44 Harsh Truths About The Game Of Life - Naval Ravikant (4K) · 苏菲拉底
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44 Harsh Truths About The Game Of Life - Naval Ravikant (4K)

节目发布 2025-03-31 · Chris Williamson
纳瓦尔·拉维坎特 克克里斯·威廉森
EDITED TRANSCRIPT · 依据现场录音编译整理,可划线生成便签

注意力才是人生的货币

主持人: 在一个新闻饱和的时代,不在乎新闻是一场战斗吗?这些东西二十四小时不停,通过你口袋里的设备直接灌进你的意识。我们今天谈的很多都是自由,从那些你无法控制、不该操心、也不想操心的事情里解放出来的自由。可人们几乎是被淹到鼻孔以下,快要在忧虑里溺死了。

纳瓦尔: 就像你说的,人脑并没有演化到能实时处理全世界所有的紧急事件。你不可能在乎所有事,你要是试图在乎,你会疯掉。这不是说你完全不该在乎,没有什么「应该」。你想在乎,那就去在乎。

我只会说,你大概最好只在乎那些本地的事,或者那些你能影响的事。所以如果你真的在乎新闻里的某件事,那就尽管去在乎,但你要去做出改变,去做点什么。而且要确认那是你压倒性的欲望,你不要同时还有另外五个欲望。

另外也要认清后果:在那件事被解决之前,你会一直不快乐,而那件事往往不在你的控制之内。欲望就是一纸合同,签下的是「在得到它之前我不快乐」。

主持人: 但大部分时候,那是你自己生活里的事,比如在我减肥成功之前,在我拿到那份工作之前。

纳瓦尔: 外部的也一样。如果条件是「在大气二氧化碳浓度降到某个数值之前」,那就很难办了。或者那些患了特朗普错乱症的人,他在他们脑子里白住,把他们逼疯。我理解这种感觉,确实也有政客把我逼疯过。但这代价非常高,而且那是你控制不了、也真的影响不了的东西。所以至少对它保持自觉,大概是好的。

主持人: 你刚才提到史学家。我有个朋友有个问题,相当于彼得·蒂尔那个「有什么是你相信而大多数人不同意的」。他的版本是:你认为有什么是当下被媒体忽略、但将来会被历史学家研究的?

纳瓦尔: 你现在就在问我这个问题。媒体只关注非常即时的事,所以要看你想谈即时的还是永恒的。

简单举例,如果只看未来五到十年里会带来巨大差别、而人们关注不够的东西,我认为两年之内这就会变得很明显。这是在做预测,预测很难,几年后我得吃下自己的话,所以我大概是错的。但有几件事是我关注、而我觉得很多人没有关注的。

一件是现代医学有多糟。我觉得人们对现代医学的信心,远超它应得的程度。我们对很多问题最好的办法就是手术,就是把东西切掉。而且切的还是那些被认为多余的东西:你其实不需要胆囊,不需要阑尾,不需要扁桃体。这是错的。

主持人: 那种「冗余器官」的说法。

纳瓦尔: 人体非常非常高效,那些东西全都是需要的。所以我认为现代医学的状态仍然相当糟。

生物学里我们没有多少好的解释性理论。我们有疾病的细菌理论,有演化论,有细胞学说,有 DNA 和遗传学,有形态发生、胚胎发生,然后就没多少了。其余全是经验法则和背诵:A 影响 B,B 影响 C,C 影响 D,但我们不理解底下的解释。那都是词指向词、词再指向词。

所以生物学仍处在相当可悲的状态。而且因为我们不被允许承担可能致人死亡的风险,我们在生物学上的实验做得太少了,很多疗法直接被大型监管机构禁掉,所以我们没有创新。我认为在生物学上我们还在石器时代,路还长得很。我觉得后人回看会惊骇。

这也是布莱恩·约翰逊的观点,他说我们得更极端一点,要试着永生,我们必须更敢实验,我从我自己这个样本量为一的人开始,在自己身上做实验。不过即便如此,我在很多事上不同意布莱恩,比如吃大量补剂。我认为脱离了天然语境的补剂,我们其实并不了解,直接吃肝脏就好了。但那没关系,我也不会去当素食者。我真的很欣赏他在实验,他心态很好,什么都公开分享,我们需要更多这样的人。所以生物学的现状,后人会说,哇,那是黑暗时代。

第二件我们会回头看的事:我认为我们仍然低估了无人机在战争中会有多重要。所有战争的未来都是无人机,战场上不会再有别的东西。因为我把无人机的终局想成「自主子弹」,不是制导,是自主的,是自己决定方向的。如果我们正走向那样一个未来,那为什么还要保有一支军队?不会有航空母舰,不会有坦克,不会有步兵,只有自主子弹。你的自主子弹打我的自主子弹,哪边赢了,另一边就投降,因为结束了。

第三件可能出乎意料的,是 GLP-1 类药物,这个我们私下聊过。我认为它们是自抗生素以来最具突破性的药物,可能比他汀更重要,它们简直是奇迹药。当然有副作用,但相对于它们的好处,副作用小得多,而且好处远不止减重。它们似乎还能打断成瘾,似乎能降低多种癌症风险,在一定程度上从代谢层面逆转衰老。我认为它们会把医疗成本曲线掰弯。

未来五年人们会追问的大问题是:为什么美国人每月要为此付几千美元,而海外的人几乎免费拿到,或者我可以从中国以极低价格订到?如果我是伯尼·桑德斯,我要竞选的纲领就是:好,我们付给诺和诺德和礼来几千亿美元,然后把这些药免费发放。而且有效的类似物有上百种,不会只限于今天在用的那几种。挑一两种,把它们免费化,我认为会带来很大的改变。

而正如我们之前聊到的,这件事让很多人很不舒服,那些用老办法达成目标的人,他们想把肥胖看作个人的道德失败,而这会降低他们的地位。

主持人: 那个信号变得不那么有信号价值了。

纳瓦尔: 完全正确。所以他们有动机说:噢,你不知道它的副作用,推荐它是不负责任的,它会致癌,等着掉骨量和肌肉吧。但这些说法基本都不真实。癌症那部分实际上是有益的。我认识一些人现在是为了抗衰老在用,他们本来就很健康,只是想老得更好、有更强的胰岛素代谢。

现在有证据表明这些药能推迟痴呆、阿尔茨海默病、结肠癌,太惊人了,还有心血管疾病,好处的清单长得离谱。天下没有免费的午餐,但这是一类能阻止你把别的东西摄入体内的药:它阻止你摄入过多的糖、过多的热量,在一个丰裕的时代里;它让人不想抽烟;甚至有一家叫 Casper 的机构正在做海洛因成瘾的研究,显示它能降低阿片类过量和海洛因成瘾。所以大量的医学证据正在涌出来。我不知道确切数字,但我想大概有百分之十的人口可能已经试过这些东西了。

主持人: 我看到的数字也是这个,规模很大。我记得大约有一半的人说他们愿意试。

纳瓦尔: 正是。所以我认为身体自爱运动已经死了,而我们大概一直知道那是个骗局。

主持人: 它正在飞快地死去。

纳瓦尔: 我有句俏皮话:你永远不会太有钱、太瘦、或者太干净。结果一大堆人在我的提及里炸了:什么叫太瘦?卫生假说怎么说?当然凡事都有例外,但人们就是想要瘦和健康,人们就是想要干净,这回到我们刚才关于病原体的讨论。

所以总体上我认为对这些药的需求会极其巨大,而我们的现代医疗体系并不是为供应它们而建的。

主持人: 我并不怪药厂,我认为药厂做了他们的本分,把东西造了出来。

纳瓦尔: 但下一步我们需要有人站出来,想办法让它大规模、廉价地普及,而不是只让那些肥胖到能让医保签字的人、或者能自费付高价的人用得上。

主持人: 把更安全的 GLP-1 类药物在社会层面铺开,收益大到哪个政客把这件事办成,就会得到丰厚的回报。

纳瓦尔: 肥胖是全世界营养不良的头号来源,肥胖人口是饥饿人口的两倍。大约有五亿人在挨饿,而肥胖的有十亿。

主持人: 那么多问题都是它的下游。你看联邦预算里有多少钱花在肾衰竭的透析上,而那是为什么?是因为糖尿病。

纳瓦尔: 所以现代社会我们面临的很多问题都是肥胖的下游。而且你知道健身有多重要。是的,在某些人身上这些药确实会造成肌肉和骨量流失,但在那些吃高蛋白、认真训练的人身上不会。所以它们可以被更安全地使用。而且有些版本,比如最早那个利拉鲁肽,已经存在几十年了,其他的也有十年左右。加上你说的,已经有百分之十的人口在用,它们已经分布得相当广了。

主持人: 样本量不小。

纳瓦尔: 样本量很大,你还想要什么?如果你有个细菌感染正在吃掉你,我不会说,噢,我有这个抗生素,但它会升高你的血压。不,把抗生素吃了。如果你要自杀,我会说,吃这个抗精神病药,多活一阵,把问题解决掉。我不会说,噢,它会让你心率每分钟快三下,我不担心那个。同样,如果你正在用毒素和过量的东西毒害自己,不管是海洛因、酒精、香烟、糖,还是纯粹的热量,那就用 GLP-1。

它们还能改善消化,通过你胃里的食物量更少了。它们全面降低癌症风险,相当多种癌症的风险都降低了。还有心血管方面。我不知道还能怎么说。

主持人: 每次谈 GLP-1,我都对那种负面反应感到很意外。

纳瓦尔: 想想有多少神圣的牛被捅了。所有那些说「你应该更努力、你应该像我一样健身」的人,他们的地位被拉低了。想想那些营养师、医生和教练,他们某种意义上被逐出这门生意了,因为这变得太容易了。这有点像美国军方为什么还在不停买航空母舰:存在激励偏差,存在非常强的动机驱动推理。但那不重要,百分之十的人已经在用了,人人都想健康,它会像野火一样蔓延。

剪断过去那个结

主持人: 你刚才讲的时候我在想,很多人在健康上被自己的成长方式俘获:小时候的习惯,爸妈怎么做,基因倾向等等。我觉得你也有足够多的理由,为早年那些难处感到自己被亏待过。摆脱自己的过去是一种技能吗?也就是不被自己的历史所占有,不抱着受害者心态。

纳瓦尔: 我确实有过一个艰难的童年,但我不去想它。我觉得这里有两件事。一是我确实处理过它,我想过它,但我想它是为了摆脱它,不是为了沉溺、为了咀嚼。

我想要成功,我比任何事都更想超越那一切。所以我不能背着那个负担,我必须把它卸掉。所以我处理它的程度,是以摆脱它为明确目的,不是为了造一个身份或故事,也不是为了反复回味,更不是为了说「你们看看我,看看我做成了什么,看我多了不起」。

我把它甩掉了。而且我觉得到了某个时刻,你跟那个东西角力过之后,你会意识到,你永远不可能把整个结解开,这是一个戈耳狄俄斯之结的问题。亚历山大在印度发现了那个缠死的结,人们说著名的征服者会来解开这个结,别人谁也解不开。他看了一眼,抽出剑,直接把它斩断了。

