结合,然后它们会沉到池塘底部,而草履虫并不通过有性方式繁殖,它们是通过分裂自身来繁殖的,对吧,自我复制,所以他说的是,那种想要结合、想要如此深刻地与某人相连、以至于你吸收对方、或被对方吸收的欲望,是生物学意义上刻在我们身体里的,可以追溯到千百万年以前,而且这本质上是一种欲望,一种对爱的生物性渴望,对吧,它是一种能量,渗透在万事万物之中,它不仅仅关乎权力和等级,他还展示了其他一些生物身上也有类似的现象,而且你知道,在物理学里我们谈论量子纠缠,我们也谈到,嗯,物质——如果物质没有被大量动能所阻挡,
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1:16:06
you know matter if matter isn't absor isn't um opposed by a lot of ktic energy it joins together I mean particles join together to form matter etc etc so there's something in the universe that's trying to connect things to each other so there's this this kind of energy that exists in the world where we have have a deep need to connect to somebody with outside of those power dynamics right where there's a degree of equality where we're drawn to each other and we let go of the ego games we let go of the playing we kind of surmount our own physiology our own hypothalamus and we engage in this I call it love Sublime and it involves the physical part the sexual part is the trigger for it because when you have sex with someone your body is suddenly permeable to their energy in a way that you cannot control it releases all kinds of of chemicals in the brain that are very powerful and often times that sense is too powerful and you react and and you're afraid of it and you pull back but if you don't react and you go
它就会结合在一起,我的意思是粒子会结合形成物质等等等等,所以宇宙中存在着某种东西,它是试图把事物彼此连接起来,所以这个世界上存在着这样一种能量,我们内心深处有一种深切的需求,想要和某个人建立连接,而且是在那些权力动态之外的连接,对吧,那是一种存在某种程度平等的连接,我们彼此吸引我们放下自我的游戏,放下那些算计,我们某种程度上超越了自己的生理机能、自己的下丘脑,然后我们投入到这种东西里,我把它叫做「崇高之爱」,它包含身体的部分,性的部分是它的触发点,因为当你和某个人发生性关系时,你的身体会突然以一种你无法控制的方式对对方的能量变得可渗透,它会释放出各种在大脑里非常强效的化学物质,很多时候那种感觉太强烈了,于是你产生反应,你害怕它,你退缩了,但如果你不做出这种反应,而是继续往前走,那么心智也会对另一个人变得可渗透,对他们的
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1:17:15
further then the mind also becomes permeable to the other person and their energy and their desire and so then it kind of creates a SP spiring effect where the physical and the mental connection reaches the state that I call love Sublime now it's an ideal it doesn't really exists that much out there in the world today but there are stories in history that illustrate it and I believe that is a biological necessity for us to feel a deep deep sense of connection we normally ascribe that to religion to God Etc but I maintain the essence of love the model for for love is between to human beings straight or homosexual doesn't matter and that feeling of surmounting our own neurology our own system and and entering this zone is deeply deeply satisfying we all want it and it has to involve letting go of the power dynamics letting and everything being equal it's not that the other person is exactly like you you recognize their difference but but as far as being worthy of attention being worthy and
能量、他们的欲望变得可渗透,于是就形成了一种螺旋上升的效应,身体上和精神上的连接达到一种状态,我称之为「崇高之爱」,这是一种理想状态,在今天的现实世界里其实并不多见,但历史上有一些故事能够说明它而且我相信,对我们来说,感受到一种极其深刻的连接感是一种生物学上的必需,我们通常会把这种感觉归结为宗教、归结为上帝等等,但我坚持认为,爱的本质,爱的范本,是存在于两个人之间的异性恋也好,同性恋也好,都无所谓,那种超越我们自身神经系统、超越我们自身机制、进入这个境地的感受,是极其极其令人满足的,我们都想要它,而它必须包含放下权力动态,放下一切,让一切变得平等,这并不是说对方和你一模一样,你会承认他们的不同,但就「值得被关注」这一点而言就「值得被尊重」这一点而言,你把其他所有东西都排除在外,所以确实存在一个境地,一个在我们所说的这种权力
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1:18:26
respected you leave all that other stuff outside so there is a Zone that's possible that's outside this power dyamic that we're talking about I'm excited that you're writing about this uh so this is for your next book yeah I'm very excited I couldn't help but think of some of the parallels between what you describe and what we're observing nowadays in the landscape of politics and social dynamics where clearly um there is no setting aside of egos people feel both sides feel attacked everyone in between feels confused like why do I have to pick a side um and there seems to be no hint of a future where people are setting down their swords it which means if we were to go with your earlier definition which I like a lot that um nobody feels safe enough to be vulnerable enough to um to allow the union of of people to occur which is just a way a way of rewarding you know a bunch of other things um and not nearly as eloquently as as you described it but if setting aside of power dynamics and making oneself vulnerable is is the key
动态之外的境地。我很兴奋你正在写这方面的内容,这是要写进你的下一本书吗?是的我非常期待。我忍不住想到,你描述的这些和我们今天在政治与社会动态的图景中所观察到的,有某些相似之处很明显,那里没有人放下自我,双方都觉得自己被攻击,夹在中间的人都觉得困惑,比如「我为什么非得选边站?」而且似乎看不到任何未来的迹象,看不到人们放下手中的刀剑,这就意味着,如果我们沿用你刚才那个我非常喜欢的定义,那就是没有人感到足够安全,能够足够脆弱地去,去让人与人之间的结合发生,这其实只是一种回报你的方式,还有一大堆其他的东西,而且远不如你描述得那么有文采,但如果说放下权力动态、让自己变得脆弱,是获得爱的钥匙,在浪漫关系的语境里当然如此,但在社会的语境里也是这样,那么我想问,有什么
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1:19:36
to accessing love in the Romantic context surely but also in the um societal context I mean what are the channels for that I mean I suppose there is the argument not mine that everyone should just take a boatload of psychedelics and see the interconnectedness of things but that seems like an unrealistic route I I just don't see that being you know um you know 12th grade graduation um curriculum um nor do I think it would be healthy I to be clear I think that you we'd end up with a lot of expression of of problems there um but short of a magic substance that could increase feelings of uh connectedness among everyone simultaneously um how are you going to save Humanity Robert well um CU I'm I'm concerned about young people in particular with hookup culture with pornography Etc Etc it's kind of rewiring the human brain and we're losing what I was just describing and I see a particularly a lot of young people and I don't blame them because they've grown up in a world that's very chaotic and very hostile could could I say I
途径可以做到这一点呢?我是说,我猜有这样一种论调,不是我的论调,就是所有人都应该嗑一大堆迷幻药,然后看到万物之间的相互连接,但那似乎是一条不现实的路径,我就是看不出那能成为,你知道的,嗯,你知道的,高三毕业的,嗯,必修课程,嗯,我也不认为那会是健康的,我先说清楚,我觉得我们最后会看到大量问题的爆发,嗯,但是除了某种能够同时提升所有人之间连接感的神奇物质之外,嗯,你打算怎么拯救人类呢,Robert?嗯,因为我特别担心年轻人,尤其是在约炮文化、色情内容等等的影响下,这正在重新连接人类的大脑,我们正在失去我刚才所描述的那种东西,而我看到特别多的年轻人,我并不怪他们,因为他们是在一个非常混乱的世界里长大的而且非常有敌意——我能不能说,我觉得……嗯,不是想在这里挑刺,但我特别喜欢你刚才说的话,我
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1:20:39
think it's um and not to be nitpicky here but I I love what you just said I think in my mind it's hi things like that are hijacking the hardwiring of the brain okay um and I'm just again forgive me my the audience is probably going can't really rewire brain like that well I think we can expand and rewire Upon Our hard wirring but so much of what you you talk about in your books is about finding one's Essence but then also what I love about your book so much among many other things is that it's about that dance between the hard wirring and and the possible of through effort so anyway forgive me for for being it's very accurate um so yeah what how do you get us out of this well you're putting a big burden on me I am but I think you're up to it you know um well I try to do it in this chapter because I wanted to seduce the reader into the idea that this is something extremely pleasurable and extremely healthy and the feeling of being vulnerable is a very positive attribute that will infect not just your
觉得在我看来,像那样的东西是在劫持大脑的固有线路,对吧。嗯,还是要请你原谅我,观众可能会想:大脑哪能这样重新布线啊。嗯,我觉得我们可以在自己固有的线路之上去拓展、去重塑,但你在书里谈的很多内容,都是关于找到一个人的本质;而且还有一点,我特别喜欢你这本书的地方——在它众多优点之中——就是它讲的是固有线路与通过努力所能达成的可能性之间的那支舞。总之,原谅我这么……这说得很准确。嗯,那么你要怎么把我们从这种状态里解救出来呢?你这可是给我压了个重担啊。确实,但我觉得你担得起。嗯,我在这一章里就试着这么做,因为我想把读者诱导进这样一个想法:这是一件极其愉悦的事,也极其健康;而脆弱的感觉是一种非常正面的特质,它不仅会渗透进你的
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1:21:41
romantic relationships but will infect you mentally so creative people are extremely vulnerable they're extremely vulnerable to ideas they're extremely vulnerable to the environment and closing yourself off into your own ego into yourself so the chapter is called Escape the Prison of the ego and you're you're kind of trapped inside of yourself and your own thoughts and your own desires and it's like a prison it's enclosing you and you want to escape somehow and you escape through drugs you escape through porn but it doesn't lead to actually escaping you want to be able to let go of the self and get out of this this prison that you're in right and so it's a desire that that we all have and so I wanted to frame it as this incredibly positive Dynamic that you can engage in and the ability to be vulnerable to other people to open yourself up and to say that yeah they might hurt me but I'm strong enough to take it and if they hurt me I'll learn from it and I'll rebound and I know that's a bit naive on my part but I want
恋爱关系,还会渗透进你的心理。有创造力的人都极其脆弱,他们极其容易被想法打动,极其容易受环境触动。而把自己封闭在自我里、封闭在自己内部——所以这一章叫做《逃出自我的牢笼》。你就像被困在自己里面,困在自己的念头和自己的欲望里,那就像一座监狱,把你围住,你就想方设法要逃出去,于是你靠毒品逃,靠色情片逃,但那并不能真的逃脱。你真正想要的,是能够放下自我,走出你身处的这座监狱,对吧。所以这是我们所有人都有的渴望,因此我想把它塑造成一种你可以投入其中的、无比正面的动力;以及向他人袒露脆弱、敞开自己的能力,并且说:是啊,他们可能会伤害我,但我足够坚强,承受得住;如果他们伤害了我,我会从中学习,我会重新振作起来。我知道这么说我这边是有点天真,但我至少希望你能有那种感觉,因为很多年轻人写信给我,
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1:22:47
you to at least have that feeling because a lot of young people write to me and they say I I can't fall in love anymore I can't don't like that feeling I it makes the loss of control is too much you know and and a lot of that their behavior patterns are in creating this sense of control which you can have when you're locked inside of yourself uh hence over indulgence in pornography yeah and masturbation Etc as a way to avoid the you know the understandable fear about inter relational Dynamics yeah yeah so you know when you're young you're you're idealistic at least a lot of young people are and you have these dreams and these hopes and to let go of this possibility which is deeply pleasurable and deeply therapeutic to the human animal as a social animal it's like the highest form of interaction that we can have so my strategy in that chapter was to paint such a wonderful portrayal of the pleasures that are awaiting You by letting go of your defenses of letting go of all of your natural or resistance
他们说:我再也没法坠入爱河了,我不喜欢那种感觉,那种失去控制的感觉太强烈了,你知道吧。而他们的很多行为模式,都是在制造这种掌控感——当你把自己锁在里面时,你就能获得这种掌控感。于是就有了对色情内容的过度沉迷,是的,还有自慰等等,用来回避那种,你知道的,对人际互动中那种可以理解的恐惧。是的,是的。你知道,人年轻的时候是理想主义的,至少很多年轻人是这样,你有那些梦想和希望;而放弃这种可能性——它是极其愉悦的,对作为社会性动物的人类来说也是极具疗愈性的,它几乎是我们所能拥有的最高形式的互动。所以我在那一章里的策略,就是把等待着你的那些愉悦描绘得极其美好——只要你放下防御,放下自己所有天生的抵抗因素,向他人敞开自己。
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1:23:55
factors and opening yourself up to other people is is a key to not just a romantic relationship but to Career Success to mental energy to creativity to being open in general right and so I don't think I could have a a wide you know a huge impact but we'll see when the when the book comes out but I'm advocating that sense of opening yourself up to the universe to the Cosmos itself as an energy that permeates the world and so that you don't want to the feeling of being closed inside of your ego inside of your yourself I want to make it so you feel the pain of that because you don't really feel the pain of it you feel like it's comfortable for you but I want to make it clear to you that it's not comfortable it's deeply deeply painful and it's disconnecting you from some of the best experiences you can have in life so I have that strategy the only other hope I have is in the human Spirit itself so a lot of this is being caused by social media I believe right um and uh and the instant and the the kind of
这不只是浪漫关系的关键,也是事业成功、心理能量、创造力以及整体保持开放的关键,对吧。我不觉得自己能有多广、你知道的、多巨大的影响力,不过等书出来再看吧。但我是在倡导那种向宇宙、向整个寰宇敞开自己的感觉,把它当作一种弥漫于世界之中的能量,这样你就不会想要那种被封闭在自我里、被封闭在自己内部的感觉。我想让你真切感受到那种痛苦,因为你其实并没有真的感觉到它的痛,你觉得那对你来说挺舒服;但我想让你明白,那并不舒服,那是深深的、深深的痛苦,它正把你和人生中一些最美好的体验隔断开来。这就是我的策略。我唯一的另一个希望,寄托在人类精神本身。我相信这一切很大程度上是社交媒体造成的,对吧,嗯,还有那种即时的、那种
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1:25:10
immediate gratification we can get in so many ways and my hope is that young people get fed up and get dis disgusted with all this disconnection and alienation in their life and that they hunger from actually something more communal more interactive more real as opposed to Virtual and so that the human Spirit can't be completely squashed by technology Etc so I have that hope because we've gone through these Cycles before in history where people have become very invulnerable and very locked and closed and suddenly there's an explosion a creative explosion like in the 1960s like in the 1920s like in 18th century Europe with the Casanova and the where seduction reached its kind of apigy Etc so it has kind of swung back and forth between these moments where humans get incredibly closed and bitter and partisan and everything's conflict and everyone's divisive Etc and suddenly goes in the opposite direction I I have hope in that possibility and I structured my chapter to perhaps sweep that a little bit along
我们能通过各种方式获得的即时满足。我希望年轻人会受够、会厌恶生活中这一切的断裂与疏离,转而渴望某种更有共同体感、更有互动、更真实的东西,而不是虚拟的东西;这样人类精神就不会被技术之类的东西彻底碾碎。我抱着这样的希望,因为历史上我们经历过这样的循环:人们变得极度刀枪不入、极度封闭紧锁,然后突然就爆发了,一场创造力的大爆发,比如1960年代,比如1920年代,比如18世纪的欧洲——卡萨诺瓦的时代,诱惑之术达到某种巅峰的时代,等等。所以它一直在来回摆动:有些时刻人类变得极度封闭、怨恨、党同伐异,一切都是冲突,人人都在制造分裂等等,然后突然又转向相反的方向。我对这种可能性抱有希望,我这样构思这一章,也许能稍微顺着那股势头推它一把,看看我能不能起点作用。嗯,我觉得你刚才
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1:26:21
that tie and see if I can have any effect well I I think what you just described in conversations like it and that stem from it are likely to have a tremendous effect I think it's exactly what's needed now and um certainly I'll be uh to amplify that message I I agree with everything you said and not just because you're sitting here as a guest uh on this podcast but because um it's clear to me that while power dynamics and seduction are um wired into our human relations since the beginning of time that we have reached a a a very challenging period in our history um it's somewhat of a relief to me to know that it's happened before but in a very different context uh we hear a lot about The Swinging back and forth of the pendulum uh someone in fact uh Peter AA online Physician's brother actually said I um so we'll credit him he said no it's not a it's not a pendulum that swings back and forth unfortunately now it's become a wrecking ball so it's swinging back and forth and doing damage as it as
描述的这些,以及像这样、由此延伸出来的对话,很可能会产生巨大的影响。我觉得这正是当下所需要的。嗯,我当然会努力放大这个信息。你说的每一点我都同意,不只是因为你此刻作为嘉宾坐在这个播客里,而是因为,嗯,对我来说很清楚:虽然权力动力学和诱惑自古以来就写进了我们的人际关系之中,但我们如今已经走到了一个非常艰难的历史时期。嗯,知道这种情况以前也发生过,对我来说多少是种宽慰,只不过当时的语境很不一样。我们常听说钟摆的来回摆动。其实有个人——彼得·阿提亚(Peter Attia),那位网上的医生,其实是他兄弟说的,嗯,那我们就把功劳记给他——他说,不,这已经不是一个来回摆动的钟摆了,很不幸,现在它变成了一个拆楼铁球,所以它一边来回摆动一边造成破坏,当它
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1:27:20
it reaches its um you know its extremes and I think that um I also look forward to a time where people um acknowledge that the injustices around them and and that have been done to them and others and um but somehow are able to transcend that and the word that I'd like to pick up on there is the word justice um it was pointed out to me uh by someone I respect very much that you know having a sense of justice is a is a wonderful and important thing and as humans it's important to how we structure Society but I do think that a lot of the negative things that we see out there nowadays are have something to do with the availability of uh ready availability of pornography high density calorie food Etc a bunch of things like that but that one of the issues with social media because it does have its positive aspects but one of the negative issues in my mind is that it's a steady flow of um examples of Injustice so all day long you're just seeing things like that that piss you off and that piss
摆到,嗯,你知道的,它的极端位置时。我还期待有一天,人们能够承认周围的那些不公,承认施加在他们自己和别人身上的不公,嗯,但同时又能以某种方式超越它。我想接着往下说的那个词,就是「正义」这个词。嗯,一位我非常尊敬的人曾对我指出,你知道,拥有正义感是一件很美好、很重要的事,作为人类,它对我们如何组织社会也很重要。但我确实认为,我们如今看到的很多负面现象,多少跟色情内容、高热量密度食物等等东西的唾手可得有关,还有一堆类似的东西。不过社交媒体的问题之一——它确实也有正面的一面——但在我看来,它的负面问题之一,是它源源不断地推送不公的例子,所以你一整天看到的都是那类让你火大的事,也让别人火大的事,只是各自的理由不同。但有人对我指出的是,
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1:28:19
other people off and for different reasons but but what was pointed out to me is that one of the key things about a sense of Injustice is to be able to determine whether or not there's anything that you should do about it and I think that everyone now feels a bit hijacked by all the injustices we see because we feel like well we're supposed to do something about it but it may be that while we can't let every Injustice pass that being bombarded all day long with things that upset us is hijacking our creativity it's distracting us from our deeper purpose it's preventing a sense of vulnerability that would lead to a sense of deep love and and on so I don't think it's just about the The Lure the tantalizing lures of of sex food and um and looking at you know bodies and hearing voices on social media I think there is some validity to that but that it's also that you know there's just ample opportunity to go down the gravitational pole forces of Injustice like H that's so frustrating why are they doing that I mean I catch
关于正义感,一个关键点在于:你要能判断,对这件事你究竟有没有什么该做的;我觉得现在每个人都感到多少被我们看到的这些不公给劫持了,因为我们觉得,嗯,我们应该为此做点什么。但也许,虽然我们不能对每一桩不公都视而不见,可整天被那些让我们不安的事轰炸,正在劫持我们的创造力,让我们偏离更深层的使命,阻碍了那种脆弱感——而那种脆弱感本可以通向深刻的爱,等等。所以我不认为这只是关于那种诱惑、那些撩人的诱饵:性、食物,嗯,还有在社交媒体上看身体、听声音。我觉得那种说法有一定道理,但同时也在于,你知道,有太多机会让你滑进不公所形成的引力深井:「啊,这太让人窝火了,他们怎么能这么干?」我是说,我发现自己也在这么做,跟同事说话时,
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1:29:17
myself doing that talking to co-workers when I walk in about did you see this thing this is crazy what's going on with the their crazy when you know as opposed to thinking about anything else in that moment and I try and yank myself out of that but I I think that um you're not going to do it alone but I think you will play a major role in saving us from this because people I do I think because people just need to see themselves through a different lens and realize this is distracting me from who I'm supposed to be well a lot of what what modern life should involve is the ability to ignore certain things so for instance I don't know if you know that app next door oh right I used to have it but then I'd see all the the packages being stolen off my neighbor's porches in Oakland and then I started enjoying living in Oakland less and I love the city of Oakland it's got its problems it definely has its problems but as an East Bay kid you know and went to school out there and you know like I have deep love
一进门就说:你看到这事了吗?这太离谱了,他们那边到底怎么回事,简直疯了——而不是在那个当下去想点别的什么。我会努力把自己从那种状态里拽出来。但我觉得,嗯,你不会是一个人在做这件事,但我觉得你会在把我们从这种境况中拯救出来这件事上扮演重要角色,因为人们,我真的这么觉得,因为人们就是需要换一个视角看自己,意识到:这件事正在让我偏离我本该成为的那个人。嗯,现代生活里很多本该具备的能力,其实就是忽略某些东西的能力。比如说,我不知道你知不知道那个叫 Nextdoor 的应用。哦对,我以前装过,但后来我总看到奥克兰邻居家门廊上的包裹被偷走,然后我就开始没那么享受住在奥克兰了。我很爱奥克兰这座城市,它有它的问题,它确实有问题,但作为一个在东湾长大的孩子,你知道,我在那边上学,我对东湾
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1:30:12
for the East Bay and it it's always had those problems but when you see stuff being stolen on your phone in the middle of the night when you wake up it creates a sense that like they're out to get my stuff right terrible right and so uh I have it in my spam filter but I look at it and and every headline is people stealing somebody broke into somebody's house this P dog bit me this's this rapid dog going around there's this homeless person that's yelling and attacking people on and on and on I feel like I'm living in this neighborhood it's like Beirut or something in the 1980s I can't even walk out my door I just got I don't look at next door anymore I just ignore it I don't open it ever because because I know that that they're designed algorithmically to put that in front of you every single time so that you click on it because that's we respond to that kind of stuff naturally we can't help it so you have to be able to shut that stuff up and look at what you can actually control in your life so I have this visceral
有很深的感情。它一直都有那些问题,但当你半夜醒来、在手机上看到东西被偷,那会营造出一种感觉:他们就是冲着我的东西来的,对吧。很糟糕,对吧。所以,嗯,我把它丢进了垃圾邮件过滤器,但我还是会看,而每一条标题都是:有人偷东西、有人闯进了别人家里、这条狗咬了我、有条疯狗在附近转、有个无家可归的人在大喊大叫还袭击路人,一条接一条。我感觉自己好像住在一个像1980年代贝鲁特那样的社区,我连门都不敢出。我后来就不看 Nextdoor 了,我直接无视它,我再也不打开,因为我知道它们在算法上就是被设计成每一次都把那种内容推到你眼前,好让你去点,因为那正是我们天生就会对那类东西有反应,忍都忍不住。所以你必须能把那些东西关掉,去看你在生活中真正能掌控的东西。比如我对乌克兰正在发生的事有一种发自本能的厌恶,因为我最近去过乌克兰,我
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1:31:14
dislike of what's going on in Ukraine because I was in Ukraine recently and I feel I've identified very strongly with their struggle right and and it just I can't that outrage feeling it just every time I read an article about it it just drives me crazy so the only thing is I stop reading as much as I can I read things that are kind of rational and intelligent and I send them money and I you know I donate as much as I can and I help them practically but I don't allow myself to get that kind of outraged feeling all of the time so somebody has to write a book somebody has to instruct Us in what to ignore and what to act pay attention to so there are things that you can control injustices that are out there that you could control by voting by certain by amassing a movement by you know dealing with climate change not by trying to recycle every little thing in your house but actually doing something really much more macro in the world you know joining a cause there are things you can do and that's positive and that's a way of
觉得我非常强烈地认同他们的抗争,对吧。而那种愤怒的感觉,我实在受不了,每次我读到相关的文章,都让我抓狂。所以唯一的办法就是,我尽量少读,我只读那些比较理性、比较有见地的东西;我给他们捐钱,你知道,我尽我所能地捐款,我在实际层面上帮助他们,但我不允许自己一直处在那种愤怒的状态里。所以得有人写一本书,得有人教我们该忽略什么、该关注和行动什么。有些事你是能掌控的,外面那些不公里,有些是你能通过投票、通过汇聚成一场运动去影响的;比如说应对气候变化,不是靠在家里把每一件小东西都回收,而是真的去做世界层面上更宏观的事,你知道,加入一项事业。有些事你是能做的,那是正面的,那也是把你心里那种黑暗能量导向
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1:32:21
channeling that kind of dark energy in you for a positive purpose but it's totally disruptive and it totally distracts you and weakens you and drains you of energy to fall into those rabbit holes and let them and let yourself fall into them so you have to learn the art of what to ignore and what not to pay attention to and understand that you're wired to see those kind of red alert buttons on Facebook or on next door wherever they are and it it's just it's it's negative it's like a candy rush you have to avoid it and it's taking us away from our purpose which we each have I mean I think to me that's the the most um delerious aspect unless unless your purpose is to organize and be an activist people ask me I wrote a lot about in my human nature book about the shadow side of human nature right and we all have it we all have a dark side we all have hidden aggression we all have feelings of Envy we all have feelings of grandiosity we all have aggressive impulses how do you deal with it and I say the way to deal is to channel
正面目的的一种方式。但掉进那些兔子洞、任由自己陷进去,是完全有破坏性的,它彻底分散你的注意力、削弱你、耗尽你的能量;所以你必须学会一门艺术:什么该忽略,什么不该去关注;并且要明白,你天生就会被 Facebook 上、Nextdoor 上那种红色警报式的按钮吸引,不管它们在哪儿;而这只是负面的,就像糖分带来的短暂亢奋,你必须避开它。它正在把我们从我们各自的使命上拉走。我觉得对我来说,这是最,嗯,让人痛心的一面——除非,除非你的使命本来就是去组织、去当一个行动者。人们问我——我在那本讲人性的书里写了很多关于人性阴影面的内容,对吧,我们每个人都有,我们都有阴暗面,我们都有隐藏的攻击性,我们都有嫉妒的情绪,我们都有自大的念头,我们都有攻击性的冲动。那该怎么处理?我说,处理的方式是把它导向某种正面的、
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07男女气质的迷茫与拼图式导师
1:33:26
it into something positive and pro-social and that could be putting it in your artwork venting that anger and that outrage and something that people kind of can identify with or it can be in organizing something that could be your purpose in life and actually doing something positive so that's the only way that you could actually use that energy for some kind of actual life's task or purpose you've been discussing lately a bit on some of your channels about masculine and feminine um let's say roles um and crisis of the masculine feminine dance as well as the crisis of masculinity per se crisis of femininity per se um do you care to expand on that a bit I think um we could probably take three four hours to explore all this in full um but I was struck by some of the things that you said um because I agree completely that um just as we are not given a road map When we arrive in the world as to how to find our purpose I think there's also a very conflicted road map that's thrown in front of us
亲社会的东西。那可以是把它放进你的艺术作品里,宣泄那种愤怒和义愤,做出别人能够产生共鸣的东西;也可以是去组织某件事,那可能就是你人生的使命,去真正做出一些正面的事。这是你唯一能把那股能量真正用在某种实实在在的人生任务或使命上的方式。你最近在你的一些频道上谈到了男性气质与女性气质,嗯,可以说是角色吧,嗯,以及男性与女性之间那支舞的危机,还有男性气质本身的危机、女性气质本身的危机。嗯,你愿意稍微展开讲讲吗?我觉得,嗯,要把这些完全展开大概得花三四个小时。嗯,但你说的一些话让我很触动,因为我完全同意:就像我们来到这个世界上时并没有被给一张如何找到人生使命的路线图一样,我觉得摆在我们面前的还有一张非常矛盾的路线图,而且确实是好几张彼此冲突的路线图,告诉我们「有男子气」
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1:34:35
and indeed conflicting multiple road maps about what it means to be masculine or feminine or some combination of both which of course everybody is some combination of both just to varying degrees well um yeah so men have a feminine side to them which if you try to repress will come out in other ways and women have a masculine side of them I think Yung described this very well with the anima and the animous which I think is is extremely real um it's very very confusing times for both men and for women right now we don't know the roles that there there're everything is just so fluid and it's very very difficult particularly if you're young so young women are getting this idea that everything should be equal and that women should have and of course it's right should have be paid the same and should have the same career opportunities there should be no Prejudice or harassment or anything but at the same time on social media it's all about looking perfect and looks are are incredibly important and if you're
或「有女人味」意味着什么,或者两者的某种混合——当然每个人都是两者的混合,只是程度不同罢了。嗯,是的,所以男人身上有女性的一面,如果你试图压抑它,它会以别的方式冒出来;女人身上也有男性的一面。我觉得荣格用「阿尼玛」和「阿尼姆斯」把这一点描述得非常好,我认为这是极其真实的。嗯,现在对男人和女人来说都是非常非常令人困惑的时代,我们不知道那些角色到底是什么,一切都太流动了,这非常非常艰难,尤其如果你还年轻的话。所以年轻女性接收到的观念是,一切都应该平等,女性应该——当然这是对的——应该同工同酬,应该有同样的职业机会,不应该有任何偏见、骚扰之类的东西。但与此同时,在社交媒体上,一切又都关乎外表要完美,长相极其重要,如果你不够辣,你就麻烦大了。很多年轻女孩对此极度
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1:35:40
not hot you're in terrible trouble and a lot of young girls are extremely confused by this they're getting mixed signals right and boys are even in perhaps even worse circumstance where being masculine is SE is something negative so we don't have any ideals out there anymore of what what constitutes a good positive form of femininity and a good positive form of masculinity in fact we even think that there shouldn't be anything like that there's no such thing as being masculine or feminine whatever it's very very confusing and so you know I I think of of of masculine traits that I think are very positive that should be out there to kind of counteract the sort of Andrew Tate seduction that a lot of young men are falling for and it's a kind of an inner strength where you're sort of in control of your emotions you're not invulnerable etc etc but um you can take criticism you can take PE you know you can have moments of failure and you'll bounce back but you have a kind of res inner resilience and a kind of inner
困惑,她们接收到的是互相矛盾的信号,对吧。而男孩的处境也许还更糟,因为「有男子气」被看作是某种负面的东西,所以我们再也没有任何理想典范去说明,什么才构成一个好的、正面的女性气质,以及好的、正面的男性气质,事实上我们甚至认为不该有这种东西——根本不存在什么男性化或女性化之类的说法,这非常非常让人困惑,所以不该有这种东西——根本不存在什么男性化或女性化之类的说法,这非常非常让人困惑,所以你知道,我会想到一些我认为非常正面的男性特质,这些特质应该被展现出来,去抵消安德鲁·泰特(Andrew Tate)那种诱惑,很多年轻男性正在被它吸引。那是一种内在的力量,你能掌控自己的情绪,你并非刀枪不入等等,但是呃,你能接受批评,你能承受压力,你知道,你会有失败的时刻,但你能重新振作起来,你拥有一种内在的韧性,一种内在的
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1:36:52
strength a kind of a quiet calm that I think used to be exemplified in movie icons like a Gary Cooper type thing right and that kind of sense of inner calmness where you're not hysterical you're not getting upset about everything that happens where you have a kind of an inner strength and a confidence and you can withstand kind of what Ryan holiday talks about a lot about with stoicism you can withstand all of the hardships in life but you have that Citadel within you is a very very powerful form of masculinity as opposed to it's all about sleeping with a lot of women having really fast cars you know being abusive and being a bully etc etc these are signs of weakness of insecurity and to be masculine should be a sense of security and inner confidence and Inner Strength right and that's what we should venerate in our culture and we should have icons like that okay um it doesn't mean that that there's no role for men who are not masculine or have more of the feminine virtues that's also there's definitely a role for that and
力量,一种安静的沉稳——我觉得这种气质过去体现在像加里·库珀(Gary Cooper)那样的电影偶像身上,对吧。那种内在的平静感,你不会歇斯底里,不会为发生的每件事而心烦意乱,你拥有一种内在的力量和自信,你能承受——就像瑞安·霍利迪(Ryan Holiday)常谈到的斯多葛主义那样——你能承受人生中所有的艰难困苦,但你心中有那座堡垒,这是一种非常非常有力量的男性气质,而不是说:一切都在于跟很多女人上床、开超快的跑车,你知道,去施暴、去当个恶霸等等等等。这些都是软弱和不安全感的表现。真正的男性气质应该是一种安全感、内在的自信和内在的力量,对吧。这才是我们的文化应该推崇的东西,我们应该有这样的偶像。好的,呃,这并不意味着那些不那么男性化、或者更具女性特质的男人就没有位置,那也绝对是有位置的,你知道,我们在生活的各个领域都能看到很多这样的例子,然后还有
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1:38:00
you know we see a lot of that in all sorts of Arenas of life and then there should be a positive model for women you know where instead of their appearances being judged by their appearances and having to conform to the ideals of what's hot or not it's about being incredibly powerful and competent and and have expertise and being really successful in your career and and as opposed to being continually judged by your appearances which is very damaging so these are terrible times I mean I I feel fortunate that I grew up in a time where there were these kind of models for me to go by and I think of my father who who was a very quiet man and he was he was just a middle class salesman is basically what he was he just sold for all his whole life he sold chemical supplies for one company um but he was very dignified he treated people well he was very calm and very quiet but he also was very empathetic that was my role model for what I think is a good masculine energy and I think a lot of people just don't have that and they're
应该成为女性的正面榜样,也就是说,不再让她们因为外貌被评判,不必去迎合所谓'性感与否'的标准,而是关乎变得极其强大、有能力、拥有专业素养,并在事业上真正取得成功,而不是不断地被外貌所评判,这一点非常有害。所以现在是很糟糕的时代。我是说,我觉得自己很幸运,成长在一个有这类榜样的年代,有这些榜样让我去效仿。我想到我父亲,他是个非常安静的人,基本上就是个中产阶级的销售员,他一辈子都在做销售,一直在为一家公司销售化学用品。但他非常有尊严,待人很好,很沉稳、很安静,但同时也非常有同理心。那就是我心目中优秀男性气质的榜样。我觉得很多人根本没有这样的榜样,他们非常迷茫。所以我不知道
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1:39:14
very lost and so I don't know what the answer is that I can't really produce that out of thin air but I wish I could well certainly nowaday is there many more um let's say examples and options of masculine and feminine qualities out there for observation because of social media and because of the internet uh and as you pointed out before a key feature to becoming a functional human being especially nowadays is learning what to ignore I mean there's an interesting idea in the circles around a nutrition and health that you know never before in human history have human beings been able to access such a wide variety of foods that are differ from what their ancestors ate and I don't even mean ancient ancestors I mean if you grew up in the Bay Area as I did in the 1970s and 80s there were a few ethnic restaurants but we ate the same you know 15 or 20 Foods over and over again right and then eventually that exploded into dozens of options and more and fusion foods and all sorts of things and so
答案是什么,我没法凭空创造出这样的榜样,但我真希望我能。当然,如今确实有更多的,可以说,各种男性与女性特质的例子和选择可供观察,因为有社交媒体,因为有互联网。而正如你之前指出的,要成为一个正常运转的人,关键的一点尤其在当下,就是学会该忽略什么。在营养与健康的圈子里有一个很有意思的观点,就是在人类历史上,人类从来没有像现在这样能够接触到如此种类繁多、与祖先所吃的东西截然不同的食物。我说的甚至不是远古的祖先,我是说,如果你像我一样在1970、80年代的湾区长大,当时是有几家异国风味的餐厅,但我们翻来覆去就吃那15到20种食物,对吧。后来这一下就爆炸成了几十种选择,甚至更多,还有各种融合菜之类的东西,所以
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1:40:20
there is this idea in the nutrition communities that we are not hardwired to um think about and discern so many different food options that you know that's um and to taste so many distinct flavors whereas before people one portion of the planet or country ate generally one way in a given season if there's seasonality etc etc in a similar vein um we are now and children too are now um overwhelmed with a number of different options of how to express oneself both masculinity and femininity but generally speaking and so question is then how does one choose right how does one decide what's what's functional what works what's best what's me right everyone asking themselves who am I right I think all teenagers I find this fascinating ask themselves who am I adults don't tend to ask themselves that question but who am I I still ask myself question okay well that's good maybe I should ask myself that more often but um I think that we clearly have gone over a cliff with this stuff I don't think we're
营养学圈子里有这么一种说法:我们天生就不适合去思考和分辨这么多不同的食物选择,就是说,也不适合尝到这么多种截然不同的味道;而以前,地球上某个地区或某个国家的人在某个季节基本上就那么一种吃法,如果有季节性的话等等。同样的道理,我们现在——孩子们也一样——现在被各种各样表达自我的方式淹没了,不管是男性气质还是女性气质但大体上是这样。所以问题就是,一个人该怎么选?怎么判断什么是管用的、什么是有效的、什么是最好的、什么才是真正的我?每个人都在问自己我是谁。我觉得所有青少年——我觉得这点特别有意思——都会问自己我是谁;成年人一般不会问自己这个问题,但我是谁,我到现在还在问自己这个问题。好啊,这挺好的,也许我该更经常问问自己。不过我觉得我们在这件事上显然已经冲下悬崖了我不觉得我们还停留在只是朝着困惑的边缘偏过去的那个阶段
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1:41:21
still at the point where we're kind of veering towards the edge of of confusion I think young people are really confused because the moment one assumes uh one clear and let's say balanced Mas set of masculine feminine attributes or maybe ver is a bit more masculine or a bit more feminine it's like um there are a million examples telling you that that's wrong I know and then sometimes has the tendency to Anchor to well no no I'm right because this is this is who I am and then all of a sudden you're you're in a larger battle so uh you know Gary Cooper's great love his movies um but we're like we now have a million variations on Gary Cooper um that don't look anything like the Gary Cooper you and I are talking about and a lot of people won't even know who we're talking about but I they I'm a dinosaur but perhaps it illustrates the point no i' not that you're a dinosaur but that um there is no single or even um set of masculine or feminine ideals so picking Role Models is something that I really truly
我觉得年轻人是真的很困惑。因为一旦你认定了一套清晰的、比方说比较平衡的男性和女性特质的组合,或者说偏男性化一点、偏女性化一点,马上就会有一百万个例子跳出来告诉你那是错的。我懂。然后人有时候就会倾向于死守着:不不,我是对的,因为这就是我。然后突然之间你就卷进了一场更大的战争。所以你知道,加里·库珀很棒,我很喜欢他的电影,但我们现在有一百万个加里·库珀的变体,跟你我说的那个加里·库珀完全不像,而且很多人甚至都不知道我们在说谁。我是个老古董,但也许这正好说明了问题。不,不是说你是老古董,而是说,根本不存在单一的、甚至一整套固定的男性或女性理想。所以挑选榜样这件事,是我从你那本《Mastery》里真正内化下来的东西。是啊
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1:42:21
internalize from your book mastery yeah you know there were a lot of lonely years for me and I won't get into the stories of just wondering like my what am I going to do you know I'm 13 my home was completely broken no semblance of the reality it was before you know who are the the males in my life I'm going to orient to and fortunately for me I assigned mentors to me whether or not they knew it or not that really helped me along and I changed them up as you recommend there wasn't one um I understood there was a breaking up process an integration process combining and threading together different things I think I truly believe that that's what's required then um it doesn't have to be 100% Gary Cooper it can be 10% Robert Green 10% someone else you know 5% this and creating a pie chart of sorts of you know who one wishes to be in a given context but that takes work it takes a bit of work and discernment but gosh that's powerful um and really credit goes to you because I you know you were a mentor of mine you
你知道,我有过很多孤独的年头,那些故事我就不细讲了,就是一直在想,我到底该怎么办。我那时13岁,我的家彻底破碎了,跟以前的样子完全不沾边。你知道,我生活里有哪些男性是我可以去参照的?我算幸运,我自己给自己指定了导师,不管他们知不知道,这真的���我走了过来。而且就像你建议的那样,我会换人,不是只有一个。我明白这中间有一个拆解的过程,一个整合的过程,把不同的东西组合起来、串到一起。我是真心相信那才是必须要做的。不一定非得是百分之百的加里·库珀,可以是10%的罗伯特·格林、10%的另一个人,你知道5%的这个,拼出一张饼图那样的东西,就是你在某个情境下希望成为的样子。但这是要下功夫的要花点功夫,也要有判断力,但天哪,那威力太大了。这真的得归功于你,因为你知道,你曾经是我的导师,你
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1:43:20
didn't even realize it in the way that you forge and organiz information and there were others and but Mastery is where I learned to do that and this is not a podcast it's a sales pitch for Mastery but gosh it really taught me okay I have a graduate adviser she was wonderful and Brilliant but she didn't know how to explain a lot of things to me so I'd find someone else for that right and someone else for the other thing and someone else for the other thing and together create a patchwork of of really excellent mentors that made a lot of sense to me yeah yeah so I I think there's a a role for that process that you spell out in Mastery in the larger context of like could have become as a person and that includes masculine and feminine ideals yeah and and it's an ongoing process throughout your life so who you glommed on to when you were 14 or 15 will change when you're 19 I had a series of people like you're talking about my high school English teacher who had an enormous impact on me who taught me basically how
自己都没意识到,就通过你梳理和组织信息的那种方式。还有别的人,但《Mastery》才是我学会这么做的地方。这期播客不是在给《Mastery》做推销,但天哪,它真的教会了我好吧,我有一个研究生导师,她非常好、非常聪明,但很多东西她不知道该怎么讲给我听,所以那部分我就去找别人,另一件事再找另一个人,再另一件事再找另一个人,这样拼凑出一张由非常出色的导师组成的拼图,这对我来说特别说得通。是啊是啊,所以我觉得你在《Mastery》里讲清楚的那个过程,放在一个人可以成为什么样的人这个更大的语境里是有用的,这里面也包括男性和女性的理想是啊,而且这是贯穿你一生的持续过程。所以你14、15岁时黏着的那个人,到你19岁的时候就会变。我有一连串这样的人,就像你说的,我高中的英语老师对我影响极大,基本上是他教会我怎么写作,我把他的声音内化了。我去伯克利之后,有一位教授
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1:44:17
to write I internalized his voice when I went to Berkeley I had a professor that who became my kind of surrogate father at Berkeley who I deeply admired for his level of scholarship so he became kind of an intellectual role model later in life when I finally wrote my first book I met a man y steers who was a book packager who understood the business Etc he kind of saved me he was sort of my mentor for the next phase in my life so on and on and on I found people but they have positive qualities qualities they admire they're not perfect everyone is flawed and so at some point maybe you see too many of the flaws you go on I need somebody new in my life but there's nothing wrong with that it's not like you're you're you're violating any codes or hurting them you move on to somebody else but the sense of finding people whose qualities you admire we don't learn from people just by following their ideas we pick up their energy their Spirit now you didn't necessarily pick up my energy or Spirit from Reading
在伯克利成了我某种意义上的代理父亲,我特别敬佩他的学术水准,所以他就成了一种智识上的榜样。后来我终于写出第一本书的时候,遇到一个人,叫Y·斯蒂尔斯,他是做图书策划的,懂这行的门道等等,他某种程度上救了我,他算是我人生下一个阶段的导师,就这样一个接一个,我一直在找到这样的人。但他们身上有值得欣赏的优点,他们并不完美,每个人都有缺陷。所以到某个时候,也许你看到的缺点太多了,你就会想,我生活里需要一个新的人。但这完全没什么不对,这并不是说你违反了什么准则或者伤害了他们,你只是转向另一个人。但关键在于找到那些你欣赏其品质的人。我们向别人学习,不只是通过接受他们的观点,我们还会吸收他们的能量、他们的精神。当然,你读《Mastery》未必吸收到了我的能量或精神,不过也许你有,我不
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1:45:22
Master although Maybe you did I don't know but when you're interacting with that professor at Stanford or whatever it's not just verbally there's kind of a non-verbal communication going on you're internalizing some of the positive qualities that you saw in them and finding these series of mentors because I call it surrogate parents you can't choose your father and mother but you can choose these ideals for you can choose these mentors in your life you can kind of rewrite your family history and find that Father Figure You Never Had by glomming onto this person but it has to be the right fit it has to be someone that you connect to emotionally and intellectually and that has the positive qualities you wish for yourself well I'll embarrass you perhaps by saying that um since I was a freshman in college which is really when I turned my academic life around and really my life around I've maintained the same notebook with a list of names of people that I admire and who I'm um you know trying to
知道。但当你跟斯坦福的那位教授之类的人互动时,那不只是语言层面的,还有一种非语言的交流在发生,你在内化你从他们身上看到的一些优秀品质。而找到这一系列导师,因为我把它叫做代理父母——你没法选择自己的父亲母亲,但你可以选择这些理想,你可以选择你生命中的这些导师。你某种程度上可以重写自己的家族史,通过黏上这个人,找到你从未拥有过的父亲形象。但必须要合适,必须是一个你在情感上和智识上都能连接的人,而且他身上有你希望自己拥有的那些优秀品质。那我可能要让你不好意思一下了,我想说的是,从我大一开始——那真的是我把自己的学业扭转过来的时候,其实也是把整个人生扭转过来的时候——我一直保留着同一个笔记本,上面列着我欣赏的人的名字,那些我想在某种程度上去效仿的人,当然不是方方面面都效仿。有些名字已经
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1:46:24
emulate in some way not in every way certainly and the certain names have been crossed off but um most of them have survived and and certainly after reading Mastery your name made that list and um and I hope I'm not being crossed off at some point no not at all not not at all and through Reading Mastery there were there were additional names um you know I had the great the great Misfortune of having all three of my academic advisors die suicide cancer cancer which sounds tragic the joke in my field is you don't want me to work for you that's what that's what everyone says but by being essentially scientifically orphaned because there's a strong Mentor mentee relationship in science and progression through the career uh track it forced me to go out and find other people and also to learn how to quote unquote mother and father myself in the context of profession and I got a lot of help but um I I can't emphasize enough how valuable that practice is and so when one looks out on the landscape of social media options I
被划掉了,但大部分都留了下来。而且读完《Mastery》之后,你的名字肯定进了那个名单我希望我哪天别被划掉。完全不会,一点都不会。而且通过读《Mastery》,名单上还多了一些名字。你知道,我特别特别不走运,我三位学术导师全都去世了,一个自杀,两个癌症听上去挺惨的,我们这行的玩笑是:你可不想让我给你干活。大家都是这么说的。但正因为我在学术上基本上成了孤儿——因为科学界的师生关系很紧密,整个职业发展路径也是靠这个——这就逼着我出去找别的人,也逼着我学会在职业这个语境里,怎么所谓地给自己当妈、给自己当爸。我得到了很多帮助,不过我怎么强调这种做法的价值都不为过所以当一个人放眼社交媒体上那些选项的时候,我是说,这些真的就只是一堆
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1:47:18
mean these are literally just options of people to you know we call it following but um you know it probably should be called something else uh because following you know it fall short of emulating or attempting to emulate but I think that in the context of masculine and feminine ideals this is so critical but it's like the buffet of food is so enormous now right I mean you've got every cuisine on the table so speak we're we're not wired for that no and I know personally I I get very agitated and upset if I go to the market and I have to choose between 30 items and I have no idea what I want it makes me really cranky and upset whereas if I know okay I can have this food I can't have that I'm only looking for this okay it's easy it doesn't take two hours and waste my time too much choice is very detrimental to the human being I think and that's why going back to what I originally said when you have that sense of purpose about your life about what's important it does just infect your career but it infects everything you do
人的选项,我们管这叫关注,但你知道,也许该叫点别的名字,因为关注其实远远达不到效仿、或者说试图效仿的程度。但我觉得在男性和女性理想这个语境里,这一点太关键了但这就好像,现在这个自助餐台实在太大了,对吧?可以说桌上摆着每一种菜系我们天生不是为这个设计的。是啊,我个人就知道,如果我去超市,得在30样东西里挑一样,而我完全不知道自己想要什么,我会变得非常焦躁、非常不爽,真的让我很暴躁;但如果我知道,好,这个能吃,那个不能吃,我只找这个,那就容易了,不用花两个小时浪费我的时间。我觉得选择太多对人是非常有害的。这就是为什么,回到我一开始说的,当你对自己的人生、对什么重要有那种使命感的时候,它不只会渗透进你的事业,它会渗透进你做的每一件事。比如,吃这个东西会消耗掉我的精力,而我需要那些精力去
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1:48:21
so you know eating this food is going to drain me of my energy that I need to create this thing that means so much to me and energy and feeling my my brain active and alive is incredibly important value all right I'm not going to eat all that Sugar because it's bad for me right it means I'm not going to get outraged by these things on the internet because it's a waste of time I can't do anything about it it's just feeding on my you know on my I forget the part of the brain that's that's like the amydala or whatever right so no I don't want to go there right and on and on and on all these things in social media some of it's good some of it's interesting I can follow Andrew huberman's podcast and I enjoy that and I learn a lot from it but a lot of these podcasts are useless they're they're not helping me in any way so it gives you this kind of filter and this radar to cut out those hundred different choices that drive us absolutely crazy and I know maybe I'm partially I maybe maybe I'm a little bit
创造那些对我意义重大的东西;能量、让我的大脑保持活跃和有生气,这对我是极其重要的价值。好,那我就不吃那么多糖了,因为那对我不好,对吧?这也意味着我不会去为网上那些事情义愤填膺,因为那是浪费时间,我对此无能为力,那只是在喂养我的那个我忘了叫什么的脑区,就是杏仁核之类的,对吧?所以不,我不想往那边走。诸如此类。社交媒体上的这些东西,有些是好的,有些是有意思的,我可以关注安德鲁·休伯曼的播客,我很享受,也从中学到很多,但很多播客是没用的它们对我没有任何帮助。所以这就给了你一种过滤器、一种雷达,能把那上百种让我们抓狂的选择筛掉。我知道,也许我有点……我也许有点,我不知道,我不太想这么说,也许