所以到某个时刻,如果你的过去在困扰你,你只能把它剪断。你最终会厌倦去解那个结,你会把它扔掉,因为你会意识到人生很短;而且你想在这一生里完成的事越多,你能用来拆解那个东西的时间就越少。我只是真的想把事情做出来,所以我没时间处理它,于是我就把它剪了。

主持人: 像一段很糟的关系。

纳瓦尔: 只不过这一次,是跟你自己历史的糟糕关系。所以你把它扔掉。

主持人: 我们今天谈的很多都是人生的短暂,是每一刻的珍贵。你写过:你人生中最根本的资源不是时间,是注意力。

纳瓦尔: 没错。我过去以为人生的货币是钱,是的,钱很重要,它确实能让你用某些东西换来时间,但它并不真的买得到时间。去问问沃伦·巴菲特或者迈克尔·布隆伯格,钱能给他们买来多少时间。他们富可敌国,但他们买不到更多时间。布莱恩·约翰逊那种情况另说。

所以你不能拿钱换时间,钱不是人生真正的货币。而时间本身也没那么大意义,因为像我们前面说的,很多时间是被浪费掉的,因为你并没有真的在场,你没有在注意。

所以人生真正的货币是注意力,是你选择把注意力放在什么上面,以及你为此做了什么。回到新闻媒体那一点:你可以把注意力放在新闻上,但那就是你在花人生真正的货币,你只要对此有自觉就好。你想那样花,也没问题,这里没有对错。也许你的命运就是从新闻里挑一件事,去了解那个问题,认领那个问题,然后解决它。但要小心,因为注意力是你唯一拥有的东西,而它同样可能被你自己的过去俘获。

主持人: 是的,你可以把它随便挥霍在任何东西上。

从输家起步的好处

主持人: 从输家起步有优势吗?

纳瓦尔: 绝对有。因为如果你是个输家,你就会想当赢家,然后你会发展出那些让你成为所谓赢家的品性。

话虽如此,我不会判我的孩子去受这个。我不认为你能人为制造它。这就好比,想象三百年前你生为农奴,后来你设法从农庄逃出来,成了地主,最终成了小贵族。你会把你的孩子送回农庄、让他再当一次农奴吗?

我知道大家都爱听那种故事,孩子自己也爱那种故事,因为可以说我是从苦日子里熬出来的,我爸让我去铲了一个夏天的干草。那不是真的。你骗不了他们。

我认为你能做的,只是培养一种对已有之物的欣赏和感激。而唯一的办法就是你自己活给他们看:你怎么花钱,你怎么尊重它,你拿它做什么,你怎么对待别人,你为谁负责。

你拥有的资源越多,你能照顾的部落就越大。当你没有资源时,你连自己都难养活,在那个阶段自私是好的,因为你连自己都救不了,就救不了别人。所以你先照顾好自己,成为最好的自己。

但有太多身强力壮、又有点钱的男人,什么也不做。他们就坐在家里什么也不干,只顾自己享乐,也许约约会,点点外卖。我对此毫无敬意。我觉得社会上没有比一个懒惰的男人更糟的了,因为他把一切都留在桌上没动,把自己的潜力留在桌上,这对他自己不好。

所以下一步,你去组建家庭,照顾你的家庭,照顾那个小部落。然后你照顾你的大家庭:表亲、兄弟、叔伯、祖母、姑姨、姐妹,所有你能照顾的人。如果你的资源还有余,你就去照顾你的本地部落,照顾你的人,开始为这个世界做点好事。资源再多,你就去照顾一个更大的部落。

这就是你如何同时挣得尊重和自信,如何活出你的潜力。你拥有的越多,理所应当地被期待的也越多。我认为这是一份和社会之间的良好契约:有能力的人通过给出越来越多、做得越来越多,来表达和施展他们的能力;而社会用一样他们别处得不到的东西回报他们,那就是地位。

社会应该给你地位作为交换,应该说,好,你干得不错,你照顾的人不止你自己和你身边最近的那几个人。在我看来,那才是所谓的头狼。头狼不是第一个吃的那个,头狼是最后一个吃的。头狼先让所有人吃,自己最后吃。而他们这么做,是出于自己的自重和骄傲,社会则用「头狼」这个称号和地位来回报他们。

主持人: 我在想,我们现在对富人、有权者的那种反弹,是不是在起反作用。比如扎克伯格给一家医院捐了钱,结果人们想把他的名字从上面摘掉。

纳瓦尔: 我没看到这件事,但那种做法是会适得其反的。你应该奖励做好事的人。就像你刚才说的,你不只是不需要去指责,而是应该主动避免去鞭挞别人;如果你想改变别人的行为,在他做对的时候去强化它。

主持人: 这在社会层面上也一样。

纳瓦尔: 正确。那些赚了大钱去买球队的人,我不会那么做;但那个去建一座医院、或者造一枚把人送上月球的火箭、或者去救几个宇航员的人,你应该奖励他。

主持人: 纳瓦尔,我真的很感激你。希望这次录制配得上你那些奇怪的白日梦。接下来有什么?人们可以期待你在往后的一段时间里带来什么?