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1:49:23
I don't know I hate to say that maybe I'm partially on the Spectrum or something but I can't trans can't stand too many choices it completely drives me nuts so I always have to kind of funnel my energy into something to things that are productive and having a sense of your purpose whenever you discovered in your 20s hopefully gives you that ability to say these are the positive role models I want in my life these are the mentors and the thing about following people on social media is it's so easy it's just a click it doesn't mean anything a mentor relationship takes work it takes courage because you have to actually go up to somebody and physically ask for their help and a lot of people write to me say I'm afraid of asking this important powerful person to be their mentee right so it involves a sense of social courage where you have to literally engage with another human being who you admire and who you think is powerful so it's building your social skills Etc but it's a skill you develop
我有点在谱系上吧或者怎样,但我受不了太多选择,那会让我彻底发疯。所以我总得把精力集中导向某件事、导向那些有产出的事情。而拥有一种使命感——不管你是在二十几岁时发现的还是什么时候——会让你有能力说:这些是我人生中想要的正面榜样,这些是我的导师。而在社交媒体上关注一个人的问题在于,那太容易了,点一下而已,什么都不代表。而导师关系是要下功夫的,是要勇气的,因为你得真的走到一个人面前,实实在在地开口请他们帮忙。很多人写信给我说,我不敢去请这位重要的、有分量的人收我做学生。所以这里面涉及一种社交上的勇气,你得真的去跟另一个你敬佩的、你认为有分量的人打交道。所以这也是在锻炼你的社交能力等等,而这是一种可以培养出来的技能。你不能只是关注某个人,不能只是看他们的讲座,你必须
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1:50:24
you can't just follow someone you can't just watch their lectures you have to engage with them and you have to get over some of your fears and your anxieties in the process yeah and I might add to it uh I think everything you said is absolutely true and I think um engaging in the the various um tools that they recommend is immensely helpful like I think hear hearing about a book is great reading a book is even better um thinking about a book is even that you read is even better than that and and then uh writing down your own ideas and writing a book well that's that's the big win right and that's what the world I believe that's what the universe wants from us not necessarily to write a book but you know translate what I just said to any number of different Endeavors yeah you want to be able to think for yourself right so you're not just absorbing ideas from other people and kind of mimicking them and kind of just learning the exteriors of their ideas you want to kind of digest them and then have them slowly become your
跟他们互动,而且在这个过程中你得克服自己的一些恐惧和焦虑。是啊,我想补充一点,我觉得你说的每一句都完全正确。我还觉得,去实践他们推荐的那些具体方法,是极其有帮助的比如我觉得,听说一本书很好,读这本书更好,而去思考你读过的这本书又比那更好,然后把你自己的想法写下来、写成一本书,那才是真正的大赢,对吧?我相信这个世界,或者说宇宙,想要我们做的就是这个,不一定非要写书,不过你知道,我刚才说的那些可以套用到任何不同的事情上,是啊,你得能够独立思考,对吧,这样你就不是只是吸收别人的想法,去模仿他们,只学到他们那些想法的表层,你得把它们消化掉,然后通过与它们互动,让它们慢慢变成你自己的想法,通过
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1:51:24
own ideas by interacting with them by Crea then putting them through your own lens so someday it's it's a book stirring in me is the art of thinking and how to use that kind of process and go deeper into it and I talked a lot about it in one of my podcasts which might be the seed of a book but it's it's the the difference between dead thinking and Alive thinking ideas can be either alive or they can be dead and an alive idea is something that enters your brain from an external Source a philosopher an article somebody you admire somebody you hate and then you absorb it and you think about it and you decide I'm going to turn it around into this and I'm going to make it alive and it's going to make it something that's part of me another part of an alive idea is um you have an idea that comes to you about a book or a project or something about the world and you go maybe that's not actually true maybe the opposite is true and you go through a process and you cycle through it on and on and you
用你自己的视角去过滤它们。所以有一天——现在在我心里酝酿的一本书,就是关于思考的艺术,怎么运用这种过程,并且更深入地去挖掘它。我在我的一期播客里讲了很多这方面的内容,那可能就是一本书的种子。它讲的是死的思考和活的思考之间的区别。想法可以是活的,也可以是死的。一个活的想法,是从外部来源进入你大脑的东西——一个哲学家、一篇文章、你崇拜的某个人、你讨厌的某个人——然后你把它吸收进来,你思考它,你决定:我要把它转化成这样,我要让它活起来,让它变成我的一部分。活的想法的另一面是,你脑子里冒出一个关于一本书、一个项目,或者关于这个世界的想法,然后你会想,也许这其实不对,也许恰恰相反才是真的。于是你经历一个过程,你反复地琢磨它,你反思它,你打磨这个想法,也许它最后变成了它的反面,
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1:52:32
reflect on it and you refine this idea and maybe it turns into its opposite and through the process of reflecting and correcting and revising it you turn it into something living something alive within you right on and on and on and what prevents people from going through that process which would be the subject of my book is basically anxiety because I think how you handle anxiety is the most important kind of quality in life it'll determine whether you will be successful whether you will find your career path or whether you won't be able to I don't know if you can follow that idea at all but um anxiety is a signal to you that you don't understand something that that there's a problem out there that that you can't resolve and so what happens to most people if you're insecure is you glom onto something instant and easy to get rid of your feeling of anxiety I don't understand this problem oh it must be a must a must be the answer because this person said that right and so you don't develop the the ability to think you
而通过这种反思、修正、修改的过程,你把它变成了某种有生命的东西,某种在你内心活着的东西,就这样一遍又一遍。而阻止人们去经历这个过程的东西——这也正是我那本书的主题——基本上就是焦虑。因为我认为,你如何处理焦虑,是人生中最重要的一种品质,它会决定你是否会成功,你能否找到自己的职业道路,还是根本找不到。我不知道你能不能跟上我这个想法,但焦虑是一个信号,说明你有什么东西没搞懂,说明外面有一个你解决不了的问题。所以对大多数人来说,如果你内心不安全,你就会抓住某个立刻、轻松就能消除你焦虑感的东西——我搞不懂这个问题,噢,那答案一定就是这个,因为某某人是这么说的,对吧。于是你就发展不出思考的能力,你发展不出更上一层楼的
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1:53:36
don't develop the ability to go to the next level but if you take that anxiety and you go all right maybe a is an answer and then you start going through a and then you go no maybe a isn't the answer maybe B is the answer you're able to surmount your anxiety and go past it further and further and further you don't rush for the first available answer that's out there right you're able to go through a process of refining things and so in your career if you're anxious for Success if you're anxious for money you're going to make the wrong choices but if you're able to deal with that anxiety and say maybe I'm I have to think more deeply about where I'm going I have to come up with other Alternatives then you're going to make a much better choice on and on and on so how if you're deal if you're a creative person it's very very challenging to have that blank piece of paper before you that book that you haven't written that film or whatever you're filled with a lot of anxiety and you have to deal with it and if you're
能力。但如果你能承受那份焦虑,然后说,好吧,也许 A 是答案,然后你开始顺着A 走下去,接着你说,不对,也许 A 不是答案,也许 B 才是答案——你就能战胜焦虑,越过它,走得越来越远、越来越深。你不会急着去抓第一个现成的答案,对吧,你能够经历一个不断打磨的过程。所以在你的职业生涯里,如果你急于成功,急于赚钱,你就会做出错误的选择。但如果你能够处理那份焦虑,对自己说,也许我得更深入地想想我要往哪儿走,我得想出别的可能性,那你就会做出好得多的选择,如此反复。所以,如果你是一个有创造力的人,面对眼前那张白纸、那本你还没写出来的书、那部电影或者别的什么,是非常非常难熬的,你满心焦虑,你必须去面对它。而如果你
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1:54:38
able to turn into something creative and productive then great things will happen you'll create a masterpiece so the ability to deal with anxiety and to not give into the most instant gratification that you can get is to me a marker of somebody who will be creative and will invent something as opposed to people who just recycle old and dead ideas Amen to that I uh was once told that you know anxiety makes children of us all and not in the positive sense of being childlike you know it it regresses us to a mode where we feel a complete lack of control and I completely agree that being able to manage anxiety and and work dance with it since we can't rid ourselves of it no no perhaps nor should we right because it's a signal as you point out that we don't understand something that there's there's something to get curious about right a process or something out there or both I think uh that really resonates yeah and I think a lot of people will benefit from from hearing that because I think we hear the
能把它转化成某种有创造性、有产出的东西,那么了不起的事情就会发生,你会创造出一部杰作。所以处理焦虑、不屈从于那种最即时的满足感的能力,在我看来就是一个人会有创造力、会创造出新东西的标志,而不是那些只会翻炒陈旧死板想法的人。说得太对了。我以前听人说过,你知道,焦虑会把我们所有人变成小孩,而且不是那种孩子般天真的褒义,它会让我们退化到一种彻底失控的状态。我完全同意,能够管理焦虑,跟它共处、与它共舞——因为我们没法彻底摆脱它。对,对,也许我们也不该摆脱它,对吧,因为正如你指出的,它是一个信号,说明我们有什么没搞懂,说明有什么值得我们去好奇——一个过程,或者外面的某个东西,或者两者都有。我觉得这话真的很有共鸣。是啊,我想很多人会从听到这些当中受益,因为我觉得我们一听到“心流”这个词,就都会想象——我自己都会这样想象,你知道,
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1:55:38
word flow and we just all imagine I even catch myself imagining that you know when Robert Green sits down to right it's like there's a blank sheet and then he just kind of meditates and then boom out come these books um but I you know if I get realistic for a second I'm sure that there's a lot of inner turmoil and anxiety oh my God you have no idea so um my process is is 95% pain and maybe 2 and a half% ecstasy and I don't know what the other 2 and a half% would be but um so I write a story because all in my new book in most of my books I always begin with a story from history Etc and it is so bad it I just I can't believe how bad how flat it is how it sucks I'm so embarrassed I hate myself then I go and I go dig into and I start changing the words in it I start making it a little bit better the second version It's kind of palatable but it still sucks it's if I let it out into the world be very embarrassing I work I it's an anxious you know and my wife can tell you I'm a miserable being when that
就好像罗伯特·格林坐下来写作时,面前是一张白纸,然后他稍微冥想一下,砰,这些书就出来了。但说实话,我敢肯定,这背后有大量的内心煎熬和焦虑。天哪,你根本想象不到。我的过程是 95% 的痛苦,也许 2.5% 的狂喜,我也不知道剩下那 2.5% 算什么。所以我写一个故事——在我的新书里,其实在我大部分书里,我都是从一个历史故事之类的开始,而它写得太糟了,我简直不敢相信有多糟、多平淡、多烂,我特别难堪,我恨我自己。然后我再回去深挖,我开始改里面的字句,让它稍微好一点点,第二稿还算能入口,但还是很烂,如果就这样放出去,会非常丢人。我接着改,那种感觉很焦虑,你知道,我太太可以作证,那种时候我整个人很痛苦,那个阶段我眼里的一切
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1:56:46
happens everything looks black to me at that point and I push through it so if I gave in to my anxiety and this happens with a lot of books and writers I would just put out that second version which isn't very good it isn't very strong it isn't thought through because my ideas when I look at them the first time I go that's not real that's not the actual thing that's going on here Robert you've missed the mark you want to hit what's actually real in that story so you have to go deeper and deeper and harder and harder and harder so I don't just give up and go here's the chapter I go it's got to be better it's got to be better until finally after two months of struggling it seems like it's it's gone to the place that I wanted to be in right but I I use that anxiety to keep improving and making it better and then when I reach that point in the story is good enough and I can let my wife read it and then my editor I feel great I have that 2% moment of Joy but it came through all of that anxiety but I can
都是黑的,但我硬挺过去。所以如果我当初屈从于焦虑——很多书和很多作家就是这样——我就会直接把第二稿放出去,而那稿并不好,不够有力,没有想透。因为我的那些想法,我第一次看的时候会想,这不真实,这不是这里真正发生的事情,罗伯特,你没打中靶心,你想触及的是这个故事里真正真实的东西。所以你得挖得越来越深,逼自己越来越狠、越来越狠。所以我不会就此放弃说,这一章就这样了,我会说,还得更好,还得更好,直到最后,苦苦挣扎两个月之后,它似乎终于到了我想要的那个位置。但我是用那份焦虑来不断改进、不断打磨的。然后当我到了那个点,故事够好了,我可以让我太太读了,再给我的编辑看,我感觉棒极了,我拥有那 2% 的喜悦时刻,但它是穿过所有那些焦虑才得来的。不过我可以
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1:57:49
tell you the feeling of f fillment when I finish a chapter is pretty damn great when I finish a book it's better than any kind of drug experience anyone could ever have it's such a wonderful feeling of accomplishment and pushing past all the barriers you know so my process involves a lot of anxiety and dealing with that's why I'm talking about it why I want to write a book about it thank you for sharing that um I'm attempting to write a book and have been for several years and now I feel a little bit better but clearly I need to ratchet down harder um but in other domains of life I I am familiar with the experience of tons of anxiety and just okay I'm going to just get to this one Milestone and then I'll figure out the next Milestone but even that process of saying okay I'm going to break this down into Milestones itself is anxiety provoking it's just that but at some point it generates enough inertia that you just that you just sort of stumble forward into the process and then keep going so try not to bloody
告诉你,写完一章时那种满足感真是好得不得了;写完一本书时,那比任何人能体验到的任何毒品体验都要好,那是一种极其美妙的成就感,是冲破了所有障碍的感觉。所以我的创作过程包含大量的焦虑和与之搏斗,这也是我现在谈它、想写一本关于它的书的原因。谢谢你分享这些。我自己也在尝试写一本书,写了好几年了,现在我感觉好受了一点,但显然我还得再逼自己狠一点。不过在生活的其他领域,我对那种铺天盖地的焦虑其实很熟悉——好吧,我就先做到这一个里程碑,然后再想下一个里程碑。但就连“好,我要把它拆成一个个里程碑”这个过程本身,都会让人焦虑,就是这样。不过到了某个时候,它会积累出足够的惯性,让你就那么跌跌撞撞地进入状态,然后一直走下去。所以尽量别把自己弄得太伤痕累累。没错,别太狠。是啊,我想很多人会从听到这些中受益,事实上我很确定
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08择偶:性格契合、幽默与神秘感
1:58:48
oneself that's right too much yeah I think a lot people will benefit from hearing about that in fact I'm certain they will So speaking of anxiety you have a clip on the internet that we will provide a link to in the show note captions which I think is absolutely fabulous about how to find a romantic partner and or get more out of an existing romantic partnership I don't even remember what I said you're going to have to remind oh it's so good um one point in particular yeah that uh I remember um that I think is oh so true is that there needs to be at least one and probably several uh points of like real convergence in terms of one's interests or likes that go beyond like what food somebody likes or uh you know what type of house they want to live in but that actually traces back to these early forms of delight and you mentioned uh that for you and therefore presumably your partner that you know a mutual love and respect for Animals happens to be one of those things within the context of your relationship right that not that
他们会。说到焦虑,你在网上有一段视频,我们会在节目说明里放上链接,我觉得那段特别精彩,是关于怎么找到恋爱对象,或者怎么让现有的感情更有收获。我都不记得自己说了什么,你得提醒我。噢,太精彩了。有一点尤其让我记忆犹新,我觉得实在太对了,那就是至少要有一个、可能要有好几个真正契合的点,在兴趣或喜好上——那种超越了“某人喜欢吃什么”,或者“想住什么样的房子”的层面,而是真正能追溯到早年那些让人愉悦的东西。你提到说,对你来说,因此大概对你伴侣来说也一样,你们对动物共同的喜爱和尊重恰好就是你们关系里的这样一个点,对吧。倒不是说“爱动物”是必需的——对我来说
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2:00:03
A Love For Animals is required for me it sure as hell is right exactly could never go out with a woman who didn't love animals right my sister used to tease me that um if a woman gave me a birthday card or a card that had a drawing of a particular animal which I'm particularly fond of my sister used I have an older sister and she used to say oh no it's over he's gone you know that it would you know um fortunately it's it's not that simple um but uh there's some truth to what she was saying um it's certainly uh it's necessary but not sufficient but maybe you could elaborate a little bit on this notion of um convergent interest and contrast it with a lot of what people tend to hear and say about what's important in Partnership because I think this is something that a lot of people grapple with both in terms of finding a partner and in terms of building partnership well um you have to you know there's you can there's different relationships you can have I mean do you want like a one week a one month
那还真是必需的。没错,我绝对不可能和一个不爱动物的女人交往。我姐姐以前常拿这个打趣我,说如果哪个女人送我一张生日卡,或者一张卡片上画着某种我特别喜欢的动物——我有一个姐姐,她以前常说,完了,他栽了。你知道,那会……幸好事情没那么简单,不过她说的话也有几分道理。那当然是必要条件,但不是充分条件。也许你可以再展开讲讲“兴趣契合”这个概念,把它和人们通常听到和说的那些“伴侣关系里什么最重要”的说法做个对比,因为我觉得这是很多人都在纠结的事,既包括怎么找到伴侣,也包括怎么经营伴侣关系。嗯,你得……你知道,关系有很多种,你可以拥有不同类型的关系。我是说,你是想要一段一周、一个月的关系,还是在找更长久、更令人满足、
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2:01:05
relationship are you looking for something longer more satisfying that will entail you know maybe years of being together and um you know uh people can get very boring very quickly right particularly if you can't have a conversation with them about subjects that interest you and so you mention animals animals is a very good example because it's not I'm not saying that you both have to be Democrats or Republicans that's too banal and superficial but the Love of Animals reaches into your character reaches something deep inside of you or your dislike of animals if that happens to be the case but it signals something about it that's so Primal that's so connected to a child that there's going be a deep connection there and it's not like you have to both love cats which is good if that happens to be the case but just animals in general you love their energy you love the fact that they're that they're innocent in their own way you love the fact that they're not playing games with you you love the kind of
可能意味着要在一起很多年的关系?而且你知道,人是可以很快就变得很无聊的,对吧,尤其是当你没法和对方聊那些你感兴趣的话题的时候。你提到动物,动物是一个特别好的例子,因为——我不是说你们俩必须都是民主党或者都是共和党,那太平庸太表面了。而对动物的爱,是触及你性格深处的东西,触及你内心很深的地方;或者你对动物的厌恶,如果情况是那样的话。但这传递出某种非常原始、非常与童年相连的东西,所以那里会有一种很深的连接。而且并不是说你们必须都爱猫——如果碰巧是那样当然很好——而是就泛指动物,你喜欢它们身上的那股劲儿,你喜欢它们以自己的方式保持着天真,你喜欢它们不会跟你玩心机,你喜欢从它们那里能立刻得到的那种爱,诸如此类。而你能在那个层面
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2:02:09
instant love you can get from them kind of thing and you connect to them on that level is a very very positive sign because it goes beyond just intellectual things into something emotional and visceral so really the emotional connections the values that you have together are very important money is another one that's extremely important so if one of you is incredibly material oriented and it's all about money is is is power and success and comfort and the other isn't really into it it's into spending money Etc a lot of people have endless fights over something like money right where the there's no convergence there and money signals a deeper value about the person so I'm not saying there's anything wrong if money motivates you I'm not moralizing about it because that can signal a value that maybe you grew up without it and that feeling comfortable and feeling like you don't have to worry about something is very very important to you and the not being interested in money reveals something
跟它们产生连接,是一个非常非常正面的信号,因为它超越了单纯的智识层面,进入了情感的、本能的层面。所以真正重要的是情感上的连接、你们共同拥有的价值观。金钱是另一个极其重要的方面。如果你们其中一个人极度看重物质,觉得钱就是权力、成功和舒适,而另一个人对此没什么兴趣,只顾着花钱等等,很多人就会因为钱这种事没完没了地吵架,对吧,因为那里没有契合。而金钱反映的是一个人更深层的价值观。我不是说金钱驱动你就有什么不对,我不是在做道德评判,因为那可能反映出一种价值观——也许你从小家里没钱,所以过得安稳、不必为某些事担心,对你来说非常非常重要;而对金钱不感兴趣,同样揭示了你性格里的某些东西。所以我想告诉
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2:03:16
about your character so I'm telling people you want to look at the person's character and see a kind of convergence there and something that can last and I remember I was reading um for one of my books about Franklin Delo Roosevelt and Elanor Roosevelt and the thing of it was Franklin delanor Roosevelt was this incredibly handsome vibrant young man before he got polio very active very athletic very handsome all the women were after him he was like the perfect match he was wealthy and Elanor Roosevelt was like the ugly duckling she wasn't very pretty she was kind of socially awkward but he saw into her character he saw that intellectually she was a match for him he saw that they had kind of similar interests on that level that I'm talking about that go beneath just the surfaces and he chose Elanor and everyone was shocked about it you know nobody was was trying to court Elanor I've wrote her last name at the time I think she might have in being a Roosevelt um so it was very shocking he said I I looked at somebody who I could
大家,你要去看一个人的性格,看看那里有没有某种契合,有没有能长久的东西。我记得为了写我的某本书,我读到过关于富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福和埃莉诺·罗斯福的事,情况是这样的:富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福在得小儿麻痹症之前,是个极其英俊、充满活力的年轻人,非常活跃,非常擅长运动,非常帅气,所有女人都追着他,他简直就是完美对象,而且他家里很有钱。而埃莉诺·罗斯福就像个丑小鸭,她长得不算漂亮,社交上也有些笨拙。但他看进了她的性格,他看出在智识上她和他是匹配的,他看出他们在我说的那个层面上有着相似的兴趣,那种超越表面的东西。于是他选择了埃莉诺,所有人都大吃一惊,你知道,当时没人去追求埃莉诺。我忘了她当时的姓,我想她本来可能也姓罗斯福。总之这件事非常令人震惊。他说,我看中的是一个我能
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2:04:21
last with who had some qualities that were much more important to me and ended up being a very satisfying relationship of course later on he had his Dianes so it wasn't perfect but it was a very it was a very positive relationship so seeing your values in life you know when it comes to like money when it comes to like career when it comes to comfort or lack of comfort some people like not being comfortable they like being on the Ed Ed they want challenges they want to move from City to City kind of thing and if you partner with somebody who just wants to live in the same house you're going to have conflict after conflict after conflict the sex might be great and that might be good for a month or two months I have nothing against that I'm not going to judge that either but it won't lead to a longlasting relationship you know Sports and Athletics are another thing is a someone that likes the outdoors or is it someone who's you know like zaha Gabor and has to be in in a Time Square in a penthouse
长久相处的人,一个拥有对我来说重要得多的品质的人。最后那成了一段非常令人满意的关系,当然后来他也有他的外遇,所以并不完美,但那确实是一段非常正面的关系。所以,看清你人生中的价值观,你知道,在金钱上、在事业上、在舒适或者不舒适上——有些人就喜欢不安逸,他们喜欢待在边缘地带,他们想要挑战,想要从一个城市搬到另一个城市,诸如此类。如果你的伴侣只想一直住在同一栋房子里,你们就会一次又一次地起冲突。性生活也许很棒,那可能能撑一个月或者两个月,我对此没有意见,我也不会评判这个,但它不会带来一段长久的关系。你知道,体育和运动是另一个方面,是一个喜欢户外的人,还是一个像莎莎·嘉宝那样、非得待在曼哈顿时代广场的顶层公寓里的人,诸如此类。所以,那些深入一个人
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2:05:23
in Manhattan you know kind of thing so values that reach inside of a per character that are deeply ingrained that you can almost not change you can't control and there's a convergence there on several levels is a sign that you can have a deep connection with that person and it's very important and if those connections are good and there's a physical attraction because if without the physical attraction it will kind of fizzle out you've got a recipe for for incredible success for something that can really last and having a lasting relationship as I've had is is such an anchor in your life you know for me for someone who works as hard as I do and hopefully for her as well it just grounds me and it makes life so much simpler and easier and and it's not just simple and easy there's a lot of love and a great deal of of of deeper emotions involved but having a long-term relationship if you can have it is something that pays off in so many dividends so being able to find that kind of convergence you know when I