纳瓦尔: 什么都别期待。

主持人: 这是我们能想到的最纳瓦尔式的收尾了。这一天等了很久,真的很感谢你今天来。不过我还是希望你能拿出点东西来。

纳瓦尔: 我想我已经拿出来了。谢谢你请我。

主持人: 也谢谢你。谢谢你钻进了我的脑子,希望你现在出来了。

纳瓦尔: 我们走着瞧。也许现在更糟了,因为你有真实的记忆可以粘住了。

主持人: 赢下这场游戏的理由,是为了从中解脱。

纳瓦尔: 做这期播客的理由,是为了了结它。

本期讲者
纳瓦尔·拉维坎特AngelList 联合创始人兼前 CEO,硅谷早期天使投资人,投资过 Twitter、Uber 等公司。以「如何不靠运气致富」推文串和由其内容汇编的《纳瓦尔宝典》广为人知,上一次正式长访谈是 2019 年的乔·罗根节目。
克里斯·威廉森英国播客主持人,Modern Wisdom 节目主理人,节目已录制数百期。做播客前有约十五年夜店活动主办经历,本场中他朗读了自己写的短文《教不会的课》。
章节 · 点击跳转视频
0:00 幸福与成功的两条路径 ▶ 正在看
8:09 名气的代价与真诚的稀缺 ▶ 正在看
14:29 地位游戏对财富游戏 ▶ 正在看
21:02 自尊、美德与猎鹿博弈 ▶ 正在看
35:51 删掉日历:自由、灵感与不排日程 ▶ 正在看
44:18 把自己产品化与探索优先 ▶ 正在看
49:52 观察心智:问题都是自己制造的 ▶ 正在看
1:07:36 幸福、意识与什么才算浪费时间 ▶ 正在看
1:30:28 直觉判断与三大人生决策 ▶ 正在看
1:52:38 教不会的课与真正的理解 ▶ 正在看
2:21:24 尺度错位、AI 与生育率的观念更新 ▶ 正在看
2:37:28 育儿本能、暴力底层与注意力 ▶ 正在看
本期论点
本期回应
其他论点
1:00
通往幸福有两条路:要么获得你想要的,要么一开始就不想要 纳瓦尔·拉维坎特
2:11
更幸福的人反而可能更成功,只是他对成功的定义会在过程中改变 纳瓦尔·拉维坎特
3:50
把受苦本身当成进步的代名词是一种上瘾,衡量标准应该是受苦换来的结果 克里斯·威廉森
5:45
心境平和甚至乐在其中的人,比承受不必要情绪折磨的人做事更高效 纳瓦尔·拉维坎特
9:04
已经成名却说自己不想出名,是不真诚的 纳瓦尔·拉维坎特
9:10
名气最好是做成某件更有价值的事情之后的副产品,为出名而出名是陷阱 纳瓦尔·拉维坎特
13:37
判断错了和故意说假话是两码事,前者无关人品,后者才是过错 克里斯·威廉森
15:41
财富创造是正和的,人人可以同时变富;地位却是有限的排名阶梯,有人上升必有人下降 纳瓦尔·拉维坎特
17:13
从来没有哪个时代比现在更容易创造财富,因为可用的杠杆和机会前所未有地多 纳瓦尔·拉维坎特
17:38
先赚钱再追求名气,比先靠社交网络出名再把名气变现要容易得多 纳瓦尔·拉维坎特
21:48
自尊就是你在自己心里的声誉,达不到自己的道德准则就会损害它 纳瓦尔·拉维坎特
24:43
社会中最常见的博弈不是囚徒困境,而是有两个稳定均衡的猎鹿博弈 纳瓦尔·拉维坎特
29:18
爱着别人的感觉比被人爱着更令人振奋,被爱反而黏腻束缚 纳瓦尔·拉维坎特
01幸福与成功的两条路径
0:00
Happiness is being satisfied with what you have. Success comes from dissatisfaction. Is success worth it then? Oof. I'm not sure that statement is true anymore. Like I made that statement a long time ago and a lot of these things are just notes to myself and they're highly contextual. They come in the moment, they leave in the moment. Happiness. Okay. So very complicated topic but I always like the Socrates story where he goes into the marketplace and they show him all these luxuries and fineries and he says how many things there are in this world that I do not want right and that's a form of freedom so not wanting something is as good as having it in the old story with Alexander Dionius right Alexander goes out and conquers the world and he meets Dionius who's living in a barrel and Dionius says get out of the way you're blocking my son and Alexander says oh how I wish I you know could be like Dionius the next life and Dionis says that's the difference I don't wish that I could sorry Dioynes Dioynes Dioynes
幸福是对自己所拥有的感到满足。而成功来自于不满足。那成功还值得追求吗?唉,我现在不太确定那句话还成不成立了。那句话是我很久以前说的,这些东西很多只是我写给自己的笔记,而且非常依赖当时的语境。它们在那个当下产生,也在那个当下消失。幸福。好吧,这是个非常复杂的话题,但我一直很喜欢苏格拉底的那个故事:他走进集市,人们向他展示各种奢侈品和精美的东西,他说:这世上竟有这么多我并不想要的东西。对吧,这本身就是一种自由。所以不想要某样东西,和拥有它是一样好的。还有那个关于亚历山大和第欧根尼的老故事,对吧,亚历山大出去征服世界,他遇到了住在木桶里的第欧根尼,第欧根尼说:让开,你挡住我的阳光了。亚历山大说:啊,我多希望下辈子能做第欧根尼那样的人。而第欧根尼说:这就是区别所在,我可不希望——不好意思,是第欧根尼,第欧根尼说:我并不希望成为亚历山大。所以
便签引用
0:57
says I I I don't wish to be Alexander so two paths to happiness and uh one path is success you get what you want you satisfy your material needs or like Dioynes you just don't want in the first place and I'm not sure which one is more valid um and it also depends what you define as success if the end goal is happiness then why not cut to the chase and just go straight for uh does being happy make you less successful? That is a conventional wisdom. That may even be the practical earned experience of your reality. You find that when you're happy, you don't want anything. So, you don't get up and do anything. On the other hand, you know, you still got to do something.
通往幸福有两条路,一条是成功,你得到你想要的,满足你的物质需求;或者像第欧根尼那样,你一开始就不想要。我不确定哪一条更站得住脚,嗯,这也取决于你如何定义成功。如果最终目标是幸福,那为什么不直接跳到结果,直奔主题呢。嗯,那么,幸福会让你变得不那么成功吗?这是一种世俗的普遍看法。这甚至可能是你在现实中亲身获得的经验。你会发现当你幸福的时候,你什么都不想要。所以你不会起身去做任何事。但另一方面,你知道的,你还是得做点什么。
便签引用
1:36
You're an animal. You're here. You're here to survive. You're here to replicate. You're driven. You're motivated. You're going to do something. You're not just going to sit there all day. Unlikely. Some people do. Maybe it's in their nature. But I think most people still want to act. they want to live in the arena. Uh I found for myself as I've become uh happier is a big word, but you know, more peaceful, more calm, more present, more uh satisfied with what I have, uh I still want to do things. I just want to do bigger things.
你是一种动物。你在这里。你来这里是为了生存。你来这里是为了繁衍。你有内在驱动力。你有动机。你总会去做点什么。你不会整天就那么干坐着。不太可能。有些人确实会。也许那是他们的天性。但我觉得大多数人还是想要行动。他们想活在竞技场上。嗯,就我自己而言,随着我变得更——幸福这个词太大了,但你知道的,更平和、更宁静、更活在当下、更对自己拥有的感到满足——嗯,我还是想做一些事情。我只是想做更大的事情。
便签引用
2:04
I want to do things that are more pure, more aligned with uh what I think needs to be done and what I can uniquely do. So in that sense, I think that being happier can actually make you more successful, but your definition of success will likely change along the way. Is that a realization you think you could have gotten to had you have not had some success in the first place? At least for me, I always wanted to take the path of material success first. I was not going to go be an aesthetic and sit there and renounce everything. That just seems too unrealistic and too painful. Uh, in the story of Buddha, he starts out as a prince and then he sees that it's all kind of meaningless because you're still going to get old and die and then he goes into the woods looking for something more.
我想做更纯粹的事,更契合我认为需要被完成的、以及只有我才能独特地做到的事。所以从这个意义上说,我认为更幸福其实可以让你更成功,但你对成功的定义很可能会在这个过程中改变。你觉得,如果你一开始没有取得过一些成功,你还能领悟到这一点吗?至少对我来说,我一直想先走物质成功这条路。我不打算去当个苦行者,坐在那儿舍弃一切。那看起来太不现实、也太痛苦了。嗯,在佛陀的故事里,他一开始是个王子,然后他发现这一切某种程度上都毫无意义,因为你终究还是会衰老死去,于是他走进森林,去寻找更多的东西。
便签引用
2:50
I'll take the happy route that involves material success. Thank you. I think it's quicker in some ways. You know, one of your uh insights is it's far easier to achieve our material desires than it is to renounce them. And uh it depends on the person, but I I think you have to try that path. If you want something, go get it. Uh, you know, like I I I quipped that the reason to win the game is to be free of it. So, you you play the games, you win the games, and then you get hopefully you get bored of the games. You don't want to just keep looping on the same game over and over.
我会选择那条包含物质成功的幸福之路。谢谢。我觉得某种意义上这样更快。你知道,你有一个很有洞察力的观点是:满足我们的物质欲望,远比放弃它们要容易得多。满足我们的物质欲望,远比放弃它们要容易得多。这因人而异,但我觉得你得去试试那条路。如果你想要什么,那就去争取。就像,我打趣说过,赢下这场游戏的意义在于从中解脱。所以你去玩这些游戏,你赢下它们,然后但愿你会对这些游戏感到厌倦。你不会想一遍又一遍地在同一个游戏里循环。
便签引用
3:22
Although a lot of these games are very enticing and have many levels and are relatively open-ended. Uh, and then you become free of the game uh in a sense that you're no longer trying to win it. You know, you can win it. Uh, and either you move to a different game or you play the game for the sheer joy of it. Yeah. You, another one of yours, most of the gains in life come from suffering in the short term so you can get paid in the long term. I think that's classic. Winning the marshmallow test on a daily basis. But, uh, there's an interesting challenge where I think people need to avoid becoming uh, a suffering addict.
尽管这些游戏中有很多都极具诱惑力,有很多关卡,而且相对开放、没有尽头。然后你就从游戏中解脱了,某种意义上说,你不再执着于赢它。你知道你能赢,然后要么你换一个游戏玩,要么你就纯粹为了享受乐趣而玩。是啊。你还有一句话是:人生中大部分的收获,都来自短期的痛苦,这样你才能在长期里得到回报。我觉得这是经典。长期里得到回报。我觉得这是经典。就是每天都在通过棉花糖实验。不过这里有个有意思的挑战,我觉得人得避免变成一个「受苦上瘾者」。避免变成一个「受苦上瘾者」。
便签引用
3:55
Sort of using suffering as the proxy for progress as opposed to the outcome of the suffering. Right? It's like I was in pain not eating the marshmallow. I was in pain doing this work. I have attached well-being and satisfaction to pain, not to what the pain gets me on the other side of it. If you define pain as physical pain, then it's a real thing. It happens and you can't ignore it. But that's not what we mean by suffering. Suffering is mostly mental anguish and mental pain. And it just means you don't want to do the task at hand. Uh if you were fine doing the task at hand, then you wouldn't be suffering. And then the question is what's more effective to suffer along the way or just to interpret it in a way that it's not suffering?
就是把受苦本身当成进步的代名词,而不是看受苦带来的结果。对吧?就好比说:我因为没吃那颗棉花糖而痛苦,我因为做这份工作而痛苦。我把幸福感和满足感绑定在了痛苦本身上,而不是绑定在痛苦最终换来的东西上。如果你说的痛苦是身体上的疼痛,那它是真实存在的。它会发生,你没法忽视它。但那不是我们说的「受苦」。受苦大多是精神上的煎熬和心理上的痛苦。它其实只意味着你不想做手头这件事。如果你做手头这件事时心情很好,那你就不会受苦。那么问题就是:哪种方式更有效——一路上都在受苦,还是换一种理解方式,让它根本不算受苦?
便签引用
4:38
You hear from a lot of successful people they look back and they say oh the journey was the fun part right that was actually the entertaining part and I should have enjoyed it more. It's a common regret. Uh there's a little thought exercise I like to do, which is you can go back into your own life and uh try to put yourself in the exact position you were in 5 years ago, 10 years ago, 15 years ago, 20 years ago. And you try to remember, okay, who was I with? What was I doing? What was I feeling? What were my emotions? What were my objectives? And really, really try to transport yourself back and see if there's any advice you'd give yourself. Anything you do differently.
你会听到很多成功人士回过头来说:哦,那段过程才是有趣的部分,对吧,那才是真正让人享受的部分,我当时应该更好好享受它的。这是一种很常见的遗憾。我喜欢做一个小小的思想练习,就是你可以回到自己的人生中,试着把自己放回五年前、十年前、十五年前、二十年前所处的确切位置。然后你努力回想:好,当时我和谁在一起?我在做什么?我在感受什么?我的情绪是怎样的?我的目标是什么?真的、真的努力把自己带回到那个时刻,看看你是否有什么建议要给当时的自己。有没有什么事你会做得不一样。
便签引用
5:12
Now, you don't have new information. And don't pretend you could have gone back and, you know, bought a stock or bought bought Bitcoin or whatever, but just knowing what you know now in terms of your temperament and a little bit of age related experience, how would you have done things differently? And I think it's a worthwhile exercise to do. So don't let me rob you of the conclusion, but I'll tell you for me uh I would have done everything the same except I would have done it with less anger, less emotion, less internal suffering because that was optional. It wasn't necessary.
注意,你并没有新的信息。别假装你可以回去买某只股票,或者买比特币之类的,而是仅凭你现在对自己性情的了解,再加上一点随年龄积累的经验,你会怎样做得不一样?我觉得这是个值得做的练习。所以我不想提前剧透结论,但我可以告诉你,对我来说,我会把每件事都照原样再做一遍,只不过我会带着更少的愤怒少一些,情绪少一些,内耗少一些,因为那些都是可选的,并不是必需的。
便签引用
5:45
And I would argue that someone who can do the job uh at least peacefully but maybe happily is going to be more effective than someone who has unnecessary emotional turmoil. Well, you end up with a series of miserable successes, right? The outcome may have been the same, but the entire experience of getting there and and the journey is not only the reward. The journey is the only thing there is. You know, even success, it's human nature to bank it very very quickly, right? Because the normal loop that we run through is you sit around, you're bored, then you want something, then when you want something, you decide you're not going to be happy until you get that thing. Then you start your bout of suffering or anticipation while you strive to get that thing. If you get that thing, then you get used to it and then you get bored again. Then a few months later, you want something else.
我认为,一个能把事情做好、而且至少心境平和、甚至乐在其中的人,会比一个承受着不必要情绪折磨的人更高效。结果就是你收获了一连串「痛苦的成功」,对吧?结果可能是一样的,但整个抵达的过程、这段旅程——它不只是回报,旅程本身就是唯一真实存在的东西。你知道,哪怕是成功,人的天性也是很快就把它当成理所当然,对吧?因为我们反复运行的正常循环是:你闲坐着,觉得无聊,然后你想要某个东西,一旦你想要它,你就认定在得到它之前自己不会快乐。于是你开始了一段煎熬或者期待的过程,一边奋力去争取那个东西。如果你得到了那个东西,你就会慢慢习惯,然后又开始觉得无聊。几个月后,你又想要别的东西了。
便签引用
6:33
And if you don't get it, then you're unhappy for a bit and then you get over it and then you want something else. Right? That's the normal cycle. So whether you're happy or unhappy at the end, it tends not to last. Now I don't want to be glib and say that oh there's no point in making money or being successful. There absolutely is. Money solves all your money problems. So it is good to have money. Um that said there are those uh those stories. I I don't know if you've seen those studies. I don't know how real these are. A lot of these psych studies don't replicate, but it's a fun fun little study that shows that uh people who break their back and people who win the lottery are back to their baseline happiness two years later. Yep. Again, I don't know if that's entirely true. I think money can buy you happiness if you earned it because then along the way you have both pride and confidence in yourself and you have a sense of accomplishment and you you know set out to do something and you were right. So I I'll bet that lingers
如果你没得到,你会难过一阵子,然后也就释怀了,接着又想要别的东西。对吧?这就是正常的循环。所以不管你最后是开心还是不开心,那种感觉往往都不会持久。当然,我也不想说得太轻巧,好像赚钱、成功都没有意义。那绝对是有意义的。钱能解决你所有跟钱有关的问题。所以有钱是好事。不过,确实有那些说法。我不知道你有没有看过那些研究。我不知道这些有多可靠,很多心理学研究是无法复现的,但那是个挺有意思的小研究,它显示那些摔断脊背的人和那些中彩票的人,两年之后都会回到各自原本的幸福基线。是的。再说一次,我不确定这是不是完全属实。我觉得如果钱是你自己挣来的,它是能买到快乐的,因为一路走来你既有自豪感又有自信,你有一种成就感,你当初立下目标要做成某件事,而你做对了。所以我敢说那种感觉会持续下去。然后就像我说的,钱能解决你的
便签引用
7:25
and then as I said money solves your money problem. So I don't want to be too glib about it but I would say in general this this loop that we run through um of desire, dopamine, fulfillment, unfulfillment like you you have to enjoy the journey. The journey is all there is, right? 99% of your time is spent on the journey. So, what kind of a journey is it if you're not going to enjoy it? How do you shortcut that desire contract? You could focus, you could decide that I don't want most things. I think we have a lot of unnecessary desires that we just pick up everywhere. We have opinions on everything, judgments and everything. Uh so, I think just knowing that those are the source of unhappiness uh will make you be choosy about your desires. And frankly, if you want to be successful, you have to be choosy about your desires. You have to focus.
钱的问题。所以我不想把话说得太轻巧,但总体来说,我们反复经历的这个循环——欲望、多巴胺、满足、不满足——你必须享受这段旅程。旅程就是一切,对吧?你99%的时间都花在旅程上。所以,如果你不打算享受它,那这算是一段什么样的旅程呢?怎样才能绕开那份「欲望合约」?你可以聚焦,你可以决定:大多数东西我都不想要。我觉得我们有很多不必要的欲望,都是从各处随手捡来的。我们对什么都有看法,对什么都要评判。所以我觉得,光是知道这些正是不快乐的源头,就会让你对自己的欲望变得挑剔。而且坦白讲,如果你想成功,你就必须对自己的欲望挑剔。你必须聚焦。
便签引用
02名气的代价与真诚的稀缺
8:09
You can't be great at everything. You can't be great at everything. You're just going to waste your energy and waste your time. Is fame a worthwhile goal? Uh, it gets you invited to better parties, gets you into better restaurants. Uh, fame. So, fa fame is this funny thing where a lot of people know you, but you don't know them. And, uh, it does get you put on a pedestal. Uh, it can get you what you want, uh, at a at a distance. So, I wouldn't say it's worthless. Obviously, people want it for a reason. Um, it's high status, so it attracts the opposite sex. Uh, especially for men, it attracts women.
你不可能样样都出色。你不可能样样都出色。你只会白白浪费精力,浪费时间。名气是一个值得追求的目标吗?呃,它能让你被邀请去更好的派对,能让你进更好的餐厅。呃,名气。名气是件很有趣的事:很多人认识你,但你不认识他们。而且它确实会把你推上神坛。它能让你在一定距离之外得到你想要的东西。所以我不会说它一文不值。显然大家想要它是有原因的。它代表高地位,所以能吸引异性。尤其对男人来说,它能吸引女人。
便签引用
8:43
Uh, that said, it is high cost. It means you have no privacy. Um, you do have weirdos and lunatics. Uh, you do get hit up a lot for weird things. Uh, and you're on a stage, so you're forced to perform, so you're forced to be consistent with your past proclamations and actions, and you're going to have haters and all that nonsense. But the fact that we do it, the fact that we all seem to want it means that it would be disingenuous to say, "Oh, no, no, I'm famous." But you don't want to be famous. Um, that said, I think fame, like anything else, is best produced as a or pursued as a byproduct of something potentially more worthwhile. Um, wanting to be famous and craving to be famous and being famous for being famous, these are sort of traps.
话虽如此,它的代价也很高。意味着你没有隐私。你会遇到怪人和疯子。你会被各种奇怪的事情找上门。而且你站在舞台上,所以你被迫表演,被迫跟自己过去说过的话、做过的事保持一致,还会有黑粉之类的乱七八糟的东西。但我们确实在追求它,我们似乎都想要它,这说明如果你说「哦不不,我很有名,但我不想出名」,那是不真诚的。不过我认为,名气和其他东西一样,最好是作为某件更有价值的事情的副产品而产生、而被追求。想出名、渴望出名、为了出名而出名,这些都算是陷阱。
便签引用
9:26
Fame for fame's sake. Yeah. Exactly. So, it's better that it's earned fame. Uh so for example earn respect in the tribe is you do things that are good for the tribe. Uh who are the most famous people in human history? Uh there uh you know there there are people who sort of transcended the self. The Buddhas and the Jesuses and the Muhammads of the world. Who else is famous? Uh the artists are famous. You know art lasts for a long time. The scientists are famous. They discover things. The conquerors are famous presumably because they conquered for their tribe. There was someone that they were fighting for. So generally the higher up you rise by doing things for greater and greater groups of people even though it may be considered tyrannical or negative like uh you know Jenghaskhan is famous but uh to the Mongols he was doing good to the rest of them not so much uh the higher level you're operating at the more people you're taking care of the more you sort of earn respect and fame and I think those are good reasons to be
为名气而名气。没错,正是如此。所以最好是挣来的名气。比如说,在部落里赢得尊重,靠的是你做了对部落有益的事。人类历史上最有名的人是谁?那些某种程度上超越了自我的人。世上的佛陀、耶稣、穆罕默德。还有谁有名?艺术家有名。艺术能流传很久。科学家有名,他们发现新东西。征服者有名,大概是因为他们为自己的部落而征服。总有一群人是他们为之而战的。所以总的来说,你为越来越大的群体做事,你的层级就越高,哪怕这可能被认为是暴虐的或负面的,比如成吉思汗很有名,但对蒙古人来说他是在做好事,对其他人就未必了。你运作的层级越高,你照顾的人越多,你就越能赢得尊重和名气。我认为这些是出名的好理由。如果名气是空的,如果你出名只是因为你的名字出现在
便签引用
10:22
famous if if if fame is empty if you're famous just cuz your name showed up in a lot of places or your face showed up in a lot of places then that's a hollow fame and I think deep down you will know that and so it'll be fragile and you'll always be afraid of losing it and then you'll be forced to perform so the kind of fame that uh pure actors and celebrities have I wouldn't want but the kind of fame that's earned because you did something useful uh why dodge that now you can there's a challenge I think especially if people make uh very loud public proclamations about things you mentioned there about um you're almost hostage to the things that you used to say that um being able to update your opinions and change your mind looks very similar to the internet as hypocrisy does. No, no, no. The difference between me saying something in the past and saying something different now is perhaps I've learned, perhaps I've updated my beliefs, but so few people do it in a legitimate way. I think that the grifter shill you see
很多地方,或者你的脸出现在很多地方,那就是空洞的名气。我认为你内心深处会知道这一点,所以它很脆弱,你会一直害怕失去它,然后你就被迫去表演。所以那种纯粹演员和明星式的名气我不想要,但那种因为你做了有用的事而挣来的名气,何必躲呢。不过确实有个难处,我觉得尤其是当人们大声地公开宣称某些事情的时候,你刚才提到的那点,你几乎成了自己过去说过的话的人质。能够更新观点、改变想法,在互联网看来跟虚伪很像。不不不,我过去说了某件事,现在说了不一样的话,这中间的区别在于,也许我学到了新东西,也许我更新了自己的信念。但真正以正当方式做这件事的人太少了。我觉得那种骗子、托儿,你会看到
便签引用
11:19
this is the the the smoking gun that shows that he didn't really believe that thing all along. Right. And uh yeah, I I went to a retreat in LA a couple of years ago and there was a guy that I used to follow that a big um business and productivity advice content creator really really successful and he just totally stepped back from everything and went uh like monk mode and focused on his business. I asked him why and he said uh I started feeling like I had to live up to in private the things that I was saying in public.
「这就是铁证,说明他从头到尾根本不相信那套东西」。对。还有,是啊,几年前我在洛杉矶参加过一个静修,那里有个我以前关注的人,一个做商业和效率建议的内容创作者,非常非常成功,然后他就彻底从所有事情里退出来了,进入了「僧侣模式」,专心做自己的生意。我问他为什么,他说,我开始觉得自己必须在私下里活成我在公开场合说的那个样子。
便签引用
11:47
Right. Yeah. It's a it's a what was it that uh who said it was a mein that um foolish consistency is a hobgoblin of little minds right um but essentially look all life is all learning is error correction right every knowledge creation system works through correcting errors making guesses and correcting errors so by definition if you're learning you're going to be wrong most of the time and you'll be updating your priors and so for example I did this Joe Rogan podcast I don't know it's like eight or nine years ago um and people will call out like the one thing that didn't turn out to be correct, right? And it's just like and they just beat on it because it it helps them in their mind raise their status a little bit. Aha, I caught him in an error. Well, I think if you catch someone in a blatant lie where there's believe one thing and they say another, that's legit. That's a character flaw.