性格内核、根深蒂固、你几乎改变不了、也控制不了的价值观,如果在好几个层面上都有契合,那就是一个信号,说明你能和这个人建立深层的连接。这非常重要。而如果那些连接都很好,同时又有身体上的吸引力——因为没有身体吸引力的话,关系多少会慢慢消散——那你就拥有了通向极大成功的配方,通向某种真正能长久的东西。而拥有一段长久的关系,就像我所拥有的这样,是你人生中一个非常重要的锚。你知道,对我来说,对一个像我这样拼命工作的人来说,希望对她也一样,它让我脚踏实地,让生活变得简单轻松很多。而且不只是简单轻松,里面还有大量的爱和许许多多更深的情感。如果你能拥有一段长期的关系,那是一件会带来非常多回报的事。所以,能够找到那种契合……你知道,我
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2:06:32
first met my now my wife um I had a cat at the time I'd always been a dog person but this was a cat I had and I love that cat like hell I can't believe he was such a wonderful cat I brought her over to my apartment on the first date I wanted to see her reaction to the cat you know because I generally and I don't know people misjudge that women who don't like cats I I don't I can't get along with right because there's something feline in the feminine nature that I love and she loved my cat boy that was the best sign of all and things just Bloss and she loved me for loving a cat so there was a great convergence right there that we saw right away and there were other things but that was the first one I love that story and everything you just said suggests I believe that in order to find the right partner and to build an existing partnership that hopefully feels at least partially right to people that it requires at least some knowing of self Because unless you know your character one's own character then
刚认识我现在的太太时,我那时养了一只猫。我一直都是个爱狗的人,但那时候我养的是一只猫,我爱死那只猫了,简直不敢相信,它是那么棒的一只猫。第一次约会我就把她带回了我的公寓,我想看看她对猫的反应,你知道,因为我一般——我不知道,人们误判了那些不喜欢猫的女人我……我没法跟她们合得来,因为女性的天性里有一种猫科动物般的特质,是我很喜欢的,而她很爱我的猫,那是最好的信号,一切就这么开花结果了,她也因为我爱猫而爱我,所以那里有一个巨大的契合点,我们一下子就看出来了,还有别的因素,但那是第一个。我很喜欢这个故事,你刚才说的一切都让我觉得——我相信——要找到对的伴侣,要经营一段现有的、至少让人感觉部分是对的关系这需要至少有一定程度的自我认识。因为除非你了解自己的性格,一个人自己的性格
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2:07:41
it's impossible to really determine if somebody else's character is going to mesh well with it or not self-awareness is is actually the most important quality in life for all aspects but yeah I mean if we go by social pressures a man will choose a trophy wife who looks sexy and hot and will impress all of his male friends etc etc you go by the things that culture tells you that these are the right images for you right and then there won't be any connection to you because you're choosing for purposes that don't connect to who you are and so you have to know yourself you have to know what you love you have to know what you hate I think most people know that they love animals or don't love animals I think most people know that they like stability or they like things to be kind of slightly chaotic I don't think you have to go through deep levels of introspection but what you have to do is when you're involved in a relationship you have to think that those things matter that's the problem you tend to
否则就根本不可能判断别人的性格能不能和你合得来。自我觉察其实是人生中最重要的品质,对所有方面都是。不过是的,我是说,如果我们按社会压力来选,一个男人会选一个看起来性感火辣、能让他所有男性朋友惊艳的花瓶妻子,等等等等。你照着文化告诉你的那些东西去选,认为这些才是适合你的形象,对吧,然后那就和你毫无连接了,因为你是为了与你是谁毫无关系的目的去选择的。所以你必须了解自己,你必须知道自己爱什么,必须知道自己讨厌什么。我觉得大多数人都知道自己喜不喜欢动物,大多数人也都知道自己是喜欢安稳,还是喜欢事情稍微有点混乱。我不觉得你得做多么深层次的内省,但你需要做的是,当你身处一段关系中时你得认为这些东西是重要的。问题就在这儿,你往往不认为这些东西重要,你以为
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2:08:45
think that those things matter you think that sex matters more than anything physical attraction matters or you think that the person having a lot of money matters etc etc you don't think that this other aspect is important if you value what I'm talking about then your self-awareness will kick in because you really basically know these essential basic parts about your own character I think people sometimes get um distracted by admiration of qualities that they might find admirable but that don't mesh with their own character I've seen this many times before where examp well uh where someone will say well there someone will start listing off the positive attributes of the person that they happen to be dating like he does this blank blank and blank she does this you know he volunteers Etc and that's all great I mean volunteering for good causes I'm all in support of that but then what they're overlooking often it seems is whether or not that's a core value for them or whether or not it's just something that they admire I hear a
性比什么都重要,身体吸引力重要,或者你以为对方很有钱才重要,等等等等。你不觉得另外这个层面重要。如果你重视我说的这些东西,那么你的自我觉察就会启动,因为你其实基本上是知道自己性格里这些核心的、基本的部分的。我觉得人有时候会被一种对某些品质的欣赏所分散注意力,那些品质他们可能觉得很值得敬佩,但其实和他们自己的性格并不契合。我见过很多次了,比如说——呃——有人会说,会开始一条条列举他们正在交往的那个人的优点,比如他做这个那个,她做这个你知道,他去做志愿者等等,这都很好,我是说为公益做志愿服务,我完全支持。但他们常常忽略的似乎是,那到底是不是他们自己的核心价值观,还是说那只是他们欣赏的东西。我在关系的早期
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2:09:47
lot of admiration in the early days of relationships that later I hear about failing and what you're talking about is something deeper more uh aligned with one's own sense of self and it almost um leads me to use the word you know sort of a more about energetics it's like merging of people's energies which sounds very new Agy and that's not my intention but but I think it relates to something that we do hear a lot about and I think is valid which is how it feels to be around somebody in different context like do we feel at ease do we feel lightness and ability to express ourselves and to um and do we enjoy and admire them in their expression as opposed to just admiring what they do they've accomplished blank blank and blank I see right they uh manifest these qualities that I wish I had right you hear that and and aspire to have which is very different than a meshing of of energies also there a couple other things you have to understand their character as well and people can be very deceptive and very slippery and can wear
听到很多这种欣赏,而后来我听说这些关系失败了。而你说的是更深层的东西,更……呃……与一个人自我认知相一致的东西,这几乎让我想用那个词,你知道,有点像是关于能量的,就像是两个人能量的融合,这听起来很新世纪,我不是那个意思,但我觉得这关系到我们确实经常听到的、而且我认为是有道理的一件事,就是在不同情境下和某个人相处时是什么感觉,比如我们是否感到自在,是否感到轻松,能不能表达自己,以及……呃……我们是否享受并欣赏他们表达自己的样子,而不只是欣赏他们做的事——他们取得了这个那个成就。我明白了,他们……呃……体现出这些我希望自己拥有的品质,对吧,你听到这些然后渴望拥有,这和能量的契合非常不同。另外还有几件事你得理解他们的性格,而且人可能非常有欺骗性、非常滑头,会戴面具。我在自己过去的感情里注意到的一个明显信号
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2:10:50
masks one telling sign that I've noticed in my own relationships in the past is that the woman would be a certain way with me that I thought was very good and I liked and then the moment we were with other people she acted in a way that was very irritating it's like a different character and I really kind of fell out of love with her when I saw her in social interactions she revealed so with me she was almost wearing a mask and playing a game but the moment she entered a different circumstance I saw other aspect to her character so you also have to be very attentive to their character what lies underneath that they have some of these values that they're not just trying to win you over for whatever and they're playing along with you the other thing that's very important is a sense of mystery so a partner can become boring very very quickly right after a year you know every single thing about them right they're going to say the same things the conversations go around found in circles it's just you've reached an end there's
是,那个女人和我在一起时是某种样子,我觉得那样很好、很喜欢,然后一旦我们和别人在一起,她的举止就变得非常让人恼火,简直像是另一个人。当我看到她在社交场合里的样子时,我真的有点不爱她了,她暴露了出来。所以和我在一起时,她几乎是戴着面具在演一场戏,但一进入另一种场合,我就看到了她性格的其他面。所以你也必须非常留意他们的性格,看看底下藏着什么,他们是不是真的有这些价值观,而不只是想不管出于什么目的把你拿下,只是在配合你演戏。另一件非常重要的事是神秘感。一个伴侣可能很快很快就变得无聊,对吧,一年之后你就了解了他们的每一件事,他们会说同样的话,对话来来回回兜圈子,就是……你已经走到头了,没有惊喜了,没有神秘感了。你希望
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2:11:54
no surprises there's no mystery you want somebody where they have corners that you don't really see at first that they surprise you sometimes suddenly there's a quality that you hadn't suspected before so people who are too obvious who are too familiar who show everything instantly they're going to end up boring you right but people who have a bit of Reserve I I know this is maybe I'm I'm projecting my own values on the world but people who who kind of intrigue you that you don't fully understand that make you want to know more and if they can be like that after two years or three years or five years wow that's fantastic but the sense of I know every single thing about this person they never surprise me anymore is what kind of breaks the the the enchantment and leads to the end of the relationship well the idea of more to learn about somebody um perhaps also suggests that they are continuing to evolve into forage in the landscape of life you know that they're not fully baked right that which I think is um an interesting idea
对方身上有一些你一开始看不到的角落,有时会让你惊讶,突然间冒出一种你之前没料到的特质。所以那些太一目了然、太熟悉、把一切都立刻摊开的人,最后会让你厌烦,对吧。但那些有点保留的人——我知道这也许是我在把自己的价值观投射到世界上——但那些让你着迷、你没法完全看透、让你想了解更多的人,如果他们两年、三年、五年之后还能是那样,哇,那太棒了。而那种“我了解这个人的每一件事,他们再也不会让我惊讶了”的感觉,就是会打破那种魔力、导致关系走向终结的东西。嗯,关于对一个人还有更多可了解的这个想法呃,也许还说明他们在持续演变,在人生的广阔天地里探索,你知道他们还没有“定型”,对吧,我觉得这个想法很有意思。在我们做的那个关于心理健康的四集系列里
便签引用
2:13:00
in during the four episode series that we did on Mental Health Paul kti a psychiatrist said that um a matching of generative drives which he defined as the desire to create something in the world of One's Own expression is really critical in relationship and he said you know it matters less whether or not one person likes classical music and the other person rock and roll provid that their relationship to music is similar or something of that sort like that it's about a drive to of a certain sort to engage in the world so one person could love music the other person's not into music but the way that they approach life is one of perhaps Mutual curiosity desire to find out Etc and that this exists on a Continuum uh I'm curious if uh it seems to jive with what you're with what you're saying it does but the only thing I would add is if you love classical music and they love like heavy metal music you're going to be driven crazy pretty quickly it's going to you know it's not going to mesh with you and
精神科医生保罗·康提(Paul Conti)说过,呃,创造性驱力的匹配——他把它定义为在世界上创造出属于自己表达的东西的欲望——在关系中真的至关重要。他说,你知道,一个人喜欢古典乐、另一个人喜欢摇滚,这倒没那么要紧,只要他们与音乐的关系是相似的,或者诸如此类。就是说,这关乎某种投入世界的驱力。所以可能一个人爱音乐,另一个人对音乐不感兴趣,但他们面对人生的方式,也许都是彼此好奇、都渴望去探索等等,而这是呈连续谱分布的。呃,我很好奇呃,这似乎和你说的是吻合的?确实吻合,但我唯一要补充的是,如果你爱古典乐,而对方爱重金属,你很快就会被逼疯的,那会……你知道,那跟你是合不来的。我知道我就会有这个问题。你俩会经常各戴各的耳机,对吧。所以,你们俩都有……
便签引用
2:13:58
I know I would have that problem you'll both be in headphones a lot right so the fact that you both have because music is like animals in a way so I agree completely with what you're saying but I would say maybe music isn't the best example because music says something very deep about a person right there and you know I'm not saying one is superior to the other but it reveals something that's nonverbal that that kind of gives you a window into who they are so if they like punk rock like you do and I grew up on punk rock there's a rebellious thing this to there's an anti-authoritarian quality that's very strong you get you get to see that through them if they like modart and soft string quartets there's somebody that kind of values softness and tranquility and peace and you're not like that so the music kind of shows you something a quality about their character that can be very telling can be very eloquent and so it doesn't mean that you both have to love The Clash or the dead kennedies or whatever showing
因为音乐在某种意义上就像动物一样。所以我完全同意你说的,但我想说,也许音乐不是最好的例子,因为音乐揭示了一个人非常深层的东西,你懂的。而且,我不是说哪一种比另一个更高级,但它揭示了某种非语言的东西,那种东西给了你一扇窗,让你看到他们是什么样的人。所以如果他们像你一样喜欢朋克摇滚——我也是听朋克摇滚长大的——那里面有一种叛逆的东西,还有一种非常强烈的反权威气质,你能透过这些音乐看到这一点。如果他们喜欢莫扎特和柔和的弦乐四重奏,那这个人大概是崇尚柔软、宁静与平和的,而你不是那样的人。所以音乐多少向你展示了他们性格中的某种特质,这种特质可能非常说明问题,非常有表现力。所以这并不意味着你们两个都必须喜欢 The Clash 或者Dead Kennedys 之类的乐队——这暴露了我是哪一代人——而是说你们都有那种叛逆的劲儿,而那种
便签引用
2:15:06
my own Generation Um but that you both have that rebellious streak and that rebellious streak could be you like there's classical music composers who could be pretty damn rebellious and angry you know and I actually kind of like them so that convergence I think is a positive one kind of thing but in general I agree with that I'm curious about the nonverbal communication component of all types of relationships but let's stay in the landscape of romantic relationships for the moment yeah maybe include professional relationships too because what you just described is really about a resonance around the non-verbal stuff I mean it can be articulated with words yeah um I love animals I love this music this is the best song like did you see that like otter are amazing right this kind of thing but language is just an attempt to place you know words on a Feeling in those instances so it it can be classified as non-verbal um with respect to non-verbal communication you've written fairly extensively about the
叛逆的劲儿也可以是——比如有些古典音乐作曲家其实可以相当叛逆、相当愤怒,你知道的,而我其实还挺喜欢他们的。所以我觉得那种契合是一件好事,大概是这样吧。但总体上我同意这个说法。我很好奇各类关系中的非语言沟通这一块,不过我们暂时先聊恋爱关系吧。是啊,也许把职业关系也包括进来,因为你刚才描述的其实是围绕那些非语言层面的共鸣。我是说,那些东西也可以用语言表达出来,对,比如:我爱动物,我爱这种音乐,这是最好的歌,你看见了吗,那个水獺太棒了,对吧,就这类话。但语言只是一种尝试,是把词语安放在一种感受上,在那些情境里是这样。所以它可以被归类为非语言的。说到非语言沟通,你写过相当多关于
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09非语言沟通:眼睛、声音、微表情
2:16:11
fact that people often communicate with their body and facial expressions um I'm certainly familiar with the somewhat if not not very eerie sensation of somebody um smiling like a toothy smile and then it as they pivot away that smile just dissolving very quickly and um you know you don't have to be a neuroscientist or a psychologist to realize that like there was something quite false about that experience or that this person experiences um emotions like step functions on off on off which is not how most of us experience emotions most of us experience emotions with some pervasiveness like I was happy walking in the door because of something happened before and so I'm going to smile while I'm walking in the door if I see something shocking and dismaying of course I'm going to frown I'm going to wipe away that smile but those are rare instances so um let's talk about the mouth the eyes the face the body in the context of communication what are what are some important things to P attention
人们常常用身体和面部表情来沟通这件事。我当然很熟悉那种——就算不是特别诡异也多少有点诡异的感觉——有人冲你笑,露出满口牙的那种笑,然后当他们转身离开时,那个笑容一下子就消失了,非常很快,而且你知道,你不需要是神经科学家或心理学家就能意识到,那种体验里有些东西是相当虚假的,或者说这个人体验情绪就像阶跃函数一样,开、关、开、关,这并不是我们大多数人体验情绪的方式,大多数人的情绪是有某种延续性的,比如我本来就很开心地走进门,因为之前发生了什么事,所以我走进门的时候会面带微笑;如果我看到什么令人震惊、沮丧的事,我当然会皱眉,会把那个笑容收起来,但那种情况很少见所以,我们来聊聊嘴巴、眼睛、面部、身体在沟通中的作用,有哪些重要的点需要注意?有一点我想回过头来补充,关于契合度——幽默感是
便签引用
2:17:10
one that I I I I wanted to go back on as far as convergence is sense of humor is extremely important right so it's not like you both like the same comedians but if one person likes runchy humor and the other person doesn't that's that's a problem and also the fact that the person doesn't have a sense of humor or doesn't make you laugh is a very very bad sign so I wanted to add that one component in there I'm so glad you did uh someone who can make me laugh has uh you know necessary but not sufficient but boy it's uh approaching sufficient yeah I'd say so I'd say so um you know when it comes to the Art of Seduction The Art of Seduction is a nonverbal language that you must Master it's a language of the gifts that you give it's a ma it's a language of of how you smell it's a language that you TR that you communicate through the eyes etc etc and the thing you have to understand about the human being is that we evolved for much longer period of time without words than the small 40 35,000 years that we
极其重要的,对吧?倒不是说你们俩都喜欢同样的喜剧演员,而是如果一个人喜欢重口味的荤段子,而另一个人不喜欢,那就是个问题;还有就是,如果对方没有幽默感,或者逗不笑你,那是非常非常糟糕的信号。所以我想把这一点补充进来。我很高兴你提到了能逗我笑的人,你知道,这是必要条件但不是充分条件,不过说真的,它已经很接近充分了是的,我同意,我同意。你知道,说到诱惑的艺术,诱惑的艺术是一门你必须掌握的非语言的语言,它是你所赠予的礼物的语言,它是你身上气味的语言,它是一门你通过眼神传达的语言,等等等等。而关于人类你必须要理解的一点是,我们在没有语言的状态下演化的时间,远远长于我们拥有语言的那短短的三万五千到四万年
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2:18:14
have symbolic language so during that vast period of Darkness where we did not have words words we were non communicating non-verbally we were picking up signals from people we were watching every little detail of their behavior because we didn't have words to decipher it so it's wired into our brains to have an amazing sensitivity to people's non-verbal Communications we can almost be telepathic that way if we learn that language the problem is we have the capacity but we don't develop it at all because we are so word oriented you're just listening to people if you're even listening to them at all you're just hearing the words and you're so thinking that the words mean something the words are sincere which they're often not at the same time that you're listening so much to words people are shuffling in their chair they're kind of looking away they're looking at other women or other men their voice is kind of trembling when they say something that where it shouldn't tremble their eyes are dead
有符号语言,所以在那段漫长的黑暗时期,我们还没有语言文字,我们是非语言交流的,我们是从别人身上接收信号,我们观察他们行为的每一个细微之处,因为我们没有词语可以去解读它,所以这已经刻进了我们的大脑里——对他人的非语言交流有着惊人的敏感度,我们几乎可以做到心灵感应,只要我们学会这门语言。问题在于,我们有这种能力,但我们完全没有去发展它,因为我们太以文字为导向了。你只是在听人说话,如果你甚至还在听的话,你只是在听那些词,而且你还特别相信这些词有某种含义、这些话是真诚的——而它们常常并不是。在你如此专注地听别人说话的同时,他们其实在椅子上挪来挪去,他们眼神有点飘开,他们在看别的女人或别的男人,他们说某句话时声音有点颤抖,而那是本不该颤抖的地方,他们的眼神是死的,那个微笑有点假——这些你一个都没看到。所以非语言交流中最重要的
便签引用
2:19:18
the smile is kind of fake you're not watching any of it so the most important thing in non-verbal communication law number one is pay attention to it continually develop the practice of shutting off the words and watching people almost as if you took the television and muted it right and just watch their behavior it's not easy and it's not natural because it's the words the words the words we want to we want to focus on them right but your ability to turn that television off to mute it will suddenly open up so many things about people they reveal so much things Sigman Freud said people are continually oozing out all of their secrets through their non-verbal Behavior you can read them like an open book if you master this language and I have the laws of human nature I described the story of Milton Ericson I don't know if you're familiar with Milton Ericson perhaps the greatest modern master of non-verbal communication he was a an amazing psychologist he sort of um is the inspiration behind um n what's it called
一件事,第一条法则,就是去留意它。持续地培养这种习惯:把声音关掉,去观察别人,就好像你把电视静音了一样,对吧,就只是看他们的行为。这并不容易,也不自然,因为我们总是盯着词、词、词,我们想聚焦在词上,对吧。但你把电视关掉、把它静音的能力,会突然让你看到关于人的许多东西。人会暴露出太多东西了。西格蒙德·弗洛伊德说过,人们总是在通过他们的非语言行为不断地渗漏出自己所有的秘密。如果你掌握了这门语言,你就能把他们像一本摊开的书一样读透。在《人性的法则》里,我讲了米尔顿·艾瑞克森的故事。我不知道你是否听说过米尔顿·艾瑞克森,他大概是现代最伟大的非语言交流大师。他是一位了不起的心理学家,他某种程度上是……呃……N 什么来着的灵感来源——叫什么来着,帮我想一下,神经语言……哦,
便签引用
2:20:27
n help me out here neuro linguistic oh the NLP I mean it's kind of a bastardization of his ideas but he's he created hypnotherapy he's the person who created hypnotherapy certainly I uh hypnotherapy is is a valid psychiatric practice I mean it's excellent clinical data to support well Milton Erikson had Polio when he was 19 and he was paralyzed his entire body was par paralyzed he couldn't even move his eyeballs right and he sat in bed and he had a very active mind and he was going to just die from sheer boredom and what he did during the two years of being paralyzed like that was just watching People's non-verbal communication and making notes in his brain and learning every single he learned the 20 different forms of yes the hundred different forms of no right every intonation how somebody entered the room how they left the room you know how they looked at him with the pity or empathy or something he mastered it and then when he became a psychiatrist and he treated people they thought he was psychic he could see
NLP。我是说,那其实是对他思想的一种曲解,但他创立了催眠治疗,他就是创立催眠治疗的那个人。当然,催眠治疗是一种有效的精神科治疗方法,我是说有非常好的临床数据支持。米尔顿·艾瑞克森19岁时得了小儿麻痹症,他全身瘫痪,连眼球都动不了,对吧。他就躺在床上,他有一颗非常活跃的头脑,他简直要被无聊活活闷死。在那样瘫痪的两年里,他所做的就是观察人们的非语言交流,在脑子里做笔记,学习每一个细节。他学会了'是'的20种不同形式,'不'的一百种不同形式,对吧,每一种语调,某人怎样走进房间、怎样离开房间,他们看他时带着怜悯还是共情,他把这些全都掌握了。后来他成为精神科医生给人治疗时,人们都以为他有通灵能力,他好像能
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2:21:34
everything into them it's because for two years that's all he could do was Observe them he couldn't speak he couldn't do anything he couldn't read a book so you have that same power but you don't have polio obviously but you have to first pay attention to it right it's an amazing thing once you do it's a lot of fun actually and I tell people go to a cafe one day in your city wherever you live and just watch people because you can't hear them they're a few tables away watch their non-verbal Behavior as they interact and see if if you pick up cues from them and they're things that are signs of genuine emotions so for instance an exercise you can do is you go up to somebody from an angle where they can't see you coming up to them and you surprise them you go hey hey Mike whatever they turn for that second their expression reveals how they really think about you you'll detect if you can pick up micro expressions and and you can they're only like one 150th of a second but they're there you can express a kind of and they
把人看透。那是因为整整两年里,他能做的就只有观察别人。他不能说话,什么也做不了,连书都读不了。所以你也有同样的能力,当然你没得小儿麻痹症,但你首先得去留意它,对吧。一旦你开始做,那真是件很神奇的事,其实还挺好玩的。我告诉人们,找一天去你所在城市的咖啡馆,随便哪座城市,就去看人。因为你听不见他们说话——他们坐在几张桌子之外——就观察他们互动时的非语言行为,看看你能不能从他们身上捕捉到一些线索,那些是真实情绪的标志。比如举个例子,你可以做这么一个练习:你从一个对方看不到你过来的角度走近他,给他一个突然袭击你说嘿,嘿,麦克什么的,他们一转头,那一瞬间的表情就暴露了他们真正怎么看你。你会察觉到——如果你能捕捉微表情的话,你是能做到的——那些微表情只有大约一百五十分之一秒,但确实存在。你能看出那种……然后他们笑了,你能看到他们眼里那一点点轻蔑,对吧?接着面具就戴上了
便签引用
2:22:43
smile you can see the little disdain in their eyes right then the mask comes on right right or you're talking to them they're looking at you but their feet are facing in an opposite direction that means that they're dying to get away from you kind of thing these are signals that you don't necessarily pay attention to their posture will tell you everything about their levels of confidence right on and on and on the fake smile if you can just Master the ability to detect the fake smile it will go wonders for you because you're able to see what you really want to do is to see the person with a genuine smile particularly in romantic relationships someone whose face lights up a real smile lights your whole face up it doesn't light your mouth that these parts of your face go up your eyes get alive there's like there's like a a neuro thing going on in your brain that's changing your whole facial expression and it means that someone genuinely likes you they're genuinely interested in you they're genuinely
对,对。或者你在跟他们说话,他们看着你,但脚却朝着相反的方向,那就意味着他们巴不得赶紧脱身,差不多是这个意思。这些都是你平时未必会留意的信号他们的姿态会把他们的自信程度全都告诉你,等等等等。还有假笑。如果你能掌握识别假笑的能力,那对你会有巨大的好处,因为你就能看出来——你真正想要的是看到一个人真诚的笑容,尤其是在亲密关系里。一个人的脸整个亮起来,真正的笑容会点亮你的整张脸,而不只是点亮你的嘴;脸上这些部位会往上提,眼睛会活起来,就像有一种神经层面的东西在你大脑里发生,改变了你整个面部表情。这意味着这个人是真的喜欢你,是真的对你感兴趣,是真的在笑、真的在跟你连接。天哪,如果你能看出这个,那在感情这方面会
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2:23:48
laughing or connecting to you man and if you can see that it'll help you so much in the Romantic realm and then it'll help you get away from those toxic people that are continually faking interest in you because a narcissist a toxic person thrives by deceiving you with a Charming alluring front that makes you come into their world then they can hurt you then they can do something to you right then they have you in in in their in their you know in their trap right so being able to see that they're not genuinely interested in you that they're faking it will help you avoid very toxic relationships and as I said to you I don't know if we were on air or not but deep narcissists have dead eyes they they almost can't help it they can fake the smile they can fake everything else but the eyes you have to be able to read it because you say well what are dead eyes you'll know it when you see it there's no life in them they're like looking through you they're not looking at you they're looking through you what
帮到你太多了,而且它还能帮你远离那些一直在假装对你感兴趣的有毒的人。因为一个自恋者、一个有毒的人,靠的就是用一副迷人诱惑的外表来骗你,让你走进他们的世界,然后他们就能伤害你,然后他们就能对你下手,对吧?然后你就落进了他们的,你知道,落进了他们的陷阱。所以能看出他们对你并不是真的感兴趣、他们是在装,会帮你避开非常有毒的关系。就像我之前跟你说的,我不记得当时是不是在录,重度自恋者的眼睛是死的,他们几乎控制不住这一点。他们能装出笑容,别的都能装,但眼睛不行,你必须能读懂它。因为你会问,什么叫死鱼眼?你看到的时候自然就知道了。那里面没有生气,他们像是在穿过你看,而不是在看你;他们是透过你在看:我能从你身上拿到什么?你就是他们所说的自体客体,你是一个可以被
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2:24:49
can I get of you you're what they call a selfobject they're an object for you to use and that's how they're looking at you like they would look at a hammer or something yeah the concept of dead eyes and also alive eyes is so fascinating because um as audience of this podcast will know that because I've said it too much but I'll say it again that the eyes are the only two pieces of your brain that are outside the cranial Vault I mean they're literally two pieces of brain lining the back of your eyes and the Dynamics of the pupils those changes of course reflect how bright or dim it is in the room but they also reflect levels of arousal that are on the millisecond time scale so as one expresses you know words of um of Glee right the pupils constrict a little bit believe it or not or excuse me dilate a little bit I got it backwards there for a moment um and vice versa you know as one feels uh less less excited um sort of moments of Despair expressions of Despair the pupils should get a little
使用的物件,他们看你就是这种眼神,就像在看一把锤子之类的。是啊,死鱼眼这个概念,还有有生气的眼睛,真的太有意思了。因为这个播客的听众都知道,我已经说过太多遍了,但我还是要再说一遍:眼睛是你大脑唯一暴露在颅腔之外的两块组织。我是说它们真的就是两块脑组织,铺在你眼球的后壁上。而瞳孔的动态变化,那些变化当然反映了房间里的明暗,但它们同时也反映唤醒水平,而且是在毫秒级的时间尺度上。所以当一个人说出那种欣喜的话时,瞳孔会稍微收缩——信不信由你——不对,是稍微放大一点,我刚才说反了。反过来也一样,当一个人感觉没那么兴奋的时候,就是那种绝望的时刻、表达绝望的时候,瞳孔应该会变小一点,因为唤醒水平在
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2:25:47
bit smaller because arousal is going down and so I think you know we pick up on these things at a unconscious level do um the deadness of the eyes is is kind of the the um the the conclusion that that pops out at us if we're paying attention but the problem is it love it registers unconsciously but we don't give it any value to it we trust our words we trust our rationality as opposed to our intuitions about people so sometimes when you meet a person for the first time signals go up in your mind brain something's wrong about them and then you forget it because you don't trust those initial unconscious signals that your brain is giving you right so you have to you have to first kind of trust that this that these intuitions are very valuable the other thing is pay deep attention to the tone of voice The Voice as actors will tell you is like the hardest thing to fake right it's very hard to fake excitement your voice either has it or it doesn't it's very hard to fake confidence and you can I
下降。所以我觉得,我们在无意识的层面会捕捉到这些东西,而眼睛的那种死气,就是在我们留意的时候会自己冒出来的那个结论。但问题在于……会无意识地记录下来,但我们不赋予它任何价值,我们相信自己的言语,相信自己的理性,而不是相信我们对人的直觉所以有时候你第一次见到某个人,你脑子里会亮起信号,觉得这人有点不对劲然后你就把它忘了,因为你不相信大脑给你的那些最初的无意识信号,对吧,所以你必须,你必须首先在某种程度上相信这些直觉是非常有价值的;另一件事是要高度留意说话的语气。声音,正如演员们会告诉你的,是最难伪装的东西,对吧,伪装兴奋很难,你的声音要么有,要么没有;伪装自信也很难,你可以——我是说
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2:26:53
mean books have been written about that I'm not going to go into all the the details about it but the person will reveal so much of their emotional of the emotions that they're experiencing particularly levels of confidence you know like a trembling Voice or something or a booming confident voice which some people can fake but often it's very difficult you can still see through it and on the level of Seduction women men are very very attuned to the voice of a woman but we're not aware of it because the voice of our mother had an incredible impact on us in early early early childhood her singing her the tone of her voice that was probably the first seduction that we ever went through and a woman's voice has tremendous power over us right and so hearing a voice that kind of grates or irritates you is is something that's that's a bad side and that goes deeper than all the characteristics that we were talking about but a woman's voice that kind of reminds you of that mother that sing song you whatever feeling it
关于这个已经有很多书写过了,我就不展开讲所有细节了——但一个人会透露出他所体验到的情绪中的很大一部分,尤其是自信的程度,你知道的,比如颤抖的声音之类的,或者洪亮自信的嗓音,有些人能装出来,但通常这很难,你还是能看穿;而在诱惑的层面上,女性——男性对女性的声音非常非常敏感,但我们自己意识不到因为母亲的声音在我们非常非常早的童年时期对我们产生了不可思议的影响,她的歌声,她说话的语气,那大概是我们经历过的第一次被诱惑,而女性的声音对我们有着巨大的力量,对吧,所以听到一个让你觉得刺耳或者恼人的声音,那是个不好的信号,而且这比我们之前谈到的所有那些特质都要更深层;但如果一个女人的声音让你想起那位母亲,那种抑扬顿挫的吟唱感,不管当时是什么样的感觉,那这个人就非常容易能诱惑到你;是的,有
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2:27:59
was that's that's somebody that's that can very easily seduce you yeah there's a um there's a place for uh naming this of it's like subcortical courtship uh you know you know below the cortex as a the geeky neuroscientists like myself say you know you're getting down below the cortex with all of this stuff you know convergence of of real uh loves and desires I mean we express with words we sense the world using of course our cortex but we're really talking about getting into the the subcortical stuff that is the stuff of our history the stuff of our um hardwiring and our unique our uniqueness I couldn't help but think about the fact that earlier we were talking about the now you know infinitely vast number of choices of things to engage in people to engage with Etc but at the same time as you were now talking about um these micro inflections and the subtleties of voice and bodily communication that whether or not it's emojis or people sending filtered images or the default to text message
一个,嗯,可以给它起个名字,叫做皮层下求偶,嗯,你知道的,在皮层之下,用我这种书呆子气的神经科学家的说法,你知道的,你在这一切当中深入到了皮层之下,你知道的,真正的爱与欲望的汇合,我是说我们用言语表达,我们当然是用皮层来感知世界的,但我们现在谈的其实是深入到皮层下的那些东西,那些属于我们历史的东西,那些属于我们,嗯,先天固化的部分,以及我们的独特性;我忍不住想到一件事,就是我们前面谈到过如今可以说是无穷无尽的选择,可以做的事、可以交往的人等等,但与此同时,就在你刚刚谈到这些细微的语调变化、声音和肢体交流的微妙之处时,不管是表情符号,还是人们发加了滤镜的照片,或者如今如此普遍的以短信为主的交流方式,看起来我们现在拥有了更多选择
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2:29:05
communication that is so prominent now it seems like we now have more choices so uh more input but the sort of qualitative differences between the inputs have been binned into a couple of simple bins as if it's as if we've um regressed to primary colors only um but the canvas is huge or may I don't know if that analogy works but you you get the idea because ultimately in order to develop good choices about profession romantic relationships friendships you need a lot of examples and a lot of information that allows you to glean the subtlety um but as long as it's emojis and filtered pictures taken at a particular angle you know usually from above ask for the picture your head on and Below send me a picture of your worst your worst expression um all of that um it seems that there's now increased opportunity for deception and I don't just mean people misleading others I also mean us misleading ourselves like oh my goodness how could I be so disappointed yet again about particular landscape of life it doesn't
所以,嗯,输入更多了,但这些输入之间的那种质的差异被归进了几个简单的类别里,就好像我们,嗯,退化到只剩下三原色,嗯,但画布却极其巨大——我不知道这个比喻贴不贴切,但你明白我的意思,因为归根结底,要想在职业、恋爱关系、友谊上做出好的选择,你需要大量的样本和大量的信息,才能让你捕捉到那些微妙之处,嗯,但只要还是表情符号和从特定角度拍的加滤镜的照片,你知道的,通常是从上往下拍——要求对方发一张正面平视再往下的照片,发一张你最糟糕的、最难看的表情的照片——嗯,所有这些,嗯,看起来现在欺骗的机会增加了,而且我说的不只是人们误导他人,我说的也包括我们自欺欺人,比如天哪,我怎么又一次这么失望生活的某个特定领域——不一定非得是恋爱互动,也可以是其他领域,比如我怎么可能被骗呢
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2:30:11
just have to be romantic interactions it could be other Landscapes like how could I be fooled well you're fooled because the the uh the inputs were deficient not good data as we say well the thing is if things are you're immersed in the virtual realm it's very very hard to master the non-verbal communication aspect which is so important so if you're dating from an app and you're flipping through and then you find that person you've missed out on the greatest experience of life which is actually having to go out to a bar or go to a restaurant or go to a social event and have to literally encounter another person and deal with looking at their their behavior and kind of assessing who they are it's a muscle that you have to pay attention to non-verbal communication and if you're just you know going through the Emojis or going through the Tinder apps that muscle completely atrophies you have no power you're not able to decipher anything and that's what's happening with a lot of people who are using these
我怎么会被骗呢?你之所以被骗,是因为输入的信息有缺陷,用我们的话说就是数据不够好问题在于,如果你整天沉浸在虚拟世界里,就很难掌握非语言沟通这个方面,而它又是如此重要。所以如果你是在用交友软件约会,一个个划过去,然后找到了那个人,你就错过了人生中最棒的体验——那种真正得出门去酒吧、去餐厅、或者去参加某个社交活动,不得不实实在在地遇到另一个人,去观察他们的行为举止,去判断他们是什么样的人。这是一块肌肉你必须去留意非语言沟通。而如果你只是在那儿翻表情包或者刷 Tinder 之类的软件,那块肌肉就会彻底萎缩。你使不上劲,什么都解读不出来。这就是很多用交友软件的人正在发生的事情。社交技能跟任何其他技能
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2:31:20
ABS a social skills are like any skill at all they you have to develop them it's a muscle you have to develop and you've all noticed this probably in your own life if you've gone through a period where you're kind of retreating you don't want to be around people and you spend a month like that and then you go out you feel awkward it takes you like a couple days to get used to being around other people you say stupid things your body language is awkward but if you're in a situation for months where you're constantly interacting people you're on a film set and day in day out day out that skill starts developing but you have to be out there in the world you have to be interacting you have to be looking at people's emotions you have to be gauging them in real time we're not built for virtual encounters we're creatures of human of Flesh and Blood and we need to be looking at each other in the eye and paying attention to all these little details these nuances that you can only get in person a on those
一样,都是需要培养的,它是一块肌肉,你得去锻炼。这一点你们在自己生活中大概都体会过:如果你有一段时间比较退缩,不想跟人打交道,就这么过了一个月,然后你出门了,会觉得很别扭,得花个几天才能重新适应跟别人相处。你会说些蠢话,肢体语言也很僵硬。但如果你连着几个月都处在不断与人打交道的环境里,比如在片场,日复一日地待在那儿,这项技能就会开始发展起来。但你必须走到真实世界里去,必须去互动,必须去观察别人的情绪,必须去实时地判断他们。我们并不是为虚拟交流而生的,我们是有血有肉的人类我们需要看着彼此的眼睛,注意所有这些小细节、这些微妙之处,而这些只有面对面才能捕捉到。沿着这个思路,你对人工智能怎么看,它会如何塑造我们的
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10AI 会让思考的肌肉萎缩吗
2:32:20
lines what are your thoughts about Ai and how that's going to shape our um sense of self sense of others and relationships as if that's a topic that could be covered in uh a series of minutes but what what are your um what are your top Contour maybe even deeper thoughts about AI well I'm G to I'm going to piss a lot of people off but I'm I'm kind of very concerned about it um I mentioned before about anxiety the role that anxiety plays in thinking you come upon an IDE idea and you go yeah that's all good then you go to the next level and it becomes better then you go oh maybe that's not so good then you go to the next level you go to level three and it gets better and better you have anxiety another aspect of intelligence is self-awareness right the be to look at yourself go I have biases I have confirmation bias I have conviction bias I have recency bias I have to counteract these things I also have a dark side I have aggression I have to be aware of how they color my thinking my emotions
自我意识、对他人的认知以及人际关系——当然这个话题也不是几分钟就能讲完的,但你最主要的、甚至更深层的关于人工智能的想法是什么?好吧,我接下来说的话会得罪很多人不过我对它相当担忧。嗯,我之前提到过焦虑,焦虑在思考中所起的作用。你想到一个点子,你会觉得,嗯,这挺好的。然后你再深入一层,它变得更好了。然后你会想,也许这没那么好。接着你再深入一层,到了第三层,它就越来越好——这是因为你有焦虑智力的另一个方面是自我觉察,对吧?就是能够审视自己,意识到我有偏见,我有确认偏误,我有信念偏误我有近因偏误,我必须去对抗这些东西。我也有阴暗面,我有攻击性,我必须意识到这些如何影响我的思维、我的情绪。第三个构成智力的品质——我现在说的是智力,不是
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2:33:21
the third quality that goes into int I'm talking about now intelligence not artificial intelligence to be able to deal anxiety and go to a third level intelligence is the ability to look inside of yourself and see your own biases and the third thing is the ability to see a holistic picture the kind of aha moment that scientists have where you accumulate all kind of data points and then out of nowhere an image comes to your mind of yeah there's the answer you see the whole thing you see the whole G right Simone vile compared it to a a um a square Cube you can only see a cube from one side or you can never see a a square Cube you can only see a side of it if it's rotating you're still only seeing sides of it only in your mind can you picture the whole thing so the mind has to go through a process to have holistic thinking if they can invent a machine that can deal with anxiety and has has anxiety and it can go to level three if they can make a machine that can be self-aware that can go the people
人工智能——要能够应对焦虑并进入第三个层次。智力就是能够审视自己的内心,看到自己的偏见。第三点是能够看到一幅整体的图景,就是科学家们常有的那种恍然大悟的时刻你积累了各种各样的数据点,然后不知从哪儿冒出来,一个画面出现在你脑海里:对,答案就在这儿你看到了整体,你看到了全貌,对吧?西蒙娜·薇依把它比作一个正方体,你只能看到一个立方体从一个角度看,你永远没法看到一个完整的立方体,你只能看到它的一个面,就算它在旋转,你看到的也仍然只是它的各个面,只有在脑海里你才能把整体想象出来,所以大脑必须经历一个过程,才能有整体性的思考。如果他们能发明出一台能应对焦虑、并且本身会焦虑的机器,能达到第三层,如果他们能造出一台有自我意识的机器,能说出「编写我的人有偏见,所以我
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2:34:26
who program me have biases therefore I have biases I also have a dark side because people have programmed me who have a dark side if this machine can also think holistically beyond all of the data points and all the mass of information it's combined it can have that aha moment all right I can see a human consciousness I can see creativity there the other thing I would say is when I was a student at Berkeley going way back I was 19 years old I decided One Summer was is a big paradigm shift for me I'm going to take this class in ancient Greek in six weeks they teach you a year of ancient Greek that means every day you have an exam every Friday you have a final exam eight hours every day of a dead language I thought this would be the best discipline for me after someone who didn't been doing too many drugs to be honest with you okay and so finally at one point they give us this paragraph of the hardest ancient Greek writer of all to read this was near the end through cities or through kitties as they
也有偏见,我也有阴暗面,因为编写我的人有阴暗面」,如果这台机器还能超越所有数据点和它整合的海量信息去做整体性思考,能有那种恍然大悟的时刻,那好,我就能看到人类意识,我就能看到创造力了。另外我想说的是,当年我在伯克利读书的时候,那要追溯到很久以前,我19岁,有一年夏天我做了个决定,这对我来说是个巨大的思维转变,我要去上一门古希腊语的课,六个星期里教完一年的古希腊语,意思是你每天都有考试,每周五都有期末考,每天八个小时学一门死掉的语言。我当时觉得这对我来说是最好的磨练,说实话,在那之前我嗑药嗑得有点多。好,结果到了某个时候,他们给了我们一段全古希腊最难读的作家的文字,那已经快到课程末尾了,是修昔底德,有人也念成「修基底德」。我盯着它看,我有一整个晚上的时间去翻译那一段,可我怎么都搞不定。你
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2:35:30
say I stared so I had I had like the whole night to try and translate one paragraph I couldn't figure it out you have to understand the the weirdness of ancient Greek all the endings the weird ways of thinking the whole picture that aha moment was eluding me at one point I thought I got it and I translated it and I gave it to the teacher next day I remember he was this kind of hippie that you'd have at Berkeley Dennis classic Professor but also a hippie the fact that you knew his first name is very telling I can only remember his first name Dennis he he's he said Robert I can see your thinking but you need to go to another level you missed you didn't have that aha moment you didn't put the whole thing together you were close but you didn't you have to try harder and that stuck in my mind forever like whenever I have a problem I have to think harder I have to go to that next level now what would happen if I had pulled out my translation of thusi and just copied that out right or what have
得明白古希腊语有多古怪,那些词尾变化,那些奇怪的思维方式,那个整体的画面,那种恍然大悟的感觉一直躲着我。有一刻我以为我懂了,我把它翻译出来,第二天交给了老师。我记得他是那种在伯克利才会有的嬉皮士,叫丹尼斯,典型的教授,但同时也是个嬉皮士,光是你知道他的名字这件事就很说明问题,我现在只记得他的名字,丹尼斯。他说:罗伯特,我能看出你思考过了,但你得再上一个层次,你错过了,你没有那种恍然大悟的时刻,你没有把整件事串起来,你很接近了,但还是没到,你得更努力一点。这句话就一直刻在我脑子里,比如每当我遇到一个问题,我就得更用力地想,我得再上一个层次。那么,如果当时我掏出一本修昔底德的现成译本,直接抄下来,会怎么样?或者如果我把它丢进ChatGPT,它把译文给我,会怎么样?我大脑里那块
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2:36:27
happened if I put it through chat GPT and it gave me the translation that muscle in my brain that I have developed for 40 years that allows me to write books would never have developed and that muscle is I don't know the answer here I have to go to another level I have to try harder I have to think I have to think I have to have that engine woring around right but if I just grab for chat GPT it's deadened and then we're going to have a whole generation of people who stop thinking who don't go through that process you know you've heard of Douglas hter I think he said people train to go to Mount Everest it takes months physical exertion it's painful then they climb M Everest they see the top whoa what a great moment he said chat PT be the equivalent of taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest without any of that training and having the same moment it's not the same right you need to go through that process you need to go through that pain and if you just and the thing of is Chad gbt we
练了40年、让我能写出书的肌肉,就永远不会练出来。那块肌肉就是:我不知道答案,那我就得再上一个层次,我得更努力,我得思考,我得思考,我得让那台引擎一直转起来。可如果我只是伸手去拿ChatGPT,它就被麻痹了,然后我们就会有整整一代停止思考的人,不再经历那个过程的人。你知道侯世达吧,我记得他说过,人们为了登珠峰要训练好几个月,体力上的付出,很痛苦,然后他们爬上珠峰,看到了顶峰,哇,多棒的时刻。他说ChatGPT就相当于坐直升机直接上到珠峰顶上,没有任何那些训练,却想要有同样的那个时刻,这不是一回事,对吧?你得经历那个过程,你得经历那份痛苦。ChatGPT的问题在于,我们自以为很现代、很高级,
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2:37:29
think we're so modern So Sophisticated but really we're just seduced by Magic you put it in there and you see the scrip going whoa It's like magic it's like a magician but it's empty it's like not your brain functioning right it's p it's the Pagan part of us we like that kind of magic as opposed to actually having to go through the thought process itself so I'm not in FA against having tools I use tools I use the internet I use Google I'm searching for like some factoid from my book I find it I use it I I like it but I've also learned to develop my brain to think to get that engine constantly moving and I'm deeply concerned about G people who can't learn a foreign language who can't master anything who just immediately grab the first answer that it generates etc etc I have concerns I am too and I was thinking a moment ago that you know like some people might hear what you just said and say oh well the same thing was probably said about the automobile like how many amazing experiences of walking from one
但其实我们只是被魔法诱惑了,你把东西输进去,看着字一行行往外冒,哇,就像变魔术,就像一个魔术师,但它是空的,那不是你的大脑在运转。那是我们身上异教徒的那一面,我们喜欢那种魔法,而不愿真正去经历思考的过程本身。所以我并不是反对使用工具,我也用工具,我用互联网,我用谷歌,比如我要给我的书找某个小知识点,我找到了,我用上了,我挺喜欢的,但我同时也学会了训练自己的大脑去思考,让那台引擎不停地转。我非常担心那些学不会外语、什么都掌握不了、只会立刻抓住系统生成的第一个答案的人,等等等等,我是有担忧的。我也是。我刚才在想,有些人听到你说的这些,可能会说,哦,当年关于汽车大概也有人这么说过,比如从一个地方走到另一个地方那些美妙的体验,
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2:38:37
place to another are going to be lost when people start driving from one place to another but I think a key difference and this certainly aligns with everything you just said is that what you're talking about is not just arriving at the same destination you're saying the destination itself is different when one exerts some effort and experiences some anxiety to get there so it's not the same as automobile versus horse versus walking versus airplane it's fundamentally different because the the journey transforms the outcome yeah yeah I I'm in agreement with you about many aspects of AI I'm also excited about it in the context of certain things I I I I agree with you it could be a tool but are we operating the tool the tool operating us is what I'm talking about I am concerned a bit too especially in the context of what we've been talking about for most of today's discussion about um avatars replacing our online personas too much um you know the Avatar of ourselves is already taking place through through filters through uh
在人们开始开车之后会失去多少。但我觉得一个关键的区别,而且这跟你刚才说的完全一致,就是你说的并不只是抵达同一个目的地,你是在说,当一个人付出努力、经历一些焦虑才到达时,目的地本身就是不同的。所以这跟汽车对马、对步行、对飞机不一样,它是本质上不同的,因为旅程本身改变了结果。对,对。在AI的很多方面我都同意你的看法,在某些事情上我也对它感到兴奋。我同意你说的,它可以是一个工具,但问题是我们在操作这个工具,还是这个工具在操作我们,这才是我想说的。我也有点担心,尤其是结合我们今天大部分时间讨论的内容,关于虚拟形象过度取代我们线上人格这件事。你知道,我们把自己变成「虚拟形象」这件事已经在发生了,通过滤镜,通过把情绪表达简化成表情符号,通过把语言
便签引用
2:39:42