对。是啊,这就是……那句话是谁说的来着,好像是爱默生说的,「愚蠢的一致性是小心灵的心魔」,对吧。但本质上,你看,所有的生活、所有的学习都是纠错。每一个知识创造系统都是通过纠正错误来运作的——做出猜测,然后纠正错误。所以从定义上讲,如果你在学习,你大部分时间都会是错的,你会不断更新自己的先验。比如说,我上过乔·罗根的播客,不知道,大概八九年前了,然后人们就会揪住那一件后来被证明不对的事,对吧?就是那样,他们就死咬着不放,因为在他们心里这能抬高自己一点地位。「哈,我抓到他的错误了。」我觉得,如果你抓到某人赤裸裸地撒谎,他心里信的是一套,嘴上说的是另一套,那是站得住脚的,那是人品问题。
便签引用
12:34
They shouldn't be lying. But on the other hand, if they just made a guess at something and they got it wrong. And by the way, mostly it's about the AI AGI thing. And I think I'm still right about that, but it's a different story. Um people who think we have achieved AGI just fail a touring test from their side. Um but uh it's funny how people latch on to single proclamations. But the reality is all of us are dynamical systems. We're always changing. We're always learning. We're always growing. And uh hopefully we're correcting errors. What you don't want to be doing is lying in public so that because you're you're trying to look good. And I think people can smell that.
他们不该撒谎。但另一方面,如果他们只是对某件事做了个猜测,然后猜错了。顺便说一句,大部分时候说的是 AI、AGI 那件事。我觉得我在那件事上依然是对的,不过那是另一个话题。那些认为我们已经实现 AGI 的人,只是从他们那一侧没通过图灵测试罢了。不过,人们死抓着某一句话不放,挺有意思的。但现实是,我们所有人都是动态系统。我们一直在变化,一直在学习,一直在成长。而且但愿我们在纠正错误。你不该做的,是在公开场合撒谎,因为你想让自己看起来体面。我觉得人们是能闻出来的。
便签引用
13:08
I I I what this world really lacks right now is authenticity and because everybody wants something. They want to be seen as something. They want to be something that they're not. And so you do catch a lot of people uh saying things that they don't really believe. And I think people are very sensitive to that. Uh [ __ ] radars have become hypers sensitized to try and work out whether or not this person means the thing that they're saying. Yeah. I mean they they a lot of people are wrong. Most of us are wrong most of the time especially in any new endeavor.
我……这个世界现在真正缺的是真诚,因为每个人都想要点什么。他们想被看成某种样子。他们想成为自己并不是的那种人。所以你确实会抓到很多人说一些他们自己并不真信的话。而且我觉得人们对这一点非常敏感。大家的「胡扯探测雷达」已经变得超级敏感,会去分辨这个人到底是不是真心说这些话。是啊。我是说,很多人是错的。我们大多数人大部分时候都是错的,尤其是在任何新领域里。
便签引用
13:37
Difference between being wrong and disingenuous though, purposefully wrong. Correct. Exactly. So I think I think that's the big difference. If someone is wrong, no big deal. As long as they have a genuine reason for saying what they're saying, or believing what they're believing. But if they are lying to elevate their status or their appearance or to live up to some expectation, that's the mistake. And that's a mistake not just for the listener, it's a mistake for themselves cuz then you're going to get trapped in a hall of mirrors. You yourself are going to be consistent with your past proclamations.
不过,错了和不真诚、故意说错,这是两码事。对,正是如此。所以我觉得这就是最大的区别。如果一个人错了,没什么大不了的。只要他说那些话、信那些东西是出于真心的理由。但如果他们是为了抬高自己的地位、自己的形象而撒谎,或者为了活成某种期待而撒谎,那才是错误。而且这个错误不只是对听众而言,对他们自己也是个错误,因为你会被困在一座镜子迷宫里。你自己也会被迫跟自己过去说过的话保持一致。
便签引用
14:03
So if you're lying to others, you're going to be lying to yourself. You're puppeted by a person that you are not even. That's right. Yeah. It's it's like what was that line? There's you're you're basically trying to impress people who you know don't care about you. Um so they don't like the real you and if they saw the real you they wouldn't care and the people who would like the real you don't get to see the real you so they pass you by right? You only want the respect of the very very few people that you respect.
所以如果你对别人撒谎,你也会对自己撒谎。你被一个根本不是你的人操控着——甚至都不是你自己。没错。是啊。这就像——那句话是怎么说的来着?你基本上是在努力取悦那些根本不在乎你的人。所以他们不喜欢真实的你,而如果他们看到真实的你,他们也不会在意。而那些会喜欢真实的你的人,却看不到真实的你,所以他们和你擦肩而过,对吧?你只需要在意极少数你自己尊重的人的尊重。
便签引用
03地位游戏对财富游戏
14:29
Uh trying to demand respect from the masses is a fool's errand. status games, the allure of acrewing, whether it's fame, actual fame, or just the competition comparison trap, it's always there. Uh there's a real draw of being swayed by social approval. How should people learn to get less distracted by status games in that way? I think it it just helps to see that status games don't matter as much as they used to. uh in old society, let's go back hunter gatherer times, there was no such thing as wealth. You just had what you could carry. Um there was no stored wealth. So wealth games didn't really exist to wealth creation games.
呃,想从大众那里索取尊重,这是白费力气。地位游戏,那种积累的诱惑,不管是名气、真正的名气,还是仅仅是攀比竞争的陷阱,那都是一直都在。呃,被社会认可左右确实是一种很强的诱惑。人们该怎么学会不被这种地位游戏分散注意力呢?我觉得,看清一点就会有帮助:地位游戏已经不像过去那么重要了。呃,在旧社会里,我们不妨回到狩猎采集时代,那时候根本不存在财富这种东西。你拥有的只是你能随身带走的东西。嗯,没有可储存的财富。所以财富游戏其实并不存在,也没有财富创造的游戏。
便签引用
15:11
All that existed was status games. If you were high status, then you got what little was available first. Um but even back then, you had to earn your status by taking care of the tribe. Uh now we have wealth creation where you can actually create a product or a service. you can scale that product or service and you can provide abundance for a lot of people. Uh and that's not zero sum, that's a positive sum game. I can be wealthy, you can be wealthy, we can create things together and clearly since we are all collectively far far wealthier than we were in huntergatherer times. Uh wealth creation is positive but status is limited. There's limited status to go around. It's a ranking ladder. It's a hierarchy. And so it's a rise in status. Somebody else has a lower in status. Now you can have multiple kinds of status. So you can expand some kinds of status, but it's not like wealth creation where it can go infinitely where we can all be, you know, living in the stars and moon bases or Mars colonies or what have you. So
那时候存在的只有地位游戏。如果你地位高,那么仅有的那点资源你就能先拿到。嗯,但即便是在那个时候,你也得靠照顾整个部落来赢得地位。呃,而现在我们有了财富创造,你可以真正去创造一个产品或一项服务。你可以规模化这个产品或服务,可以为很多人创造富足。呃,这不是零和的,这是正和博弈。我可以富有,你也可以富有,我们可以一起创造东西。而且显然,既然我们整体上比狩猎采集时代富裕得多得多。呃,财富创造是正和的,但地位是有限的。可供分配的地位是有限的。它是一个排名的阶梯,是一种等级制。所以有人地位上升,就一定有别人地位下降。当然你可以拥有多种不同类型的地位,所以某些类型的地位是可以扩张的,但它不像财富创造那样可以无限增长,不像我们最终都可以,你懂的,住到星辰之间、月球基地或者火星殖民地之类的地方。所以
便签引用
16:03
just realize that status games are inherently limited. Uh they're always combative. Um they always require uh direct combat whereas uh wealth creation games can be just you're creating products. You don't have to fight anybody else. Yes, in the marketplace your product has to succeed, but that's not quite the same as uh invective against other people or being angry with other people or feeling pushed down or pushed up or having a beef with somebody. So, I would argue that wealth creation games are both more pleasant. Uh they're positive sum and they actually have uh concrete material returns. If you have more money, you can buy more.
要认识到,地位游戏本质上是有限的。呃,它们总是充满对抗的。嗯,它们总是需要呃直接的搏斗,而财富创造的游戏可以只是你在创造产品,你不必和任何人争斗。是的,在市场里你的产品必须成功,但那跟呃辱骂他人、跟别人生气、感觉被压制或者被抬高、跟某人结怨,还是不太一样。所以我会说,财富创造的游戏更令人愉快。呃,它们是正和的,而且确实有呃实实在在的物质回报。你有更多的钱,就能买到更多东西。
便签引用
16:38
Show me where you can exchange your status at the bank. Exactly. Yeah. It's it's it's vague and it's fuzzy. Now, you see people get rich, they have money, what do they want? They want status. So they go to Hollywood, start starring in movies, they donate to nonprofits, they go to KS or Davos or what have you. Um, and they start trying to trade the money for status. So, you know, people always want what they don't have. Uh, and we are evolutionarily hardwired for status because as I said, wealth creation didn't really exist until the agricultural revolution, uh, when you could store grain and then the industrial revolution took it to another level and now the information age is taking it to yet another level.
你倒是告诉我,你能在哪家银行把你的地位兑换掉?正是如此。是啊。它就是很模糊、很虚。你看有些人发了财,有了钱,然后他们想要什么?他们想要地位。于是他们跑去好莱坞,开始演电影,他们捐钱给非营利组织,他们去肯尼迪中心或者达沃斯什么的。嗯,然后他们开始试着用钱去换地位。所以你知道,人总是想要自己没有的东西。呃,而我们在进化上就被写死了要追求地位,因为就像我说的,在农业革命之前,财富的积累其实并不存在,那时候你才能储存粮食,然后工业革命把它推到了另一个层次,而现在信息时代又把它推到了更高的一个层次。
便签引用
17:13
But there's never been an easier time to make money. Yes, it's still hard, but there's never been an easier time to create wealth because there's so much leverage out there. There's so much opportunity. You still have to go find it. It's not easy. It's not going to fall on your lap, and you have to learn something and know something and do something interesting. But nevertheless, it's possible to many more people. A few hundred years ago, you were born a surf, you were going to die a surf. There was almost no way out of that.
但从来没有哪个时代比现在更容易赚钱。是的,这仍然很难,但从来没有哪个时代比现在更容易创造财富,因为外面有太多的杠杆可用了。有太多的机会。你仍然得自己去找到它。这不容易。它不会自己掉到你腿上,你得去学点东西、懂点东西、做点有意思的事。但即便如此,能做到的人比以前多得多了。几百年前,你生下来是农奴,你就会作为农奴死去。几乎没有任何办法摆脱这一点。
便签引用
17:36
That's changed. And so I would argue that you're better off focusing on wealth games and status games. If you're trying to um build up, for example, your following on a social network and get famous and then get rich off of being famous, that's a much harder path than getting rich first. Um and then go for your fame afterwards would be my advice. Well, a lot of people do that as you said. It's funny how uh people who have achieved such a level of wealth that you don't think why do you need the status given that most people use status to then try and cash in to achieve wealth if you've achieved [ __ ] money already if you're post money or uh asset heavy as it's known. Um why are you trying to go in the other direction? Well, as you said because we've we've got an illustrious history biologically of wanting status and wealth is kind of novel.
这一点已经变了。所以我的看法是,你最好把注意力放在财富游戏上,而不是地位游戏上。如果你想要,比如说,在某个社交网络上积累你的粉丝、出名,然后靠出名赚钱,那条路比先赚钱要难得多。嗯,我的建议是,然后再去追求你的名气。嗯,很多人确实像你说的那样做。很有意思的是,呃,那些已经积累到相当程度财富的人,你不明白你为什么还需要地位,毕竟大多数人追求地位,就是为了把它变现来获得财富如果你已经赚到了『去他的钱』,如果你已经财务自由,或者说资产雄厚——那你为什么还要往反方向走呢?嗯,就像你说的,因为从生物学上讲,我们有着追逐地位的悠久历史,而财富算是个比较新奇的东西。