reduction of emotional expression to emojis through reduction of of language to a diminished number of words to explain one's feelings you know a prior guest on this podcast um Lisa Feldman Barrett who's an expert in emotions talked about how the moment that a culture has a word for a particular subset of anxious feelings so so for instance she taught me that in Japanese there's a word for the sadness one experiences when they get a bad haircut yeah I know you know and so that normalizes the feeling and leads to feelings of less despair as opposed to what now many kids especially grow up Lear learning which I'm anxious I'm sad I'm depressed that you know in science we say there are lumpers and there are Splitters and they've been arguing for years about like is that one brain structure well if I name those two things next to each other two different things not only can I name one after myself which is what tends to happen so to speak but when you have too many lumpers or too many Splitters things are
简化到用极少的词来说明自己的感受。之前有位播客嘉宾,丽莎·费尔德曼·巴瑞特,她是研究情绪的专家,她讲过,一旦一种文化里有了一个词专门指代某一类焦虑的感受,比如她告诉我,日语里有一个词,专指人剪了个难看的发型时体会到的那种失落,对,我知道。这就让那种感受被正常化了,人也就不会那么绝望,而不像现在很多孩子从小学到的只有「我焦虑」「我难过」「我抑郁」。你知道,在科学界我们说有「合并派」,也有「拆分派」,他们争论了很多年,比如那到底算不算是一个脑结构。那好,如果我把相邻的这两样东西命名成两个不同的东西,我不但可以用自己的名字来命名其中一个——这也是常见的做法——但当你有太多的合并派或太多的拆分派时,事情要么被过度简化,要么被过度复杂化。当然,正确答案,
便签引用
2:40:38
either overly simple or overly complex that of course the right answer the the the best use of naming things arve someplace in the middle that's how a field progresses cuz if you if you lump things together too much a field can't progress you give yourself the illusion that it's progressing but it's not progressing but if you split things up into a million different subcategories like just even the word adrenaline is also called epinephrine and that's has to do with basically people arguing over who got credit crazy and it's confus people for for decades yeah and there's a there's another story there that and I know far too much about the scientists involved and the there was a love triangle about naming of certain parts of the nervous system that oh yeah people sleeping with other people's partners and love triangles have created more drama of gnomen clature in science I I could do a whole hour on this um in any case I what I'm hearing from you is that we cannot afford to lose our sense
命名这件事最好的用法,是落在中间某个位置,一个领域就是这样进步的。因为如果你把太多东西合并在一起,这个领域就无法前进,你会给自己一种它在进步的错觉,但它其实并没有进步。可如果你把东西拆成上百万个不同的小类别,比如光是「adrenaline(肾上腺素)」这个词,也被叫做「epinephrine」,这基本上就是因为有人在争谁该得到这个功劳,太荒唐了,而且它把人搞糊涂了好几十年。对,这里面还有另一个故事,我对牵涉其中的那些科学家知道得太多了,关于神经系统某些部位的命名,还牵扯出一段三角恋,哦对,就是有人跟别人的另一半上床那种事伴侣关系和三角恋在科学命名上制造了更多的戏剧性,这个话题我能讲整整一个小时,嗯,总之总之,我从你这里听到的是,我们不能失去对细微差别的感知能力,而且因为这种对
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2:41:31
of nuance and also because that sense of nuance Taps into what we're really experiencing and AI threatens that that we can become avatars of oursel well look at it this way we we worship technology it's our new religion okay and we worship chap GPT as if it's a God and seriously there's religious elements going on here what we really should worship is the human brain which is the greatest creation in the known universe I'm afraid it is the most complex piece of matter in the entire universe the number of neurons the number of synapses the number of possible connections between neurons is infinite practically infinite it is a wondrous instrument it is so powerful we've we've very scratch the surface of what we can use for it let us worship that brain that's in your head you only have so many years to use it you have so many use to develop it it is so wonderful and Powerful that can bring you such pleasure so much power in life so tools are fine we all need tools we all need we need hammers we need
细微差别的感知触及的正是我们真实的体验,而 AI 威胁到了这一点,我们可能变成自己的化身。是这样你可以这么看:我们在崇拜技术,它成了我们的新宗教,对吧,我们把 ChatGPT 当成神一样来崇拜说真的,这里面确实有宗教的成分。我们真正该崇拜的是人类的大脑,它是已知宇宙中最伟大的造物。我敢说它是整个宇宙中最复杂的一团物质——神经元的数量、突触的数量、神经元之间可能连接的数量是无限的,几乎是无限的。它是一件奇妙的仪器,强大到我们对它的用途才刚刚触及皮毛让我们去崇拜你脑袋里的那个大脑吧。你能用它的年头就那么多,能开发它的时间就那么多,它如此美妙、如此强大,能带给你那么多快乐、那么多人生的力量。所以工具没问题,我们都需要工具我们都需要,我们需要锤子、需要钉子、需要锯子等等,但真正关键的是使用它的那只手,是
便签引用
2:42:38
Nails we need saws Etc but the real thing is the hand that uses it the brain that connects the hand to the Hammer that knows how to to hit things you know I think of the of the um the great painter Renoir in the 19th century he had like a a stroke or something that the last years he couldn't move his right arm which was she painted with and it was disastrous so what he did is he put the brush in his mouth and he painted and he painted some beautiful paintings that way because his brain had mastered the art of painting not his hand but his brain had mastered it so well that he could actually paint well with the brush in his mouth because he could direct it and he he had the knowledge of how to make something perfect the brain is absolutely incredible the plasticity of the brain which I'm discovering after my stroke is absolutely a miracle you know what I don't know is it Professor Schwarz at UCLA who was studying OCD and how he was able to kind of cure people of OCD through certain plasticity exercises
把手和锤子连起来、知道该怎么敲的那个大脑。你知道吗,我想到那位,嗯,那位伟大的画家,19 世纪的雷诺阿,他好像是中风还是什么,最后几年他的右臂动不了了,而那正是他作画的手,简直是灾难。于是他做的事情是把画笔叼在嘴里,然后作画,他就那样画出了一些非常美的作品,因为掌握绘画艺术的是他的大脑,而不是他的手。他的大脑掌握得如此纯熟,以至于他真的能用嘴叼着笔画得很好,因为他能指挥它,他拥有把一样东西做到完美的那种知识。大脑绝对不可思议,大脑的可塑性——这是我中风之后才发现的——绝对是个奇迹。你知道吗,我不太确定,是不是 UCLA 的施瓦茨教授在研究强迫症,他通过某些可塑性练习,某种程度上治好了强迫症患者
便签引用
2:43:46
that he had making them aware of their kind of brain lock Etc and getting them out of it the that plasticity of the brain is by far the greatest Miracle of all and it goes on into your 60s and 70s and on onward let's all get down on our hands and knees and worship the brain and if we did it would create a complete shift in our values and we wouldn't be so instantly seduced and enamored and worshiping the technology we would worship the brains that create the technology instead of you know the other way around I certainly got a fan of brains and their uh potential for plasticity sitting over here uh I have the benefit of having my scientific great-grandparents are Hub and weasel who won the Nobel Prize for neuroplasticity during the critical period say that again so my scientific great-grandparents are David hubel and toron visel David's dead torsten's still alive he's 96 and they won the Nobel Prize for essentially discovering the critical window early in development where plasticity is especially robust
他让他们意识到自己那种“大脑卡住”的状态等等,然后帮他们摆脱出来。大脑的那种可塑性,毫无疑问是所有奇迹中最伟大的,而且一直延续到你六十多岁、七十多岁,甚至更往后。让我们都跪下来匍匐着去崇拜大脑吧。如果我们真这么做,它会彻底改变我们的价值观,我们就不会那么容易被技术勾引、迷恋、顶礼膜拜。我们会去崇拜那些创造技术的大脑而不是,你知道的,反过来。坐在这儿的我当然也是大脑及其可塑性潜力的粉丝,呃,我算是有点优势因为我的“学术曾祖父”是休伯尔和维泽尔,他们凭借关键期内的神经可塑性研究获得了诺贝尔奖再说一遍?我的学术曾祖父是大卫·休伯尔和托斯滕·维泽尔。大卫已经去世了,托斯滕还在世,96 岁了。他们获得诺贝尔奖,基本上是因为发现了发育早期的关键窗口期在那段时期可塑性格外强大。他们还做了别的工作,说实话他们应该拿两个诺贝尔奖,因为他们
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11中风、濒死与大脑造出的幻象
2:44:50
they did other things too they should have won two nobels frankly uh for their other work on Vision but um one thing that they missed however was something that you mentioned and is worth highlighting again which is that the brain maintains the capacity for immense plasticity throughout the entire lifespan that's absolutely clear the conditions change from early to later in life but your specific situation really highlights that and it's something I'd really like to um talk about for a few minutes if if you're willing um as you mentioned you experienced a stroke um and perhaps uh it was aware to some but perhaps not all especially the people just listening to this podcast and who are not watching on video that um your shirt while very nicely designed um in uh in its original state also includes some unique stitching so maybe you could share with us uh what and for those listening there's a there's a jagged line of stitching that um extends from uh Robert's uh left short sleeve to his midline to where the buttons on his
在视觉方面的其他研究。但是,嗯,他们漏掉的一件事,正是你刚才提到、值得再强调一次的,那就是大脑在人的一生中都保持着巨大的可塑性能力,这一点是绝对明确的。只是从生命早期到后期,条件会发生变化但你自己的具体情况非常好地体现了这一点,这也是我特别想花几分钟聊一聊的,如果你愿意的话。嗯,你提到你经历过一次中风,嗯,也许有些人知道,但也许并不是所有人都知道,尤其是那些只是在听这期播客、没看视频的人——嗯,你的这件衬衫,虽然设计本身就很好看,嗯,在它原本的状态之外,还多了一些特别的缝线。也许你可以跟我们讲讲,呃,对于只在听的朋友们说明一下:有一道锯齿状的缝线,嗯,从呃,罗伯特的左边短袖一直延伸到身体中线、也就是衬衫纽扣的位置,另一道从他右边的
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2:45:51
shirt are and from the from his right short sleeve also to the midline offset from one another these um this is the sort of stitching that looks like perhaps I had been at the sewing machine um and not somebody was uh skilled but they did a good job basically putting it back together why are those stitches in your shirt tell us about the stroke and let's let's talk about neuroplasticity it could also seem like a fashion statement you know but it really it isn't um well it was May of 2018 it was my birthday and my wife gave me this shirt I have a love of plaids it's like I don't know why I just love patterns and plaids must be like some Scotch part of me some ancestor thing but I love plaids C can I interrupt you just briefly forgive me everyone's going to get upset that interrupt do you know that there is a fundamental circuit in your visual cortex designed to detect plaid patterns no I did not yes and we can talk about why that is it's tightly tightly linked to your ability to perceive motion really yeah and we can
短袖同样延伸到中线,两道线彼此错开。这些,嗯,这种缝线看起来就像是我自己坐在缝纫机前缝的,嗯,不是什么熟练的人做的,但他们干得还不错,基本上把它重新拼了起来。为什么你的衬衫上有这些缝线?跟我们讲讲那次中风吧,我们来聊聊神经可塑性它看起来也可能像是某种时尚宣言,你懂的,但其实真不是。嗯,那是 2018 年 5 月,我生日,我太太送了我这件衬衫。我特别喜欢格纹,就是,我也不知道为什么,我就是喜欢图案和格纹,大概是我身上某种苏格兰血统的部分吧,某种祖先的东西,反正我就爱格纹。我能不能稍微打断你一下?抱歉,大家肯定会不爽我打断,你知不知道你的视觉皮层里有一条专门用来检测格纹图案的基础神经回路?我不知道。是真的,我们可以聊聊这是为什么,它和你感知运动的能力紧密紧密相关。真的吗?是的,我们改天
便签引用
2:46:50
go over it some other time but yeah so we'll talk about just as a cue so okay yes back to your birthday okay so she gave me a plaid shirt knowing how much I loved it and I love this shirt I love the colors in it etc etc and then two months three months later August 17 2018 I was driving my car she was with me I was pulling out into traffic I started driving and suddenly she's saying pull over Robert pull over go why why I can drive I'm fine and then suddenly everything started getting really strange everything looked strange my voice didn't sound the same and she was like freaking out but she was actually fairly calm which was amazing I was undergoing a stroke I had a blood clot that was blocking the bra blood flow to my brain I actually at one point got out of the car like I was I don't know what the hell I was thinking and then she pulled me back in and then the rest goes blank and I had had some weird Sensations that still remain with me because essentially I was on the verge of dying because blood not flowing to
可以细讲,先记个引子。好的,回到你的生日。好,于是她送了我一件格纹衬衫,因为她知道我有多喜欢。我很爱这件衬衫,喜欢它的颜色等等等等。然后两个月、三个月之后,2018 年 8 月 17 日,我开着车,她在我旁边,我正要并入车流,我开始开车,突然她说:靠边停,罗伯特,靠边停。我说为什么为什么,我能开,我没事。然后突然一切都开始变得非常奇怪,所有东西看起来都很怪,我的声音听着也不一样了,她当时都快吓疯了,但其实她相当冷静,这很了不起。我当时正在中风,我有一个血栓,堵住了流向我大脑的血我甚至一度还下了车,就像是,我也不知道我当时到底在想什么,然后她把我拉了回来,再后面就一片空白了。我有过一些很奇怪的感觉,至今还留在我身上,因为我基本上已经处在濒死边缘了,血流不到你的大脑基本就等于你完了,对吧,除非有什么事情发生得非常
便签引用
2:47:58
your brain is basically the end of you right unless something happens very quickly and she either that or you're can to get severe brain damage so she called 911 right away she recognized something my whole face was looking funny and they got there I was unconscious and essentially they took the his shirt and I just scissored the thing in half and took it off my head and then they intubated me I believe in my hip area to get something the blood clot was in my neck and they were able to free it up and they rushed me to the hospital and I'm unconscious and then um I wake up and I'm in a gurnie in the hospital and I don't for a moment I'm thinking maybe I'm dead because I'm lying in a gurnie and I almost feel like I'm in a coffin I don't know what what's going on and I have all of these weird Sensations and I I tell people we're so curious about death we think about death a lot and you know is it final what does it mean we really should pay attention to dying dying is actually much more interesting in some ways than death and
快。她……要么是那样,要么你会遭受严重的脑损伤。所以她立刻打了 911,她察觉到不对劲,我整张脸看上去都不对了。他们赶到时我已经失去意识,基本上他们就把他的衬衫,我是说,直接用剪刀把它剪成两半,从我头上脱下来,然后给我插了管,我想是在髋部那个位置进去的,好取出那个东西——血栓在我的脖子里,他们设法把它疏通了,然后把我火速送到医院。我一直昏迷着,然后,嗯我醒过来,躺在医院的推床上。有那么一瞬间我以为自己可能已经死了,因为我躺在一张推床上,感觉几乎就像我躺在棺材里。我不知道到底发生了什么,我有各种奇怪的感觉。我常跟人说,我们对死亡如此好奇,我们经常思考死亡,你知道的,它是不是终点、它意味着什么。我们真正该关注的其实是“濒死的过程”。从某些角度看,“正在死去”比“死亡”有意思得多。那些死去的人,如果过程足够长,是会经历一个过程的
便签引用
2:49:12
people who have died go through a process if it if it's long enough and people who have had near-death experience experiences like I do have gone through that process of dying and have come back to life and in the process of dying strange things happen to the brain right so particularly with a stroke or something like that where blood stops flowing to your oxygen stops flowing to your brain you have kind of visions and things that you might think are hallucinations but that later seem like actually you are actually glimpsing the reality as opposed to the illus that the brain creates so I've written about this in my new book but um my idea of the brain is that it creates endless series of Illusions for you it creates this seamless version of reality the sense of a self the sense of a continuous self Through Time right it creates a linear sense of time progressions it creates colors it creates a world that visually you can seems familiar and etc etc but it's all illusion it's all a construction right images come into your
而那些有过濒死体验的人,比如我,就经历过那个走向死亡的过程,然后又活了回来。在濒死的过程中,大脑会发生奇怪的事情,对吧。尤其是中风这类情况,血液停止流动、氧气停止输送到你的大脑,你会出现某种幻象,那些你可能以为是幻觉的东西,但后来看起来,其实你是真的瞥见了真实,而不是大脑制造的那种幻象。我在我的新书里写过这个,不过,嗯,我对大脑的看法是,它会为你制造无穷无尽的幻象。它构建出这个天衣无缝的现实版本,构建出自我感,构建出一个贯穿时间的、连续的自我,对吧。它构建出线性的时间流逝感,它创造颜色,它创造一个在视觉上看起来熟悉的世界,等等等等,但这一切都是幻象,都是构建出来的,对吧。图像进入你的大脑时并没有任何
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2:50:23
brain and they're not organized in any way and the Brain organizes in a way that you can understand it well when you're dying all of that scrambles up and you actually are seeing something else so I saw for instance that I really don't have a self that it doesn't really actually exist that I'm and the image that came to my mind because it was in sitting in that gurnie was a weird feel feeling of like I can almost not explain it but it's as if you took an image of something real in the world and you completely scrambled it up and it was all wavy and you couldn't see what exactly it was to me that was the image I had of the self there are like 50 different selves inside of you that are all competing and you think there's just one and you think it's consistent but there's not it's an illusion the self is literally an illusion that your brain constructs when you're dying you see these things when you're dying you see other things like that you see that time is something very weird so I had experience of when I
组织,是大脑把它们组织成你能理解的样子。而当你濒死的时候,这一切都被打乱了你实际上看到的是别的东西。比如说我就看到,我其实并没有一个“自我”,它其实并不真正存在。当时我坐在那张推床上,浮现在我脑海里的画面是一种很怪的感觉,就像是,我几乎没法解释,但就好像你拿了一张世界上某个真实事物的图像,然后把它彻底打乱,全都变成波浪状,你完全看不清它到底是什么。对我来说,这就是我心中“自我”的那个画面。你体内大概有五十个不同的自我在互相竞争,而你以为只有一个,你以为它是连贯一致的,其实并不是,那是幻象。自我真的就是你的大脑构建出来的一种幻象。濒死的时候你会看到这些东西。濒死的时候你还会看到别的,比如你会发现时间是一种非常怪异的东西。我的经历是,我下了车又被拉回车里,我以为只过了大概 10 秒钟,我
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2:51:29
got out of the car and I got pulled in I thought like 10 seconds had passed my wife told me no those those was like 10 minutes I had no sense of time everything was scrambled and so it was very very El it taught me so much things that I can I can barely even expressed now I'm always now thinking of strange things that come to me because my brain was damaged it made me realize that the brain creates everything so I can't communicate with my hand my fingers I can't communicate my brain can't communicate with my leg right so you think that walking and writing and handling things is just your your body operating a certain way it's your brain telling you how to move these different things when that brain stops functioning you realize how much your brain determines everything it all starts there and when there's damage to your brain your whole thinking Alters Etc not to mention how you look at life itself after something like that so it was a terrible experience it's ruined so many things that I loved in life but it's
太太告诉我,不,那大概有 10 分钟。我完全没有时间感,一切都被打乱了。所以那非常非常……它教会了我太多东西多到我现在几乎都表达不出来。我现在总会冒出一些奇怪的想法,因为我的大脑��过损伤。它让我意识到,是大脑创造了一切。比如我没法和我的手、我的手指沟通,我没法沟通,我的大脑没法和我的腿沟通,对吧。所以你以为走路、写字、拿东西只是你的身体以某种方式在运作,其实是你的大脑在告诉这些部位该怎么动。当那个大脑停止正常运作时你才意识到你的大脑在多大程度上决定了一切,一切都从那里开始。当你的大脑受损时,你整个思维方式都会改变,等等,更别说经历那样的事之后你看待人生本身的方式了。所以那是一段可怕的经历,它毁掉了我人生中许多我热爱的东西,但它同样也回馈给我极多的东西,多到我可以聊上好几个小时
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2:52:42
given me an awful lot as well in return that I could go on for hours and talk about because it was the most powerful experience of my life when you were going through your reemergence to Consciousness in the hospital did you feel as if you were observing these multiple versions of yourself um maybe a different way to phrase it is did you feel you were sort of behind the circuit board that is your brain observing how you normally function and you could see multiple versions of self or was it something else where you sort of outside of your body and brain I think it was more outside of my body and brain I also had this other thing that happened where I you know sometimes you can't reme your memory might be playing tricks on you so I've also have to realize that maybe I'm not remembering exactly what happened or that I've since translated in a different way so that's a caveat here and I'm aware of it but I had this Vision that I was dead at first when I first became conscious and that I was up
因为那是我这辈子最有冲击力的一段经历。当你在医院里重新恢复意识的时候你是否感觉自己在旁观这些不同版本的自己?嗯,换个说法:你是否感觉自己有点像是站在大脑这块电路板的背后,旁观自己平常是怎么运作的,因而能看到多个版本的自我?还是说是另一种情况,你有点像是在自己的身体和大脑之外?我觉得更像是在我的身体和大脑之外。我还有另外一件事,就是,你知道,有时候你记不清,你的记忆可能会跟你开玩笑,所以我也得承认也许我记得的并不完全是当时发生的事,或者我后来把它翻译成了另一种说法,这算是一个前提说明,我自己也清楚这一点。但我刚恢复意识时有过这样一个幻象:一开始我觉得自己死了,而且我在
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2:53:47
in the sky and I was looking down and my mother and my wife were talking and was like over my grave I suppose and I had this feeling huh everything's okay I'm gone but life goes on they're they're doing fine it's okay right so I don't know about that sense of self whether it was like I'm aware of it happening but I have a feeling it was something from the outside I don't really know the answer to that because it's very confused the other feeling I had was life when I was having the stroke was life draining out of me and my bones getting softer and softer and softer and I can't really logically explain that the feeling of Bones softening up and dissolving but for weeks and months afterwards I could access that feeling of my bones dissolving Etc it was a feeling of all your energy draining out of you and you're dying literally so um reading books about near-death experiences cuz that's a lot of what I'm big part of my next book God is it's fascinating there's so many interesting things to go
天上往下看,我母亲和我太太在说话,大概是在我的墓前吧。我当时有一种感觉:嗯,一切都还好,我走了,但生活还在继续,她们过得挺好,没事的,对吧。所以关于那种自我感,我也说不清,是不是那种“我意识到它正在发生”,但我感觉它更像是从外部来的。我真的不知道答案,因为那一切都太混乱了。我还有另一种感觉:当我中风的时候,感觉生命正在从我体内流失,我的骨头变得越来越软、越来越软,我没办法用逻辑解释那种骨头变软、正在溶解的感觉。但在之后的好几周、好几个月里,我都还能重新唤起那种骨头正在溶解的感觉,等等。那是一种所有能量都从你身上流走、你真的正在死去的感觉。所以,嗯,读那些关于濒死体验的书——那也是我下一本书很大的一部分内容——天哪,太迷人了里面有太多有意思的东西可以深入,因为它能教给我们太多。我特别高兴,第一,你从中风中活了下来;第二,你的心智机能……他
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2:54:57
in because it teaches us so much I'm so glad a you survived your stroke B that your mental faculties he's not more grateful than I am I tell I probably not but still very grateful so there it just um illustrates how grateful you must be um B that you've maintained if not grown your mental fact faculties I mean you seem extremely sharp um I promise you you're not missing a beat uh you know one always wonders right actually one of the most common fears people have is that somehow they're losing their mind or their memory and people aren't and they aren't aware of it you know you hear I have family members who have asked that if they ever start to exhibit signs of severe dementia that I um well put an end to them which I won't um that's not my place in this world um but I think it's a common fear among uh among people but you're still extremely sharp uh and thank good for it and you mentioned that um while you've lost certain abilities that new appreciation and new abilities have surfaced um could you perhaps share
不可能比我更庆幸。我说,大概是不能,但我也非常庆幸。所以这恰恰,嗯,说明了你一定有多么庆幸。嗯,第二点是你保住了、甚至可以说增强了你的心智机能。我是说你看起来极其敏锐,嗯,我向你保证你一点都没打折扣。呃,你知道,人总会担心,对吧。其实人们最常见的恐惧之一,就是自己是不是正在丧失心智或者记忆,而那些真正在衰退的人往往自己并不知道。你知道,我有家人跟我说过,如果他们哪天开始出现严重痴呆的迹象,让我,嗯,了结他们。我不会那么做的,嗯,那不是我在这世上该做的事。嗯,但我觉得这在人们中间是一种很普遍的恐惧。不过你依然极其敏锐,呃这真是太好了。你提到,嗯,虽然你失去了某些能力,但也浮现出了新的领悟和新的能力嗯,你能不能跟我们分享一下都有哪些,以及它们对你意味着什么?嗯,因为我觉得当
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2:55:58
what some of those are and and what they mean to you um because I think that when one hears about somebody having a stroke we tend to focus on what's what's lacking but clearly this has been a transformative experience also in positive ways well uh I had to confront some of my own demons I had to confront the sense that um I expected things out of life and here they're taken away and I'm I'm I'm kind of ungrateful for being alive and here I'm pissed off that it takes me 10 minutes to tie my shoes and I can't really button my shirt I had to learn what really matters and to have patience and stuff the other thing was I used to love hiking I was very physically active and I'm sitting at my window in my office and see people running up and down bicycling walking their dogs God I'm so envious if I had if I could walk a dog right now I'd be the happiest person alive but then I go through a thought process which maybe isn't completely healthy which is they're not aware of how wonderful it is just to walk a dog but I'm aware of it
人们听说某人中风时,我们往往会聚焦在缺失了什么,但显然这段经历在积极的层面上也是一种脱胎换骨。嗯,我不得不直面自己内心的一些心魔。我不得不面对这样一种心态:嗯,我对人生有所期待,而现在这些被夺走了,我,我有点不懂得为“还活着”而感恩,反倒在这里为系个鞋带要花十分钟、衬衫扣子都扣不上而发火。我必须学会什么才是真正重要的,学会耐心之类的。另一件事是,我以前特别喜欢徒步,我身体非常活跃,而现在我坐在办公室的窗边,看着人们跑来跑去、骑车、遛狗,天哪,我太羡慕了。如果我现在能去遛狗,我会是世上最幸福的人。但接着我会进入一种思路,也许这种思路并不完全健康,那就是:他们意识不到仅仅是遛个狗有多美好,而我意识到了
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2:57:07
so when I go out in my backyard and I can't walk and I'm seeing like I know this is going to sound really trically and sentimental but I see you know butterflies or things in my garden I'm like wow that's incredible you know things like that that I I couldn't appreciate before because I'm I'm sedentary and I can't move I have to suddenly pay attention to what's around me not take it for granted and find and suck all the pleasure out of it that I can so now when I sit at my desk to write my new book it's 4 hours because that's all I can stand maybe three sometimes those 4 hours are like such Bliss for me I truly appreciate it now because I know that my brain was almost gone right so it means so much for me and to just be alive you know is is is is just a wondrous experience I have a chapter in my new book called awaken to the strangeness of being alive and it's about the fact that if you think about it and how unlikely it is that we humans evolved at all even that we even exist all the bottlenecks and evolution that
所以当我走到后院、虽然我走不了路,我看到——我知道这听起来会很老套很煽情——但我看到,你知道,蝴蝶啊,花园里的一些东西,我就会想,哇,太不可思议了,就是这类以前我不会……以前从没体会过,因为我现在是坐着不动的,动不了,我必须突然开始留意周围的一切,不再把它们视作理所当然,去发现它们,并从中榨取出我所能得到的全部快乐。所以现在我坐在书桌前写我的新书时,就是四个小时,因为我最多只能撑这么久,有时候可能只有三个小时。但那四个小时对我来说简直是一种极乐,我现在是真心珍惜它,因为我知道我的大脑差点就没了,对吧?所以这对我意义重大。而仅仅是活着这件事,你知道,就已经是一种奇妙的体验了。我新书里有一章叫《觉察活着这件事的奇异》,讲的是如果你仔细想想,我们人类能演化出来、甚至能存在,这本身是多么不可思议的事——我们必须穿过的那些瓶颈和演化关口,包括恐龙的消失和
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2:58:24
we had to pass through including The Disappearance of the dinosaurs and the emergence of manimals but there are 20 other huge bottlenecks throughout the history of evolution we had to pass through all of those we nearly went extinct 80,000 years ago from some virus that infected there were only 8,000 people humans on the planet all these different things and here we are with zoom meetings etc etc it's like the strangest story you can ever it's beyond science fiction but nobody thinks about it nobody sits down and goes God I'm alive if you went back to the chain of people that had to connect and have children leading up to your parents the unlikeliness of you ever being born is astronomical I mean unless my science is all wrong you know 70,000 generations of people meeting etc etc finally ending at your DNA I mean unless I'm missing something it's it's pretty unlikely but nobody thinks about it well I certainly think about it now because I almost died I have nothing else to think about that's I have to
哺乳动物的出现。但在整个演化史上,还有另外二十个巨大的瓶颈,我们都得一一闯过。八万年前我们差点因为某种病毒而灭绝,当时地球上只剩下八千个人类。所有这些林林总总的事情,而如今我们在这儿开 Zoom 会议等等等等。这简直是你能想到的最离奇的故事,比科幻还科幻,可是没人去想这件事。没人会坐下来感叹:天哪,我居然活着。如果你往回追溯那一条条必须相遇、必须生下孩子、一直延续到你父母的人类链条,你能出生的概率简直是天文数字级别的低。我是说,除非我的科学常识全错了,你知道,七万代人的相遇,等等等等,最后终于汇聚成你的 DNA。我是说,除非我漏了什么,这概率真的相当低。但没人去想这件事。而我现在当然会去想,因为我差点死掉。我也没别的可想的了,我得给我的大脑找点事做,就像米尔顿·
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2:59:32
entertain my brain the way Milton Ericson had to entertain himself by observing people so it's taken a lot away from me I can't swim I'm writing my my recumbent bike which I love and 80-year-old grandmothers are zipping by me and God damn it how awful I'm so envious I'm so my insecurities all well up but then I realize hey I'm I'm like I'm I'm like on a boat I'm sailing it's wonderful I'm outside you know I have to go through these processes but I think it's developed me in some way that's that's in the end very positive sounds like you've had to adjust to a new frame rate on life like that the the old movie had a certain frame rate this movie has a certain frame rate but that within that frame rate there are gifts to be that you certainly missed in your prior version of self is that is that a yeah but also like I tell people this I totally took my life for granted I I was swimming all this time I was fantastic I was bicycling I was traveling but I never sat back and thought wow this is
艾瑞克森(Milton Erickson)只能靠观察人来给自己找乐子一样。所以这件事从我身上夺走了很多。我不能游泳了,我只能骑我的躺式自行车——我很喜欢它——然后八十岁的老奶奶嗖地从我旁边超过去,我心想天哪,太惨了,我羡慕死了,我所有的不安全感都涌上来。但接着我意识到,嘿,我这就像是坐在船上,像在扬帆航行,多美好啊,我在户外呢。你知道,我必须经历这些心理过程,但我觉得这在某种程度上让我成长了,最终是非常正面的。听起来就像你不得不适应生命的新帧率——以前那部电影有一个帧率,现在这部电影是另一个帧率,但在这个帧率里,也有一些礼物是你在过去的自己身上肯定错过的。是这样吗?是的,不过我也常跟人说:我以前完全把自己的人生当成理所当然。我一直在游泳,感觉棒极了,我骑车,我旅行,但我从来没有停下来想过:哇,这真是
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12死地:把自己逼到退无可退
3:00:38
wonderful how grateful it is could be taken away from you I tell people don't do that to yourself I try and teach them it can be taken away from you tomorrow when you're out walking the think of me think of me that can't walk the dog and appreciate those things which I didn't appreciate so I try and help people in that way when I can you know I think uh critical message is also to inspire a sense of urgency in people you know I think people hear a sense of urgency and they go oh God I'm already under so much pressure life's so hard but we're not talking about a sense of urgency to take on more of what life has to offer uh I think we're talking about a sense of urgency to find one's purpose which takes work and is an ongoing process but to really get out of modes of apathy laziness um languishing and to start as you've described it paying deeper attention I mean this is a a concept that was super important for me to hear about and I learned about it from you was how do you get yourself out of a rut you start
太美好了,我该多么感恩,因为它随时可能被夺走。我跟人说,别对自己做这种事,我试着教他们,它明天就可能被夺走。当你出门散步的时候,想想我,想想我这个没法遛狗的人,然后去珍惜那些我当初没有珍惜的东西。所以在我力所能及的时候,我会用这种方式帮助别人。你知道,我觉得呃,一个关键的信息还有在人们心中激发一种紧迫感,你知道,我觉得人们一听到紧迫感就会想,天哪,我已经压力这么大了,生活这么难了,但我们说的并不是要你更紧迫地去承担生活抛给你的更多东西,呃,我想我们说的是一种去寻找自己人生目标的紧迫感,这需要付出努力,是一个持续的过程,但它能让你真正走出冷漠、懒惰、呃,萎靡不振的状态,开始像你描述的那样,去更深入地留意。我是说,这个概念对我来说特别重要,而且我是从你那里学到的,就是你要怎样把自己从低谷里拉出来——你要开始更深入地去留意周围的事物和你内心的东西,而且呃,或许
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3:01:46
paying deeper attention to the things around you and inside you and um perhaps not coincidentally you referred to that as quote death ground yeah so um it's what it's a strategy from my book I wrote wrote a book on strategy my version of The Art of War it's called 33 Strategies of War but it's really about strategy the Strategic thinking it's inspired from sunu the great Chinese strategist but it has vast philosophy iCal implications the idea is you can almost think of it like barometric pressure when necessity is pressing in on you like your back is against the wall like you have to get something done and there's like this pressure around you you find energy in there that you never believed before William James talks about this when he talks about getting a second wind he explains it very eloquently when you feel like your life's in danger suddenly you can you can leap over things that you never could leap over before so sunsu says put an Army on death ground and it will fight and until
并非巧合,你把那称为所谓的“死地”。是的,所以呃,这是我书里的一个策略,我写过一本关于谋略的书,我自己版本的《孙子兵法》,叫《战争的33条战略》,但它其实讲的是战略、战略性思维,灵感来自孙子,那位伟大的中国战略家,但它有着广泛的哲学层面的意义。这个想法你几乎可以把它想成气压——当必要性向你逼来,就像你背靠墙壁,就像你必须把某件事做成,周围有这么一股压力,你会在其中找到一种你以前从不相信自己拥有的能量。威廉·詹姆斯谈到过这一点,他讲到所谓的“第二口气”,他解释得非常精辟——当你觉得自己命悬一线时,你突然能跨过那些你以前根本跨不过去的东西。所以孙子说,把军队置于死地,它就会拼死作战,直到取胜。意思是把一支军队
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3:02:58
it's it wins meaning put an army with its back to the ocean or a back to the mountain and it's either win or die they're going to fight 10 times harder you're going to find the energy in you that you normally lack when death is facing you in the face or urgency or deadlines or people pressing in on you when that barometric pressure loosens up and there's none of it you think you have all the time in the world you get nothing done wow man I'm 23 I've got all these years ahead of me I'm going to figure it out right I'm not going to die I got 50 70 80 years ahead of me no you don't that pressure now is gone and you're wasting time you're you're you're doing all sorts of things that aren't leading to any kind of skill you're not learning or anything you need to put yourself on death ground you need to feel that barometric pressure which is the actual reality the actual reality is you could die tomorrow you could have a stroke tomorrow you you could be fired tomorrow everything could fall apart you
背靠大海或背靠高山地摆开,要么赢要么死,他们就会拼命十倍地打。当死亡逼到你面前,或者紧迫感、或者截止日期、或者有人在给你施压,你会在自己身上找到平时缺乏的能量。而当那种气压松弛下来,一点都没有了,你就会觉得自己有的是时间,于是你什么也做不成。哇,老兄,我才23岁,我前面还有这么多年,我会想明白的,对吧,我又不会马上死,我前面还有50年、70年、80年。不,你没有。那种压力现在没有了,你在浪费时间,你你在做各种各样的事,却没有通向任何一种技能,你没在学任何东西。你需要把自己置于死地,你需要感受到那种气压,而那才是真正的现实。真正的现实是你明天就可能死,你明天可能中风,你可能明天就被开除,一切都可能分崩离析。你
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3:04:01
need to have that sense of urgency now because that's the reality you're fooling yourself by thinking you have all of this time and so when you feel that pressure suddenly you can move mountains you you have energy your life you you know you just have Focus Etc neurologically everything Clicks in you know and people who've had that experience where they've where they felt like the the ship was going under and they better get their act together and survive they talk about all these physical processes I have a story in my new book I I hope I'm not boring you here with all no quite the opposite about a mountain climber who um he he he was climbing this mountain by himself and he was having a great time but there was a storm coming and he had to get down and he suddenly fell and he cut his leg open massively and there was like a branch sticking in it and he he broke all these bones and he was he was going to die he was on a Ledge he could see that it was getting dark and and storm clouds were were massing there
需要现在就有那种紧迫感,因为那才是现实。你以为自己有大把时间,那是在自欺欺人。所以当你感受到那种压力时,你突然就能移山填海,你有了能量,你的生活,你,你知道,你就是有了专注力等等。从神经学上讲,一切都会到位,你知道。那些有过这种经历的人,那些曾经觉得船要沉了、自己必须振作起来活下去的人,他们都会讲到这些身体上的反应。我书里有一个故事我的新书——我希望我这样一直讲没让你听烦——不会,恰恰相反——讲的是一个登山者,他在爬一座山独自一人,他当时爬得挺尽兴,但有暴风雨要来了,他必须下山,结果他突然摔了下去他的腿被划开一道大口子,好像还有根树枝插在里面,他浑身好多骨头都断了,他眼看就要死了他困在一处岩架上,他能看到天色渐渐暗下来,暴风云正在聚集,眼看就要下来了
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3:05:11
was going to be this was in the Rocky Mountains he was alone and suddenly he met managed to get up on his two feet and he can't explain how but all of this energy all this adrenaline started flowing in him and he said he was like a mountain goat he was like going down the ledge he he jumped he was able to kind of get down to another ledge he he got it he got out of it and for the for the next 20 years he was haunted by how did that happen I want that feeling again because it was actually the most ecstatic feeling I had energy that I never suspected in myself and so he tries everything to get that feeling back he tries climbing other mounts he tries going to to Mount Everest he tries and it doesn't come back and finally he kind of figures out the formula for it and why it happened he studies a lot of Neuroscience it's a great book I'm using it in my new book it's called bone bone games it's very interesting book a lot of Science in it um and he got the feeling back in a smaller sense but it was the feeling of your life is
那是在落基山脉,他孤身一人,结果突然间他居然站了起来,他自己也说不清是怎么回事,但所有这些能量、这些肾上腺素开始在他体内涌动,他说他当时就像一只山羊,顺着岩架往下走他往下跳,硬是跳到了另一处岩架上,他做到了,他脱险了,而在接下来的二十年里,他一直被一个问题困扰着:那到底是怎么发生的?我还想再体验一次那种感觉,因为那其实是最让人欣快的感觉,我体内涌出了一股我从来都不知道自己拥有的能量。所以他想尽一切办法要找回那种感觉,他去爬别的山他去爬珠穆朗玛峰,他一直在尝试,但那种感觉就是回不来了,最后他大致摸索出了其中的规律以及当年为什么会那样。他研究了大量神经科学,这是一本很棒的书,我在我的新书里引用了它,书名叫《Bone Games》(骨头游戏)非常有意思的一本书,里面有很多科学内容。他后来在较小的程度上找回了那种感觉,但那种感觉的核心是:你的生命
便签引用
3:06:22
in danger I better get my act together or it's the end and suddenly adrenaline dopamine all the other things were occurring in him and he got and and he found that energy so um that's that's the ultimate kind of death ground right there the human will to live is truly incredible and so now I have to say as I said before I'm so grateful that your stroke didn't take you out because clearly there's still so much in there and you're continuing to share uh what is really exquisitly useful knowledge oh thank you it's just it's just kind of astonishing to me I started off today's discussion expressing my gratitude for what you've already done for my life and for the lives of so many other people through your books you know it's clear you've been on a a for foraging exploration and that foraging for organizing and communicating information mainly in the form of written books but also online content you have a terrific YouTube channel which I subscribe to and follow and um and listen to um with wrapped
处在危险之中,我最好赶紧振作起来,否则就完蛋了——然后突然之间,肾上腺素、多巴胺以及其他所有的东西都在他身上涌现,他找到了那股能量。所以,那可以说是终极意义上的“死地”人求生的意志真是难以置信。所以我现在得说,就像我之前说的,我特别庆幸你那次中风没有把你带走因为很显然你身上还有太多东西,你还在继续分享真正精妙有用的知识——哦,谢谢你这对我来说简直有点不可思议。我在今天对谈一开始就表达了我的感激之情,感谢你已经为我的人生、以及通过你的书为许许多多人的人生所做的一切。很明显,你一直在进行一种觅食式的探索,而这种觅食的目的是整理和传播信息,主要是以书籍写作的形式,但也包括网上的内容——你有一个非常棒的 YouTube 频道,我订阅并一直关注我听得全神贯注。还有你分享信息的其他平台,包括
便签引用
3:07:35
attention uh and the other venues with which you share information including this one today are really truly valuable and appreciated so I I want to say on behalf of myself and um for those that have known you in your work for a number of years but also for the many people that are now sure to um know who you are and what you're about that it's just so clear that like this stuff comes from the heart and that it whatever early seed planted this you know um that we're all grateful for and better off as a consequence of that that seed so uh I could make this list very very long with the the number of specific ways in which you've um improved the journey through life and made it clearer I mean you know life is certainly can be hard but it also can be really confusing and I feel that the the Robert Green uh road map even though it's but one road map is an extremely valuable map to have and to use certainly has been for me so um just an enormous thank you Robert thanks for sharing today and thanks for all you do
今天这个,都真的非常有价值,让人心怀感激。所以我想代表我自己,也代表那些多年来一直了解你和你作品的人,同时也代表现在必定会认识你、了解你在做什么的许多人说一句这一切显然都是发自内心的,无论最初是什么种子播下了这一切,我们都心怀感激,并因那颗种子而受益。所以,我可以把这份清单列得非常非常长,列出你在多少具体的方面改善了我们的人生旅程,让它变得更清晰。我是说,你知道,人生就是确实会很难,但也可能真的让人很困惑,我觉得罗伯特·格林的这套路线图,虽然它只是众多路线图中的一张,但它是一张极其有价值、值得拥有和使用的地图,对我来说当然是这样,所以真的非常感谢你,罗伯特,感谢你今天的分享,也感谢你所做的一切,以及你仍在做的和将来必定会做的一切。哦,谢谢你,我
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3:08:41
and all that you're still doing and sure to do in the future oh thank you I I wish I could find the word for explaining the kind of weird emotions that I'm feeling when I hear that there isn't maybe Yiddish maybe if for CLT or something I don't know but thank you yeah well we'll have to have you back here again uh when your next book comes out um can't wait but we will wait okay yeah hopefully I'm still around I I I'm confident you will be okay okay good thank you come back thanks very much I hope I will thank you for joining me for today's discussion with Robert Green I hope you found conversation to be as stimulating as I did if you're learning from and are enjoying this podcast please subscribe to our YouTube channel that's a terrific zeroc costway to support us in addition please subscribe to the podcast on both Spotify and apple and on both Spotify and apple you can leave us up to a festar review please also check out the sponsors mentioned at the beginning and throughout today's episode that's the best way to support
真希望我能找到合适的词来形容听到这些时心里那种奇妙的情绪,也许意第绪语里有,或者凯尔特语里有什么词,我也不知道,但谢谢你。是啊,等你下一本书出版的时候,我们一定得再请你来一次。等不及了,不过我们会等的。好,希望那时候我还在。我相信你会在的。好的,好谢谢,欢迎再来。非常感谢,希望我能来。感谢各位收看我今天与罗伯特·格林的这场对话,我希望你觉得这次对话和我一样受启发。如果你从这档播客中有所收获,也很享受它请订阅我们的 YouTube 频道,那是支持我们的绝佳零成本方式。此外也请订阅我们在 Spotify 和 Apple 上的播客,在 Spotify 和 Apple 上你都可以给我们留下最高五星的评价,拜托了也请看看今天这期节目开头和中途提到的赞助商,那是支持这档播客的最佳方式
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3:09:39
this podcast if you have questions for me or comments about the podcast or guests or topics that you'd like me to consider for the hubman Lab podcast please please put those in the comment section on YouTube I do read all the comments not on today's episode but on many previous episodes of The hubman Lab podcast we discuss supplements while supplements aren't necessary for everybody many people derive tremendous benefit from them for things like improving sleep for hormone support and for Focus to see the supplements discussed on the huberman Lab podcast you can go to live momentus spelled o us so that's Liv mous.com huberman if you're not already following me on social media I am huberman lab on all social media platforms forms so that's Instagram X threads LinkedIn and Facebook and on all those platforms I discuss science and science related tools some of which overlaps with the content of the huberman Lab podcast but much of which is distinct from the content on the hubman Lab podcast again
如果你对我有疑问,或对播客、嘉宾有意见,或者有你希望我为 Huberman Lab 播客考虑的话题,请一定把它们写在 YouTube 的评论区,我确实会看所有的评论——不是今天这期,而是《Huberman Lab》播客之前的很多期节目里,我们都讨论过补剂,虽然补剂并不是每个人都需要,但很多人确实从中获益良多,比如改善睡眠、支持激素水平,以及提升专注力。想了解《Huberman Lab》播客里讨论过的补剂,可以访问 Live Momentous,拼写是 o-u-s,也就是 livemomentous.com/huberman。如果你还没有在社交媒体上关注我,我在所有社交平台上的账号都是 Huberman Lab,包括 Instagram、X、Threads、LinkedIn 和 Facebook。在这些平台上我会分享科学知识和与科学相关的实用工具,其中一部分和《Huberman Lab》播客的内容重合,但还有很多是播客里没有的内容。再说一次,所有社交平台上都是 Huberman Lab。如果你还没有订阅我们每月的 Neural Network
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3:10:32
it's huberman lab on all social media platforms if you haven't already subscribed to our monthly neural network newsletter the neural network newsletter is a zeroc cost monthly newsletter that includes podcast summaries as well as toolkits the toolkits are brief PDFs that you can download give you tools for things like neuroplasticity and learning for managing dopamine for enhancing sleep for physical performance flexibility deliberate cold exposure and on and on to join the neural network newsletter you simply go to huberman lab.com go to the menu tab scroll down to newsletter and enter your email we do not share your email with anybody thank you once again for joining me for today's discussion with Robert Green and last but certainly not least thank you for your interest in science [Music]
通讯,Neural Network 通讯是一份完全免费的月度通讯,内容包括播客摘要以及工具包。这些工具包是简短的 PDF,可以下载,为你提供关于神经可塑性与学习、多巴胺管理、改善睡眠、身体表现、柔韧性、主动冷暴露等等方面的实用工具。要订阅 Neural Network通讯,只需访问 hubermanlab.com,点开菜单栏,向下滚动到 Newsletter,输入你的邮箱即可。我们不会把你的邮箱分享给任何人。再次感谢你收听今天我与 Robert Greene 的对话,最后同样重要的是,感谢你对科学的关注。[音乐]
便签引用
视频总结 · 一句话概括与核心要点

一句话概括

罗伯特·格林(《权力的48条法则》《人性的法则》《精通》作者)与休伯曼讨论如何挖掘童年那颗「独特的种子」以确定人生任务,并把它延伸到权力、诱惑、亲密关系、非语言沟通、AI 与思考能力,以及他 2018 年中风后对「活着」的重新理解。

核心要点

  • 人生任务不是职业规划,而是一台内部雷达。 格林说人一旦找到它,早晨醒来就知道要完成什么,别人抛来的干扰能直接切掉;它不给你「28 岁该拿到哪个职位」的答案,只给方向,让你在 20 多岁可以放心试错。他本人到 38、39 岁才找准路径。
  • 方法论是「考古」:回到七岁之前的冲动之声。 借马斯洛的 impulse voices 概念——六岁的格林痴迷于拆字、倒拼、回文;爱因斯坦四岁收到父亲给的指南针,被「看不见的力量」击中;乔布斯在伯林盖姆橱窗前被电子器件的设计催眠;老虎伍兹看父亲在车库打球时尖叫。七岁后老师、父母、同龄人的声音逐层覆盖,到进入职场时只剩「我要赚钱」这一个指南针,容易走上情感断裂的路。
  • 情绪投入直接改变学习速率。 格林在大学学了三四年法语,到巴黎一句话说不出;后来因为想留在那里、有女友要交流,一个月学到的比四年还多。他的判断是情绪参与时大脑学得快两到四倍——这也是为什么找到「本源倾向」后,人才熬得住枯燥和纪律。
  • 参照霍华德·加德纳的五种智力框架,找到大脑纹理的走向。 语言的、抽象/数学的、动觉的、社交的等等;通常有一种占主导,顺着这个纹理走才有力量。恨也是有效信号——格林恨新闻业、恨好莱坞、恨办公室政治和自我膨胀,这些塑造了他的方向——但前提是童年先有过「爱」的体验,否则「被逼学数学」的痛苦会泛化成憎恨学习本身。
  • 真崇高与假崇高的分界是「从内还是从外」。 他正在写的新书把「崇高」定义为文化圆圈之外、门槛上的东西(sublime 词源即「在门槛上」),濒死体验是其原型。真崇高由自身经验生成,一次就终身留存(马斯洛的高峰体验);假崇高来自外部——药物、酒精、购物、网络怒火、投身某个宣泄性的事业——特征是必须不断加量且永不满足。
  • 权力被他重新定义为「对环境的一点控制权」,而非支配。 每个人都有这个需求却因羞耻而不承认,压抑后就以被动攻击的方式冒出来。《权力的48条法则》大部分内容其实是防守:如何不盖过主人的风头、如何不话多、如何用展示代替争辩。他自称属于非鲨鱼的那 95%。
  • 诱惑的前提是脆弱,而脆弱需要底气。 他引马林诺夫斯基:禁忌一进入大脑,欲望随之而起(「别想大象」)。被诱惑者必然是共谋者——不打开自己就什么都不会发生。他刻意强迫自己被不喜欢的作者(点名史蒂芬·平克)「诱惑」,去看对方可能正确的地方。休伯曼补充:愿意被带走的前提,是相信自己能回来。
  • 非语言沟通是可训练的肌肉,而虚拟社交让它萎缩。 人类有符号语言只有三万五千到四万年,此前全靠读信号。米尔顿·艾利克森 19 岁患小儿麻痹全身瘫痪、连眼球都动不了,用两年时间纯观察,学会了「二十种『是』和一百种『不』」,后来行医时被认为有通灵能力。可练的具体项:把电视静音式地观察人;从侧后方喊人名字,捕捉那 1/150 秒的微表情;看脚尖朝向(想逃);真笑会点亮整张脸而非只有嘴;深度自恋者的眼睛是「死的」——看穿你而不是看你。
  • 择偶要看「深达性格的汇合点」,不是表层标签。 不是同为民主党还是共和党(太肤浅),而是对动物的态度、对钱的态度、对舒适与冒险的偏好、幽默感——这些无法伪装、改不掉。格林第一次约会就把现在的妻子带回家看他的猫,看她的反应。他还举罗斯福选择埃莉诺(当时被视为「丑小鸭」,而他是人人追逐的英俊富家子)作为看性格而非外表的例子。同时要留神对方在社交场合是否换了一副面孔,以及是否还留有让你想继续探究的「未被看尽的角落」。
  • 焦虑的处理方式决定一个人能否思考,这也是他对 AI 最大的担忧。 焦虑是「你还没搞懂某件事」的信号;不安全的人会抓住第一个现成答案来消除它,于是停在 A 层;能忍住焦虑的人才走到 B、C 层。他自述写作过程「95% 是痛苦,2.5% 是狂喜」,第一稿糟糕到令自己憎恨自己,要磨两个月。他 19 岁在伯克利用六周修完一年古希腊语,卡在修昔底德一段上,老师说「你思路我看得见,但你没到那一层,再想」——这句话塑造了他四十年的思考肌肉。引侯世达的比喻:ChatGPT 相当于坐直升机上珠峰顶,风景一样,训练与蜕变全无。判断 AI 是否具备智能的三条标准:能否承受焦虑并推进到第三层、能否自知偏见与自身阴暗面、能否有整体性的「啊哈」时刻(用薇依的立方体比喻:你永远只能看到一个面,整体只存在于心智中)。

结论与值得注意的细节

中风与「濒死作为方法」。 2018 年 8 月 17 日,格林开车时颈部血栓阻断脑供血;妻子察觉他面部异样、叫来 911,急救人员剪开了他两个月前刚收到的生日礼物——一件格子衬衫,后来被缝回去,他现在穿着它,接缝清晰可见。(休伯曼插了一句:视觉皮层里有专门检测格子图案的回路,与运动感知紧密相关。)

他从垂死过程中得出的结论是:大脑平时在制造无缝的幻觉——连续的自我、线性的时间、颜色、可理解的世界;而濒死时这些解体,他「看见」自我其实是五十个互相竞争的自我,而非一个;时间感彻底错乱(他以为过了 10 秒,实际 10 分钟);还有骨头在软化溶解的感觉,此后数月仍可随时调取。他明确加了限定:记忆可能在事后改写,这是需要注意的前提。

代价与所得。 他不能游泳、系鞋带要十分钟、扣不上扣子、看着窗外遛狗的人嫉妒得要命、骑卧式自行车被八十岁老太太超车。但每天能写作的三四个小时成了「极乐」,完成一章的满足感强过任何药物体验。他对读者的嘱托是:别等到被夺走才懂得珍惜。

「死地」(death ground)作为对治拖延的策略。 出自《战争的33条策略》,源于孙子:把军队置于背水背山之地,它会拼死十倍作战。威廉·詹姆斯讲的「第二次呼吸」同理。他引用一本叫《Bone Games》的书:一位登山者独自在落基山摔断骨、腿被树枝刺穿、暴风将至,忽然像山羊一样跃下山崖脱险,此后二十年想尽办法重获那种状态而不得。格林的推论是——「你可能明天就死」才是真实情况,23 岁觉得还有五十年是自我欺骗,而气压一松,什么都干不成。

几处实用的附带处方: 学会「忽略的艺术」——他删了 Nextdoor(每条推送都是偷窃、咬人、袭击,让人以为自己住在 1980 年代的贝鲁特),对乌克兰的愤怒则转化为捐钱和只读理性文章,避免让算法把人钉在红色警报上;把阴影面(攻击性、嫉妒、自大)导入作品或组织行动,而不是任其在网上消耗。导师要一系列而非一个:中学英语老师教他写作、伯克利的教授成了智识父亲、图书策划人 y steers 救了他的第一本书;这是「替代父母」,可以随成长更换,且关键不在语言而在非语言地吸收对方的能量。而关注与追随不同——真正的师徒关系要有社交勇气,要当面开口求助。

核心句型 · 9
1. … for several reasons, not the least of which is that …
“Robert Green's books are both unique and important for several reasons not the least of which is that they explore the interaction between the psychology of self-exploration and the psychology of human interaction”
列举理由时突出其中最重要的一条。not the least of which 是正式书面表达,比 especially 更有分量,适合书评、推荐信、项目陈述。
2. … wouldn't exist were it not for …
“This podcast probably wouldn't exist were it not for Mastery”
虚拟条件句的倒装形式,等于 if it were not for。省略 if 并把 were 提前,语气更正式、也更有致敬感,适合表达「若没有某人某物就没有今天」。
3. It's not like …, it's actually …
“It's not like life becomes boring and it's just about discipline and solving problems it's actually the most exciting thing that can ever happen to you”