便签引用
18:24
It's new. It's new. Wealth is uh something that you have to understand more intellectually. Yeah, there's a physical component, more food, more survival, but uh to truly understand the effects and the powers and the abilities and limitations uh and the advantages and disadvantages of wealth, you have to use your neoortex a lot more. Does that mean it's not limbic? The reason to play the game is to win the game and be done with it is harder to win and be done with for status than it is for wealth.
它是新的。它是新的。财富是一种你得靠理智去理解的东西。是的,它有物质层面的成分,更多食物、更容易生存,但要真正理解财富的作用、力量、它能做什么、它的局限,以及它的好处和坏处,你得更多地调用你的新皮层。那是不是说它不属于边缘系统(本能层面)?玩这个游戏的目的是赢下它然后收手,但对于地位来说,要赢下来然后收手,比财富要难得多。
便签引用
18:50
That's a good observation. I had thought that through, but you're right. Yeah, I think that's right. I think you people will always want more status. Uh but I think you can be satisfied at a certain level of wealth. Well, as well you always have this sort of sense. This is what leaderboards are, right? This is the the billboard chart, right? And it is zero sum and it is I guess you know the Forbes richest people on the planet thing. That one's harder to climb the ladder on. But uh the fact that for example iTunes and YouTube can put you in competition against your contemporaries every single day and make you go up and down and show you likes and comments and ratings. This is how much you're up.
这个观察很好。我之前想过这个问题,但你说得对。是啊,我觉得没错。我觉得人们总是会想要更多的地位。呃,但我觉得财富到了某个水平你是可以满足的。嗯,而且你总会有那种感觉。这就是排行榜的意义所在,对吧?这就是公告牌排行榜,对吧?它是零和的,而且我想就像福布斯全球富豪榜那种东西。那个榜要往上爬更难。但呃,比如说 iTunes 和 YouTube 能把你放到跟同代人竞争的位置上,这个事实每一天都在这样,让你情绪起起伏伏,给你看点赞、评论和评分。这就是你涨了多少。
便签引用
19:28
Exactly. They they keep you running on that treadmill forever. Jimmy Carr has this cool idea where he says trajectory is more important than position. So if you are number 101 in the world but last year you were number 200 versus you're number two in the world but last year you were number one. there is this sense of the deceleration is very very tangible and um it's again it goes back to evolution you know something that is bleeding eventually dies unless you stop the bleeding so you're you're hardwired not to lose what you have and because we evolve in conditions where we're so close to just not surviving uh you don't want to give anything up. It's hardwired into us to not give anything up.
没错。他们就是让你永远在那个跑步机上跑个不停。Jimmy Carr 有个很酷的观点,他说轨迹比位置更重要。所以如果你是世界第 101 名,但去年你是第 200 名;对比你是世界第二,但去年你是第一名。这种减速的感觉是非常非常真切的,而且,这又要回到进化上,你知道,一个在流血的东西最终会死掉,除非你止住血。所以你天生就被设定成不想失去你已经拥有的东西。因为我们是在那种几乎活不下去的条件下进化出来的,你不想放弃任何东西。不放弃任何东西是刻在我们基因里的。
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20:07
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04自尊、美德与猎鹿博弈
21:02
outcome in the world is not having self-esteem. Why? Yeah, that's a tough one. Uh, well, I I I look at the people and I don't want to offend anybody, but I look at the people who don't like themselves, and that's the toughest slot because they're always wrestling with themselves, and it's hard enough to face the outside world. Um, and no one's going to like you more than you like yourself. So, if you're struggling with yourself, then the outside world becomes an insurmountable challenge. And it's hard to say why people have low self-esteem. It might be genetic. It might just be circumstantial. A lot of times I think it's cuz they just weren't unconditionally loved as a child and that sort of seeps in at a deep core level. Um but self-esteem issues can be the most limiting. Uh one interesting thought is that you know to some extent self-esteem is a reputation you have with yourself. Um you're watching yourself at all times. You know what you're doing and you have your own moral code. Everyone has a different moral
结果就是没有自尊。为什么?是啊,这个问题挺难的。呃,我看那些人——我不想冒犯任何人——但我看那些不喜欢自己的人,那是最难受的处境,因为他们永远在跟自己较劲,而光是面对外面的世界就已经够难了。而且,没有人会比你自己更喜欢你。所以如果你在跟自己较劲,那外面的世界就变成了一个无法逾越的挑战。很难说清楚人为什么会自尊低。可能是基因的原因,也可能只是环境造成的。很多时候我觉得是因为他们小时候没有得到过无条件的爱,而那种东西会渗透到非常深的内核层面。嗯,但自尊问题可能是最具限制性的。呃,有一个有意思的想法是,某种程度上,自尊就是你在自己心里的声誉。嗯,你时时刻刻都在看着自己。你知道自己在做什么,你有自己的道德准则。每个人的道德准则都不一样。但如果你达不到自己的
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22:00
code. But if you don't live up to your own moral code, the same code that you hold others to, uh it will damage your self-esteem. So perhaps one way to build up your self-esteem is to live up to your own code very rigorously. Have one and then live up to it. Uh another way to raise your self-esteem might be to do things for others. Uh if I look back on my life and you know what are the moments that I'm actually proud of, there's very far and few between and it's not that often and it's not the things you would expect. It's not the material success. It's not having learned this thing or that. It's when I made a sacrifice for somebody or something that I loved. And uh that's when I'm actually ironically most proud.
道德准则——就是你用来要求别人的那套准则——呃,它就会损害你的自尊。所以也许建立自尊的一个办法,就是非常严格地按照自己的准则去生活。先有一套准则,然后照着做到。呃,另一个提升自尊的办法可能是为别人做事。呃,如果我回头看我的人生,你知道,那些我真正引以为豪的时刻,是非常非常少的,没那么频繁,而且不是你会预料到的那些事。不是物质上的成功,不是学会了这个或那个。而是当我为某个人或某件我热爱的事做出牺牲的时候。而且,讽刺的是,那才是我真正最自豪的时候。
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22:38
Now that's through an explicit mental exercise. But I'll bet you at some level I'm recording that implicitly. So that tells me that even if I am not being loved and the way to create love is to give love to to express love through sacrifice and through duty. And so I think doing things like that can build up your self-esteem really fast. It's interesting when you talk about sacrifice because a lot of the time people say, "I sacrificed so much for my job." It's like, "Yeah, but that was you sacrificing something that you wanted less for something that you wanted more as opposed to genuinely taking some sort of cost." And uh yeah, I wonder whether if self-esteem is you adhering to your internal your your actions and your values aligning um even when it's difficult or perhaps even more so when it's difficult. I wonder whether there is a price that people who are more introspective, high integrity pay because you think well you've got this uh heavy set of overheads that you need to pay in some way.
这是通过一种明确的心理练习得出的。但我敢打赌,在某个层面上我是在隐性地记录这些的。所以这告诉我,即便我没有被爱,那么创造爱的方式,就是去给出爱——通过牺牲、通过责任去表达爱。所以我觉得做这样的事情能非常快地建立起你的自尊。你谈到牺牲的时候挺有意思的,因为很多时候人们会说:"我为我的工作牺牲了太多。"就好像,"是啊,但那是你牺牲了一个你没那么想要的东西,去换一个你更想要的东西,而不是真正付出了某种代价。"呃,是啊,我在想,自尊是不是就是你恪守内在的东西——你的行为和你的价值观保持一致——哪怕在很难的时候,甚至可能在越难的时候越是如此。我在想,那些更内省、更有正直感的人是不是要付出某种代价,因为你会觉得,你背着这么一堆沉重的开销需要以某种方式去偿付。
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23:37
Well, if being ethical were profitable, everybody would do it, right? So, uh you at some level it does involve a sacrifice. Uh but that sacrifice can also be thought of as you're thinking for the long term rather than the short term. Um for example the virtues are the set of uh virtues a set of beliefs that if everybody in society followed them as individuals it would lead to win-win outcomes for everybody. So if I am honest and you are honest then we can do business more easily. We can interact more easily because we can trust each other. So even though there might be a few liars in the system as long as there aren't too many liars and too many cheaters uh a high trust society where everybody's honest is better off. And I think a lot of the virtues work this way right? If I don't go around sleeping with your wife and you don't sleep with mine and you know if I don't take all the food that's at the table first and so on, then we all get along better and we can play win-win games. Uh in game
嗯,如果讲道德是有利可图的,那所有人都会这么做,对吧?所以,呃,在某个层面上它确实包含一种牺牲。呃,但那种牺牲也可以理解成你是在为长期考虑,而不是为短期考虑。嗯,比如说,美德就是一套信念——如果社会上每个人作为个体都遵循它们,就会带来对所有人都有利的双赢结果。所以如果我诚实、你也诚实,那我们就能更容易地做生意。我们能更容易地互动,因为我们可以互相信任。所以即使系统里可能有一些骗子,只要骗子和作弊的人不太多,一个人人诚实的高信任社会就会过得更好。而且我觉得很多美德都是这样运作的,对吧?如果我不到处去跟你老婆睡,你也不跟我老婆睡,还有,如果我不把桌上所有的食物都先抢走,等等,那我们所有人就能相处得更好,就能玩双赢的游戏。呃,在博弈论里,最有名的博弈是囚徒困境。但那讲的全是
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24:28
theory, the most famous game is prisoners dilemma. But that's all about everybody cheating and the Nash equilibrium. The stable equilibrium there is everybody cheats and you're for the only way you can be you can play a win-win game is if you have long-term iterated moves. But that's not actually the most common game played in society. The most common game played as one called a stags hunt where if we cooperate, we can bring down a big stag and both have big dinners, but if we don't cooperate, then we have to go hunt like rabbits and we each have small dinners.
每个人都背叛,以及纳什均衡。那里面稳定的均衡就是所有人都背叛,而你唯一能玩双赢游戏的办法,就是有长期的重复博弈。但那其实并不是社会中最常见的博弈。最常见的博弈叫猎鹿博弈:如果我们合作,就能猎到一头大鹿,两个人都能吃上大餐;但如果我们不合作,那就只能去猎兔子之类的,各自只能吃顿小餐。
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24:54
So most of uh and and that game has two stable equilibriums. And one could be where we're both hunting the rabbit and one could be where we're hunting the stag. So the high trust society is a more most more virtuous society where I can trust you to come hunt the stag with me and show up on time and do the work and divide it up properly. So you want to live in a system where everybody has their own set of virtues and follows them and then we all win. But I would argue you don't need to do that for sacrifice. You don't need to do that for other people. You can do it just purely for yourself. You will have higher self-esteem. You will attract other high virtue people.
所以大部分……而且那个博弈有两个稳定均衡。一个可能是我们俩都在猎兔子,另一个可能是我们在猎鹿。所以高信任社会是一个更有美德的社会,在那里我能信任你会来跟我一起猎鹿、会准时到、会好好干活、会公平地分配。所以你会想生活在一个每个人都有自己的一套美德并且遵循它们的系统里,然后我们就都赢了。但我会我认为你不需要为了牺牲而这么做。你不需要为了别人这么做。你完全可以单纯为自己而做。你会拥有更高的自尊。你会吸引来其他品德高尚的人。
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25:29
Would I go on a stag hunt with me? Correct. Yeah, that's right. And if you're the kind of person, if you're the kind of person who long-term signals ethics and virtues, then you will attract other people who are ethical and virtuous. Whereas, if you are a shark, you will eventually find yourself swimming entirely amongst sharks. And that's an unpleasant existence. But again, this goes back to the equivalent of the marshmallow test. And by the way, the marshmallow test does not replicate. I saw it replication crisis hard recently.
"我愿意和我自己一起去猎鹿吗?"没错。对,就是这样。而如果你是那种人,如果你是那种长期释放出伦理和品德信号的人,那你就会吸引来其他有道德、有品德的人。反过来,如果你是一条鲨鱼,你最终会发现自己身边游着的全都是鲨鱼。那是一种很不愉快的生存状态。但话说回来,这又回到了棉花糖实验那种道理。顺便说一句,棉花糖实验是无法被复现的。我最近看到它在复现危机中栽得很惨。
便签引用
25:58
But it is about trading off the short term for the long term. Uh, and so I think for a lot of these so-called virtues, there are long-term selfish reasons to be virtuous. Yeah. Uh, did you deal with self-doubt in the past? Is that something that was a hurdle for you to overcome? Yes and no. I think I I dealt with self-doubt in the sense that, oh, I don't know what I'm doing and I need to figure it out. Um, but I didn't doubt myself in the way of somebody else knows better than me for me or that, you know, I'm an idiot or I'm not worthwhile or anything that I I guess I had the benefit of I grew up with a lot of love like the people around me love me unconditionally. And so that just gave me a lot of confidence. Uh, not the kind of confidence that would say I have the answer, but the kind of confidence that I will figure it out and I know what I want or only I am a good arbiter of what I want.
但它讲的是用短期去换取长期。呃,所以我认为,对于很多所谓的美德来说,做一个有德之人是有长期的、利己的理由的。是啊。呃,你过去有没有经历过自我怀疑?那是你曾经需要克服的一道坎吗?算有也算没有。我觉得我经历过的自我怀疑是那种,噢,我不知道自己在干什么,我得把它弄明白。嗯,但我从来没有以那种方式怀疑过自己——比如别人比我更清楚什么对我好,或者,你知道的,我是个白痴、我不值得什么的。我想我的幸运之处在于,我是在很多爱当中长大的,身边的人都无条件地爱我。所以这给了我很大的信心。呃,不是那种会说"我知道答案"的信心,而是那种"我会把它弄明白"的信心,以及我知道自己想要什么、只有我自己才是判断我想要什么的合格裁判。
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26:53
Yeah. That level of self-belief, I suppose, allows you to determine what is it that matters to me, my self-esteem, should I chase this thing or not? I can make a fair judgment on that as opposed to being so swayed. But it's such a good point about even if you think you're not consciously logging the stuff that you're doing, there is some that's in the back of your mind. Was it the Damon? Is that what the ancient Greeks or something used to talk about? Yeah. The Yeah. Also in computer science like there's a concept of a demon which is a uh a program that's always running in the background. You can't see it.
是啊。我想,那种程度的自我信念,能让你判断出什么对我来说是重要的、我的自尊是什么、我该不该去追这个东西。我可以对此做出公允的判断,而不是被轻易左右。但你刚才那点说得真好——即使你觉得自己没有在有意识地记录你做的那些事,它还是会有一部分留在你的脑海深处。那是叫"代蒙"吗?古希腊人之类的是不是就讲过这个?对。那个……对。在计算机科学里也有一个概念叫 daemon(守护进程),就是一个一直在后台运行的程序。你看不见它。
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27:26
Okay. Um but yeah, it probably comes from the ancient Greek demon. Uh but yeah, I what you know that you don't even know you know is far greater than what you know you know, right? You can't even articulate most of the things you know. There are feelings you have that have no words for them. There are thoughts you have that are felt within the body or subconsciously that you never articulate to yourself. You don't really you can't articulate the rules of grammar yet you exercise them effortlessly when you speak. So I would argue that your implicit knowledge and your knowledge that is unknown to yourself is far greater than the knowledge you can articulate and that you can communicate.
好的。嗯,不过是的,它多半就来自古希腊语的 daemon。呃,但确实,你知道却连自己都不知道自己知道的东西,远远多过你知道自己知道的东西,对吧?你知道的大多数事情,你甚至都没法用语言表述出来。有些感受你有,却找不到词来形容。有些念头你有,是在身体里感受到的,或者是在潜意识里的,你从来没对自己明确表述过。你其实……你说不清语法规则,但你在说话时却毫不费力地在运用它们。所以我认为,你的隐性知识,以及你自己都不知道的那部分知识,要远远超出了你能表达、能传达出来的知识范畴。
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28:03
And so at some level you're always watching yourself. That's what your consciousness is, right? It's the thing that's watching everything including your mind, including your body. M so if you want to uh have high self-esteem then earn your own selfrespect. I had this idea the internal golden rule. So the golden rule says treat others the way that you should be treated. You want to be treated. The internal golden rule says treat yourself like others should have treated you and it was a a repost to maybe people that didn't grow up with unconditional love. Yeah.
所以在某种层面上,你一直在观察你自己。这就是你的意识,对吧?它是那个观察着一切的东西,包括你的心智,也包括你的身体。所以如果你想拥有高自尊,那就去赢得你自己的自我尊重。我有个想法,叫'内在的黄金法则'。黄金法则说的是,你希望别人怎么对你,你就怎么对别人。而这个内在的黄金法则说的是:用别人本该对待你的方式来对待你自己。这算是对那些在成长过程中没有得到过无条件的爱的人的一种回应。是啊。
便签引用
28:37
In that way. On the love thing, one of the interesting things about love is you can try to remember the feeling of being loved. So go back to when someone was in love with you or someone did love you and like really remember that feeling like really sit with it and try to recreate it within yourself and then go to the feeling of you loving someone and when you were in love. And I'm not even talking about romantic love necessarily. So be a little careful there. I'm talking more about like love for it can sometimes get complex if you're talking about past romantic love, right? a sibling or a child or something like that or or a parent and uh think about when you felt love towards someone or something. And now which is better?
从这个意义上说。说到爱,关于爱有一件很有意思的事,就是你可以试着回忆被人爱着的那种感觉。回到某个人爱上你、或者某个人真的爱过你的时刻,好好去回忆那种感觉,真的静下来体会它,试着在自己内心把它重新创造出来。然后再去体会你爱着某个人的感觉,你坠入爱河时的那种感觉。而且我说的不一定是浪漫的爱情。所以在这儿要稍微小心一点。我更多指的是那种爱,因为如果你想的是过去的恋情,有时候会变得很复杂,对吧?可以是对兄弟姐妹、对孩子之类的,或者对父母的爱。想一想你对某个人或某样东西心怀爱意的时候。那么,哪一种更好呢?
便签引用
29:18
And I would argue that the feeling of being in love is actually more exhilarating than the feeling of being loved. Being loved is a little clawing. It's a little too sweet. You kind of want to push the person away. It's a little embarrassing. And you know that if that person is too much into it that you feel constrained. On the other hand, the feeling of being in love is very expansive. It's very open. It actually makes you a better version of yourself. It makes you want to be a better person. And so you can create love anytime you want. It's just that craving to receive it. That's the problem.
我认为,爱着别人的感觉其实比被人爱着的感觉更令人振奋。被爱有点黏人,有点太甜腻了。你会有点想把那个人推开。会有点难为情。而且你知道,如果那个人陷得太深,你会觉得被束缚。另一方面,爱着别人的感觉是非常开阔的,非常开放的。它实际上会让你成为更好的自己。它让你想要成为一个更好的人。所以你随时都可以创造出爱来。问题只在于,你渴望去得到爱,这才是症结所在。
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29:47
The most expensive trait is pride. How come? Oh, that was a recent one. Uh I I tweeted that just because I think that uh pride is the enemy of learning. So when I look at my friends and colleagues, the ones who are still stuck in the past and have grown the least are the ones who were the proudest because they sort of feel like they already had the answers. And so they don't want to correct themselves publicly. And so this goes back to the fame conversation. You get locked into something you said. It made you famous. You're known for that.
代价最高昂的品性是骄傲。为什么呢?哦,那是最近才想到的。我发这条推文,只是因为我觉得骄傲是学习的敌人。当我观察我的朋友和同事时,那些还困在过去、成长最少的人,恰恰是最骄傲的那些人,因为他们多少觉得自己已经掌握了答案。所以他们不愿意公开纠正自己。这就回到了我们之前聊的名气的话题。你被自己说过的某句话给锁死了。它让你出了名。人们就认定你是那样的人。
便签引用
30:16
And now you want to pivot or change. So pride prevents you from saying I'm wrong. It What's pride in this context here? It could be as simple as you're trading stocks and then you don't admit you were wrong. So you hang on to a lousy trait. Uh it could be that you uh made a decision to uh you know marry someone or move somewhere or enter a profession, it doesn't work out and then you don't want to admit that you were wrong so you get stuck in it. Uh it's mostly about getting trapped in local maxima as opposed to going back down and climbing up the mountain again.
而现在你想转向、想改变。所以骄傲会让你说不出'我错了'这句话。在这里,骄傲具体指什么?可以简单到:你在炒股,然后你不肯承认自己看错了。于是你死抱着一只烂股票不放。也可能是你做了某个决定,比如说和某人结婚、搬到某个地方、或者进入某个行业,结果并不顺利,然后你不愿意承认自己错了,于是就困在里面出不来。这主要是关于陷在局部最大值里,而不是先下山、再重新爬另一座山。
便签引用
30:45
Mhm. And that's why it's an expensive trade because you continue to need to repay it in one form or another. Yeah. You're you're just stuck at a suboptimal point. Uh it's going to cost you money. it's going to cost you success and time and time. Uh the great artists always have this ability to start over whether it's Paul Simon or Madonna or you two and I'm dating myself a little bit. Um but even the great entrepreneurs, they're just always willing to start over. Uh I'm always struck by the Elon Musk story where, you know, he uh he did PayPal as X.com originally. Actually, it was his his financial institution that got merged into PayPal.
嗯。所以这是一笔代价高昂的交易,因为你得不断以各种形式去偿还它。是啊。你就是卡在了一个次优的位置上。这会让你损失金钱,让你损失成功,还有时间。还有时间。伟大的艺术家总是有从头再来的能力,不管是保罗·西蒙、麦当娜还是U2,我这么说有点暴露年龄了。嗯,但就连那些伟大的创业者,他们也总是愿意从头再来。埃隆·马斯克的故事总是让我印象很深,你知道,他当初做PayPal时用的是X.com这个名字。其实是他那家金融公司后来被并进了PayPal。
便签引用
31:19
It's good that you've got the domain. You know what I mean? Yeah, exactly. I'll park that. I'll hold on. He's consistent. He's been using it for quite a while. Um, and he said something like along the lines of, uh, I made $200 million from the sale of PayPal. I put $100 million into SpaceX, 80 million Tesla, 20 into Solar City, and I had to borrow money for rent. Right? This guy is a perennial risk taker. He's always willing to start over. He doesn't have any pride about being seen as successful or being seen as a failure. He's willing to put it all in.
你把那个域名拿下了,这挺好的。你懂我意思吧?是啊,没错。我先占着,我留着不放。他挺执着的,这名字他用了相当久了。嗯,他说过大概这样一句话:我卖掉PayPal赚了两亿美元,我把一亿投进了SpaceX,八千万投特斯拉,两千万投Solar City,结果我还得借钱交房租。对吧?这家伙是个天生的冒险者。他永远愿意从头再来。他对于别人怎么看他——是成功还是失败——完全没有那种虚荣心。他愿意把一切都押上去。
便签引用
31:46