先否定对方可能有的误解,再给出真正的主张。口语辩论中最常用的纠偏结构,仿写时前半句要写成读者心里真会冒出的那句误解。
4. It's necessary but not sufficient.
“But that's not sufficient it's necessary but not sufficient”
逻辑学的标准表述:必要而不充分。用来承认对方说的有道理却不足以成立,比「话是这么说但是」精确得多,适合论文与论辩写作。
5. the moment …, …
“The moment a taboo enters the human brain like you're not supposed to sleep with this woman the desire arises inside of you”
the moment 引导时间状语从句,等于 as soon as,强调两件事几乎同时发生。用于描述机制性的因果,语感比 when 更紧凑有力。
6. learn twice, three times, four times as fast as …
“The brain learns twice three times four times as fast as when you're not”
倍数比较的地道说法:倍数 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as。注意不要写成 faster as。连用递增倍数是口语里加强语势的常见做法。
7. If I had a dollar for every time …
“How many if I had a dollar for every time someone in that I knew in my life saying like you know I know they're bad for me but I just can't”
英语固定夸张句式,表示「这种事我见得太多了」。后半句通常省略结论(我早就发财了),仿写时直接接 someone said/did … 即可。
8. short of …, how are you going to …?
“Short of a magic substance that could increase feelings of connectedness among everyone simultaneously how are you going to save Humanity Robert”
short of 表示「除非有…否则」,先排除一个不现实的方案,再抛出真正的难题。提问与写作中都很有力,能显出你已经想过显而易见的答案。
9. I can't emphasize enough how … that … is
“I can't emphasize enough how valuable that practice is”
双重否定式的强调结构,意为「再怎么强调也不为过」。比 very important 高一个书面层级,适合总结建议时收束。
词汇精讲 · 200 · 按出现顺序
pertains /pərˈteɪnz/ v. 0:00
与…相关;适用于(pertain to sb/sth)
gleaned /ɡliːnd/ v. 1:00
(辛苦地)搜集到、领悟到(信息)
rendered /ˈrendərd/ v. 1:00
使…处于某种状态;此处指中风使他受限
contend with phr. 1:57
应对、对付(难题或挑战)
forage /ˈfɔːrɪdʒ/ v. 6:37
觅食;引申为四处搜寻(信息)
segue /ˈseɡweɪ/ n./v. 7:39
(话题的)自然过渡、承接
blushing /ˈblʌʃɪŋ/ v. 8:48
脸红;因受夸奖而不好意思
overwhelming /ˌoʊvərˈwelmɪŋ/ adj. 8:48
令人不知所措的;压倒性的
impulse voices n. phr. 10:53
冲动之声(马斯洛术语:童年内在的喜恶信号)
veers /vɪrz/ v. 12:02
(方向)偏转、偏向(veer towards)
impelling /ɪmˈpelɪŋ/ v. 12:02
驱使、推动(比 push 更内在、更强烈)
anagrams /ˈænəɡræmz/ n. 12:02
变位词(重排字母构成的新词)
mesmerized /ˈmezməraɪzd/ adj. 13:04
被迷住的、看得入神的
hypnotized /ˈhɪpnətaɪzd/ adj. 13:04
被催眠般吸引住的
Primal /ˈpraɪməl/ adj. 15:04
原始的、最根本的(primal instinct 原始本能)
archaeology /ˌɑːrkiˈɑːlədʒi/ n. 17:14
考古学;此处比喻向童年层层挖掘
plopped /plɑːpt/ v. 18:11
(不加挑选地)扔进、丢进(be plopped into)
terrestrial /təˈrestriəl/ adj. 18:11
陆生的;地球的
amphibian /æmˈfɪbiən/ n. 18:11
两栖动物
flora and fauna n. phr. 19:12
(某地的)植物与动物;动植物群
snorkeling /ˈsnɔːrkəlɪŋ/ n. 19:12
浮潜
visceral /ˈvɪsərəl/ adj. 21:13
发自内脏的、直觉本能的(非理性推导的)
tedium /ˈtiːdiəm/ n. 21:13
单调乏味、沉闷
withstand /wɪðˈstænd/ v. 21:13
经受住、顶得住
vulture /ˈvʌltʃər/ n. 22:16
秃鹫;比喻趁人之危者
transmute /trænzˈmjuːt/ v. 22:16
使变形、转化为(另一种性质的东西)
kinesthetically /ˌkɪnəsˈθetɪkli/ adv. 23:22
动觉地;就身体运动感知而言
intriguing /ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/ adj. 23:22
引人入胜的、耐人寻味的
smarminess /ˈsmɑːrminəs/ n. 26:38
油滑做作、谄媚讨好的做派
agitation /ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 27:45
躁动不安;心绪激动
neurochemicals /ˌnʊroʊˈkemɪklz/ n. 27:45
神经化学物质(神经递质与调质)
rewire /ˌriːˈwaɪər/ v. 27:45
重新布线;比喻重塑大脑连接
gratification /ˌɡrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 28:44
满足感(instant gratification 即时满足)
attuned /əˈtuːnd/ adj. 29:49
契合的、敏感于…的(be attuned to)
unadulterated /ˌʌnəˈdʌltəreɪtɪd/ adj. 32:49
未掺杂的、纯粹的
protracted /proʊˈtræktɪd/ adj. 33:57
拖长的、旷日持久的
contaminated /kənˈtæmɪneɪtɪd/ adj. 34:55
被污染的、被掺入杂质的
Sublime /səˈblaɪm/ n./adj. 34:55
崇高(美学概念:超出日常边界的敬畏体验)
conventions /kənˈvenʃnz/ n. 36:01
惯例、约定俗成的规范
threshold /ˈθreʃhoʊld/ n. 36:01
门槛;临界点(on the threshold of 处在…的边缘)
quintessential /ˌkwɪntɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 36:01
最典型的、最能代表本质的
transcendental /ˌtrænsenˈdentl/ adj. 37:11
超越性的、超验的
banal /bəˈnɑːl/ adj. 37:11
平庸乏味的、老套的
mortality /mɔːrˈtæləti/ n. 37:11
必死性;死亡率
Paleolithic /ˌpeɪliəˈlɪθɪk/ adj. 38:15
旧石器时代的
illusion /ɪˈluːʒn/ n. 39:27
幻觉、错觉
permanence /ˈpɜːrmənəns/ n. 41:31
恒久性、持久不变
go off on a tangent phr. 41:31
突然扯远、跑题
immersed /ɪˈmɜːrst/ adj. 42:31
全神贯注的、沉浸其中的
wondrous /ˈwʌndrəs/ adj. 42:31
奇妙的、令人惊叹的(书面语)
brace /breɪs/ v. 44:43
(心理上)绷紧、做好准备(brace oneself)
covert /ˈkoʊvɜːrt/ adj. 44:43
隐蔽的、暗中的(与 overt 相对)
compels /kəmˈpelz/ v. 46:49
迫使、驱使(做某事)
resentment /rɪˈzentmənt/ n. 47:56
怨恨、不满
inadvertently /ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtntli/ adv. 49:00
无意中、不经意地
envelops /ɪnˈveləps/ v. 49:00
包裹、笼罩
suppression /səˈpreʃn/ n. 50:00
压抑、抑制
outshining the master phr. 51:08
锋芒盖过主子(《权力的48条法则》第一条)
venting /ˈventɪŋ/ v. 51:08
发泄(情绪)
runt /rʌnt/ n. 53:18
(同窝中)最瘦小的一只;瘦小的人
inferiority /ɪnˌfɪriˈɔːrəti/ n. 54:17
自卑;低劣(sense of inferiority 自卑感)
propensity /prəˈpensəti/ n. 55:24
倾向、癖性(a propensity to do sth)
hardwired /ˌhɑːrdˈwaɪərd/ adj. 55:24
天生固化的、写死在硬件里的
hypothalamus /ˌhaɪpoʊˈθæləməs/ n. 55:24
下丘脑(调控摄食、交配、攻击等本能行为)
nomenclature /ˈnoʊmənkleɪtʃər/ n. 55:24
(学科的)命名体系、术语系统
armchair /ˈɑːrmtʃer/ adj. 56:30
纸上谈兵的(armchair intellectual 不做实证的空谈者)
taboos /təˈbuːz/ n. 56:30
禁忌
incest /ˈɪnsest/ n. 56:30
乱伦
perverse /pərˈvɜːrs/ adj. 57:44
反常的、故意唱反调的、乖张的
transgressive /trænzˈɡresɪv/ adj. 57:44
越界的、违规犯禁的
complicit /kəmˈplɪsɪt/ adj. 57:44
共谋的、有份参与的
ingrained /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/ adj. 59:56
根深蒂固的
connotations /ˌkɑːnəˈteɪʃnz/ n. 59:56
言外之意、隐含的褒贬色彩
invulnerable /ɪnˈvʌlnərəbl/ adj. 59:56
刀枪不入的、无法被伤害的
surrender /səˈrendər/ v./n. 1:01:05
投降;(心理上)交出主导、放手臣服
detrimental /ˌdetrɪˈmentl/ adj. 1:02:13
有害的(be detrimental to)
hijacked /ˈhaɪdʒækt/ v. 1:02:13
劫持;(注意力等)被夺走
stricken /ˈstrɪkən/ adj. 1:03:13
被(灾祸、情绪)击中的;深受困扰的
nefarious /nəˈferiəs/ adj. 1:05:04
邪恶的、不正当的
adornments /əˈdɔːrnmənts/ n. 1:05:04
装饰物、修饰打扮
archetype /ˈɑːrkitaɪp/ n. 1:05:04
原型、典型范式
topping from the bottom phr. 1:08:08
由下位者实际主导(表面被支配、实则操控)
elaborate /ɪˈlæbəreɪt/ v. 1:08:08
详细说明、展开讲(elaborate on sth)
wield /wiːld/ v. 1:09:14
行使(权力);挥舞(武器)
luring /ˈlʊrɪŋ/ v. 1:09:14
引诱、诱使(lure sb into)
intertwined /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/ adj. 1:10:25
交织在一起的、密不可分的
egalitarian /iˌɡælɪˈteriən/ adj. 1:10:25
主张人人平等的、平均主义的
virtuoso /ˌvɜːrtʃuˈoʊsoʊ/ n. 1:11:32
技艺大师、行家里手
mounting /ˈmaʊntɪŋ/ n. 1:11:32
(动物的)爬跨行为
scruffing /ˈskrʌfɪŋ/ v. 1:11:32
叼住(后颈皮)以控制对方
substantiates /səbˈstænʃieɪts/ v. 1:12:40
证实、为…提供依据
membrane /ˈmembreɪn/ n. 1:14:51
(细胞)膜
permeates /ˈpɜːrmieɪts/ v. 1:14:51
渗透、弥漫于
permeable /ˈpɜːrmiəbl/ adj. 1:16:06
可渗透的;比喻向他人敞开
entanglement /ɪnˈtæŋɡlmənt/ n. 1:16:06
纠缠(物理学量子纠缠);纠葛
surmount /sərˈmaʊnt/ v. 1:16:06
克服、超越(surmount an obstacle)
ascribe /əˈskraɪb/ v. 1:17:15
把…归因于(ascribe sth to sth)
psychedelics /ˌsaɪkəˈdelɪks/ n. 1:19:36
致幻剂、迷幻药物
hookup culture n. phr. 1:19:36
随意性关系文化、约炮文化
nitpicky /ˈnɪtpɪki/ adj. 1:20:39
吹毛求疵的、挑刺的
rebound /rɪˈbaʊnd/ v. 1:21:41
反弹、重新振作
portrayal /pɔːrˈtreɪəl/ n. 1:22:47
描绘、刻画
therapeutic /ˌθerəˈpjuːtɪk/ adj. 1:22:47
有疗愈作用的
advocating /ˈædvəkeɪtɪŋ/ v. 1:23:55
提倡、主张
alienation /ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn/ n. 1:25:10
疏离、异化
communal /kəˈmjuːnl/ adj. 1:25:10
共同体的、群体共享的
partisan /ˈpɑːrtəzn/ adj. 1:25:10
党派偏见的、党同伐异的
divisive /dɪˈvaɪsɪv/ adj. 1:25:10
造成分裂的、挑起对立的
pendulum /ˈpendʒələm/ n. 1:26:21
钟摆(喻风向来回摆动)
wrecking ball n. phr. 1:26:21
拆楼铁球(喻边摆动边造成破坏)
bombarded /bɑːmˈbɑːrdɪd/ v. 1:28:19
(信息)连番轰炸(be bombarded with)
tantalizing /ˈtæntəlaɪzɪŋ/ adj. 1:28:19
撩人的、可望而不可即地诱人
yank /jæŋk/ v. 1:29:17
猛拉、硬拽(yank oneself out of)
algorithmically /ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪkli/ adv. 1:30:12
按算法地
rabbit holes n. phr. 1:32:21
兔子洞:让人越陷越深、难以脱身的话题或内容流
channeling /ˈtʃænəlɪŋ/ v. 1:32:21
引导(能量、情绪)流向某处
grandiosity /ˌɡrændiˈɑːsəti/ n. 1:32:21
自大、浮夸的自我膨胀
pro-social /ˌproʊˈsoʊʃl/ adj. 1:33:26
亲社会的、有利于他人的
repress /rɪˈpres/ v. 1:34:35
压抑(情感、冲动)
counteract /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/ v. 1:35:40
抵消、对抗
resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/ n. 1:35:40
韧性、复原力
hysterical /hɪˈsterɪkl/ adj. 1:36:52
歇斯底里的、情绪失控的
stoicism /ˈstoʊɪsɪzəm/ n. 1:36:52
斯多葛主义;泰然忍受的态度
venerate /ˈvenəreɪt/ v. 1:36:52
崇敬、推崇
dignified /ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪd/ adj. 1:38:00
有尊严的、庄重得体的
empathetic /ˌempəˈθetɪk/ adj. 1:38:00
有同理心的
out of thin air phr. 1:39:14
凭空地、无中生有地
discern /dɪˈsɜːrn/ v. 1:40:20
辨别、分辨出(细微差别)
semblance /ˈsembləns/ n. 1:42:21
表象、些许相似(no semblance of 毫无…的样子)
discernment /dɪˈsɜːrnmənt/ n. 1:42:21
辨别力、识人的眼光
surrogate /ˈsɜːrəɡət/ adj. 1:44:17
代理的、替代的(surrogate father 代理父亲)
glomming /ˈɡlɑːmɪŋ/ v. 1:45:22
(口语)黏上、死死跟住(glom onto sb)
emulate /ˈemjuleɪt/ v. 1:46:24
效仿、以…为榜样力求赶上
cranky /ˈkræŋki/ adj. 1:47:18
暴躁的、易怒的
mentee /menˈtiː/ n. 1:49:23
被指导者、受教于导师的人
refine /rɪˈfaɪn/ v. 1:52:32
提炼、打磨(想法)
regresses /rɪˈɡresɪz/ v. 1:54:38
退行、倒退回更早的状态
ecstasy /ˈekstəsi/ n. 1:55:38
狂喜、极乐
palatable /ˈpælətəbl/ adj. 1:55:38
可口的;引申为勉强能接受的
missed the mark phr. 1:56:46
没打中靶心、没说到点子上
inertia /ɪˈnɜːrʃə/ n. 1:57:49
惯性;惰性
convergence /kənˈvɜːrdʒəns/ n. 1:58:48
汇合、契合点
entail /ɪnˈteɪl/ v. 2:01:05
必然涉及、需要(entail doing sth)
moralizing /ˈmɔːrəlaɪzɪŋ/ v. 2:02:09
说教、做道德评判
polio /ˈpoʊlioʊ/ n. 2:03:16
脊髓灰质炎、小儿麻痹症
ugly duckling n. phr. 2:03:16
丑小鸭(不被看好、后来出众的人)
court /kɔːrt/ v. 2:03:16
追求(某人);争取(支持)
fizzle out phr. v. 2:05:23
(气势)渐渐消失、虎头蛇尾地结束
dividends /ˈdɪvɪdendz/ n. 2:05:23
红利;回报(pay dividends 带来长期回报)
feline /ˈfiːlaɪn/ adj. 2:06:32
猫科的;猫一般的(轻盈、神秘)
trophy wife n. phr. 2:07:41
花瓶妻子(被当作身份象征的年轻貌美配偶)
introspection /ˌɪntrəˈspekʃn/ n. 2:07:41
内省、自我省察
deceptive /dɪˈseptɪv/ adj. 2:09:47
具欺骗性的、容易使人误判的
slippery /ˈslɪpəri/ adj. 2:09:47
滑头的、难以捉摸的
attentive /əˈtentɪv/ adj. 2:10:50
留心的、专注观察的(be attentive to)
enchantment /ɪnˈtʃæntmənt/ n. 2:11:54
魔力、着迷的状态
intrigue /ɪnˈtriːɡ/ v. 2:11:54
引起…的强烈兴趣、令人好奇
Continuum /kənˈtɪnjuəm/ n. 2:13:00
连续谱、程度渐变的序列
anti-authoritarian /ˌænti əˌθɔːrəˈteriən/ adj. 2:13:58
反权威的
tranquility /træŋˈkwɪləti/ n. 2:13:58
宁静、安详
eloquent /ˈeləkwənt/ adj. 2:13:58
雄辩的;(无言而)极具说明力的
streak /striːk/ n. 2:15:06
(性格中的)一股劲儿、一种倾向
eerie /ˈɪri/ adj. 2:16:11
诡异的、令人发毛的
dismaying /dɪsˈmeɪɪŋ/ adj. 2:16:11
令人沮丧惊愕的
pervasiveness /pərˈveɪsɪvnəs/ n. 2:16:11
弥漫性、持续渗透的状态
decipher /dɪˈsaɪfər/ v. 2:18:14
破译、解读(难懂的信息)
telepathic /ˌteləˈpæθɪk/ adj. 2:18:14
心灵感应的
trembling /ˈtrembəlɪŋ/ adj. 2:18:14
颤抖的
oozing /ˈuːzɪŋ/ v. 2:19:18
(慢慢地)渗出、不自觉流露
bastardization /ˌbæstərdəˈzeɪʃn/ n. 2:20:27
(对原意的)拙劣篡改、走样化
hypnotherapy /ˌhɪpnoʊˈθerəpi/ n. 2:20:27
催眠治疗
intonation /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn/ n. 2:20:27
语调、声调起伏
paralyzed /ˈpærəlaɪzd/ adj. 2:20:27
瘫痪的
micro expressions n. phr. 2:21:34
微表情(极短暂、难以掩饰的面部动作)
cues /kjuːz/ n. 2:21:34
线索、提示信号
disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn/ n. 2:22:43
轻蔑、不屑
posture /ˈpɑːstʃər/ n. 2:22:43
姿态、体态
narcissist /ˈnɑːrsɪsɪst/ n. 2:23:48
自恋者
alluring /əˈlʊrɪŋ/ adj. 2:23:48
诱人的、有魅惑力的
cranial /ˈkreɪniəl/ adj. 2:24:49
颅骨的(cranial vault 颅腔)
dilate /daɪˈleɪt/ v. 2:24:49
(瞳孔等)扩张、放大
constrict /kənˈstrɪkt/ v. 2:24:49
收缩、使变窄
arousal /əˈraʊzl/ n. 2:24:49
(生理/神经的)唤醒水平、激活程度
intuitions /ˌɪntuˈɪʃnz/ n. 2:25:47
直觉、直觉判断
grates /ɡreɪts/ v. 2:26:53
(声音)刺耳、令人不适(grate on sb)
subcortical /sʌbˈkɔːrtɪkl/ adj. 2:27:59
皮层下的(指更古老、非意识主导的脑区)
atrophies /ˈætrəfiz/ v. 2:30:11
萎缩、退化
deficient /dɪˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 2:30:11
不足的、有缺陷的
gauging /ˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ/ v. 2:31:20
估量、判断(人的状态)
nuances /ˈnuːɑːnsɪz/ n. 2:31:20
细微差别、微妙之处
confirmation bias n. phr. 2:32:20
确认偏误:只接纳支持既有看法的证据
recency bias n. phr. 2:32:20
近因偏误:过度看重最近发生的信息
holistic /hoʊˈlɪstɪk/ adj. 2:33:21
整体的、通盘看待的
aha moment n. phr. 2:33:21
顿悟瞬间、恍然大悟的时刻
paradigm shift n. phr. 2:34:26
范式转换、根本认知框架的转变
eluding /ɪˈluːdɪŋ/ v. 2:35:30
(答案、词语)躲开、想不起来
deadened /ˈdednd/ v. 2:36:27
使麻木、削弱(感觉或能力)
exertion /ɪɡˈzɜːrʃn/ n. 2:36:27
(体力或脑力的)付出、用力
factoid /ˈfæktɔɪd/ n. 2:37:29
小知识点、零碎事实
Pagan /ˈpeɪɡən/ adj. 2:37:29
异教的;引申为迷信巫术式的
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