Back himself again each time. Back himself again each time. But the key thing is he's always willing to start over, right? even now when he's sort of made his his new startup is a USA, right? He's basically trying to fix it like he would fix one of his startups. And I think that is a willingness to look like a fool and that is a willingness to start over. And a lot of people just don't have that. They become successful or they become rich or they become famous and that's it. They're stuck. They don't want to go back to zero. And creating anything great requires zero to one. And that means you go back to zero and that's really painful and hard to do. Talking about risk, something I've been thinking about a lot to do with you. Any moment when you're not having a good time, when you're not really happy, you're not doing anyone any favors. I think lots of people have become unusually familiar with suffering silently in that sort of a way of not having a high bar for your expectation for quality of life. Uh yeah, a lot of it is
每一次都再赌自己一把。每一次都再赌自己一把。但关键是,他永远愿意从头再来,对吧?哪怕是现在,他某种意义上把美国当成了他的新创业公司,对吧?他基本上就是想像修补自己的创业公司那样去修补它。我觉得这就是一种甘愿被人看作傻子的意愿,也是一种从头再来的意愿。而很多人根本做不到这一点。他们成功了,或者有钱了,或者出名了,然后就到此为止了。他们被困住了。他们不想回到零。而创造任何伟大的东西都需要从零到一。这就意味着你得回到零,而这真的很痛苦、很难做到。说到风险,有件事我一直在琢磨,和你有关。任何时候,当你过得不开心、当你其实并不快乐的时候,你并没有在帮任何人的忙。我觉得很多人已经变得异常习惯于那样默默地受苦,对自己的生活质量没有设定一个高标准。嗯,是啊,很大程度上这就是你用一套说辞把自己洗脑到了一个糟糕的结果里,因为你觉得受苦
便签引用
32:46
just you're memeing yourself into a bad outcome because you think that somehow suffering is glorious or that it makes you a better person or you know my old quip was if you're so smart why aren't you happy? Why can't you figure that one out? Um the reality is you can be smart and happy. There are plenty of people in human history who are smart and happy. Uh and I think it just starts with saying yeah you know what I'm I'm going to be happy. There was a guy that I met in Thailand a long time ago and uh he used to work for Tony Robbins. uh you know he had a great attitude and uh we were sitting around and he said you know uh he said I realized one day that someone out there had to be the happiest person in the world like there just that person just has to exist he said why not me I'll take on that burden I'll be that guy and I heard that I was like wow that's pretty good that's a good frame right he knew how to reframe things and so I think a lot of happiness is just a choice uh in the sense that you
不知怎么就很光荣,或者觉得它让你成为一个更好的人,或者你知道我以前常说的那句俏皮话:如果你这么聪明,那你为什么不快乐呢?这道题你怎么就解不出来?嗯,现实是你可以既聪明又快乐。人类历史上有大把的人既聪明又快乐。嗯,我觉得这件事的起点,就是你对自己说:是啊,你知道吗,我要快乐起来。很久以前我在泰国遇到过一个人,嗯,他以前给托尼·罗宾斯工作。嗯,你知道,他的心态特别好,嗯,我们当时坐在一块儿,他说,你知道吗,嗯,他说我有一天意识到,这世上总得有一个人是最快乐的世界上总得有这么个人,就是说必须得有人来干这事,他说那为什么不能是我呢?我来扛这个担子,我来当这个人。我听到这话的时候就想,哇,这太棒了,这个视角真好,对吧?他懂得怎么重新框定事情。所以我觉得幸福很大程度上只是一个选择,意思是说,你首先得认定自己:其实我就是要做一个
便签引用
33:40
make first you just identify yourself as actually I'm going be a person that's going to be happy. I'm going to figure it out. And you just figure it out along the way. You're not going to lose your other predilictions. You're not going to lose your ambition or your desire for success. I think a lot of people have this fear that, oh, if I'm happy, then I won't want to be successful. No, you'll just want to do things that are more aligned with the happy version of you, and you'll be successful at those things. And believe me, the happy version of you is not going to look back at the unhappy version and say, "Oh man, that that guy was going to be more success. I wish I was him."
幸福的人。我会想办法做到。然后你就在这个过程中慢慢摸索出来。你不会因此失去你其他的那些偏好。你不会失去你的野心,也不会失去你对成功的渴望。我觉得很多人都有这种恐惧,觉得,哦,如果我幸福了,那我就不想成功了。不会的,你只是会更想去做那些更贴合幸福版本的你的事情,而且你在那些事情上会很成功。而且相信我,幸福版本的你绝不会回头看着那个不幸福的自己说:「天啊,那家伙本来能更成功的,我真希望我是他。」
便签引用
34:08
You're actually trying to be successful so you'll be happy. That's the whole point. you have you've gotten it backwards. You you unlocked one of my trap cards. Um, one of my favorite insights is that we sacrifice the thing we want for the thing that's supposed to get it. So, we sacrifice happiness in order to be successful so that when we're finally sufficiently successful, we can actually be happy. And if you have some sort of simultaneous equation and you just sort of stripped success off from both sides, the at least in my own life, I have not found there to be a trade-off. If anything, I have found that the happier I get, the more I am going to do the things that I'm good at and aligned with and that will make me even happier. And so, I actually end up more successful, not less. The aligned with thing is interesting. Uh, I'm going to try and put this across as delicately as I can.
你努力想成功,本来就是为了让自己幸福啊。这才是重点。你把顺序搞反了。你触发了我的一张陷阱卡。嗯,我最喜欢的洞见之一就是:我们为了得到某样东西的手段,牺牲了那样东西本身。所以我们牺牲幸福去换取成功,好让自己终于足够成功的时候,才能真正幸福起来。如果你把它看成一个联立方程式,然后把「成功」从等式两边都消掉,至少在我自己的人生里,我并没有发现这两者之间有什么取舍关系。恰恰相反,我发现我越幸福,就越会去做那些我擅长的、和我契合的事情,而这些事又让我更加幸福。所以我最后反而更成功了,而不是更不成功。「契合」这个说法很有意思。呃,我尽量把接下来这话说得委婉一点。
便签引用
34:54
I would say from the bit of time that we'd spent together, you have a really interesting trait of holistic selfishness. Uh, you're sort of prepared to put yourself first. um you seem largely unfazed by saying or doing things that might might result in other people feeling a little bit awkward if it's truthful for you. Uh it's like unapologetically self-prioritizing, I guess. Yeah, I think everybody is. Uh maybe unapologetic is the part that's that's relatively uh rare, but I think everybody puts themselves first. That's just human nature. You're you're here because you survive. You're a separate organism.
我想说,从我们相处的这段不长的时间来看,你身上有一种很有意思的特质,一种整体性的自私。呃,你某种程度上愿意把自己放在第一位。嗯,你好像完全不介意说出或做出一些可能会让别人觉得有点尴尬的事,只要那对你来说是真实的。呃,就像是毫不愧疚地把自己放在优先位置,我想是这样。是啊,我觉得每个人都是这样。呃,也许「毫不愧疚」这部分算是比较少见的,但我觉得每个人都会把自己放在第一位。这就是人的本性。你能站在这里,是因为你活了下来。你是一个独立的个体。
便签引用
35:31
That's interesting. I'm maybe. But I know we like to virtue signal and pretend we're doing it for each other. How many how many times does somebody say, "Yeah, of course. I'd love to come to the wedding." They're like, "I don't want to be at the [ __ ] wedding." How many times does someone say, "How are you doing today?" And they don't tell you. How many I don't go to weddings. But this is my point. So I don't think you're necessarily right with that. I think that people do I don't think they put themselves first.
这挺有意思的。我……也许吧。但我知道我们都喜欢做道德表演,假装自己是在为别人付出。有多少次有人说:「当然啦,我很乐意去参加你的婚礼。」其实心里想的是:「我他妈根本不想去那个婚礼。」有多少次有人问:「你今天过得怎么样?」然后根本不告诉你。有多少……我不去参加婚礼的。但这正是我想说的。所以我觉得你这个说法不一定对。我觉得人们确实……我不觉得他们是把自己放在第一位。
便签引用
05删掉日历:自由、灵感与不排日程
35:51
I sometimes think that they they compromise what it is that they want in order to appease socially what's in front of them. Yeah. I just view it as you're wast everyone's wasting their time on it. Um, don't do something you don't want to do. Why Why are you wasting your time? There's so little time on this earth. Life goes fast. What is it? 4,000 weeks. That's your lifespan. Um, and and yes, we hear that, but we don't remember it. But, uh, I guess I'm keenly aware of how little time I have, so I'm just not going to waste it. How have you got more comfortable at um, being the unapologetic self- prioritizer?
我有时候觉得,他们是在妥协自己真正想要的东西,只为了在社交场合上迎合眼前的情况。是啊。我就觉得,大家都是在这件事上浪费时间。嗯,不想做的事就别做。为什么?你为什么要浪费自己的时间?我们在这世上的时间太少了。人生过得很快。是多少来着?四千个星期。那就是你的一辈子。嗯,是的,我们都听过这话,但我们记不住。不过,呃,我大概是特别清楚自己剩下的时间有多少,所以我就是不打算浪费它。你是怎么变得越来越坦然地把自己放在第一位、而且毫不愧疚的?
便签引用
36:28
Yeah, I've gotten I've gotten utterly more and more ruthless on it. Ma mainly it's that I see or hear people's freedom and then that liberates me further. So I read a uh I read a blog post by uh P Mark aka Mark Andre where he said don't keep a schedule and I took that to heart. So I deleted my calendar and I don't keep a schedule. I try to remember it all in my head. If I can't remember it, I'm not going to add I'm glad you got here on time. Yeah, exactly. Um I hate to look things up at the last minute. Mhm.
是啊,我在这件事上变得越来越彻底地不留情面。主要是因为我看到或听到别人身上的那种自由,然后那又让我进一步解放了自己。比如我读过一篇,呃,Marc Andreessen 写的博客文章,他说不要安排日程表,我就记在心里了。所以我把日历删掉了,我不排日程。我尽量把所有事都记在脑子里。如果我记不住,那我就不会加进去——我很高兴你今天准时到了。是啊,没错。嗯,我特别讨厌到最后一刻才去查东西。嗯。
便签引用
36:55
Uh so, but ironically, I don't even know if Mark himself follows that, but he made the correct point. Uh I read a little story about Jack Dorsey doing all his business off his uh iPhone and iPad and not even going into a Mac, and I said, "Okay, I want to do that." So, I'm going to operate through text messaging and not put up my nasty email. Does that feel like more freedom? It does. Yeah. Cuz you're on the go. Um so, I have a nasty email autoresponder that says, "I don't check email and don't text me either." Right. If you need to find me, you'll find me.
呃,讽刺的是,我都不知道 Marc 自己有没有照做,但他这个观点是对的。呃,我还读过一个小故事,讲 Jack Dorsey 所有的工作都在 iPhone 和 iPad 上处理,连 Mac 都不用,然后我就说:“好,我也要这么干。”所以我打算只用短信来沟通,而不去挂一个很难搞的邮箱。那感觉是不是更自由?确实是。对,因为你是在移动中的。嗯,所以我设了一个很不客气的邮件自动回复,写着:“我不看邮件,也别给我发短信。”对吧。如果你真需要找我,你总会找到我的。
便签引用
37:21
Obviously, some of this is a luxury of success, but some of these habits I adopted long before actually the hostile email autoresponder started a long time ago. Um, I used to own the domain. I let it go. I don't do coffee.com. I used to reply from that email uh just so people would get the point. But I stopped being rude about it. Now I just ghost. I just disappear. Um, my wife knows not to ever uh book or schedule me for anything. Uh, I'm not expect I'm not expected to go to couples dinners. I'm not expect to go to birthdays. I'm not expect to go to weddings. If somebody tries to rope her into having me show up, she says he makes his own decisions. You got to ask him directly.
当然,这里面有一部分是成功带来的奢侈,但有些习惯我是在成功之前很久就养成的,其实那个不客气的自动回复很早就开始用了。嗯,我以前还拥有一个域名,后来放掉了,叫 idontdocoffee.com。我以前会用那个邮箱回信,呃,就是让对方明白我的意思。但后来我不再用这种不礼貌的方式了。现在我就直接不回,直接消失。嗯,我太太知道永远不要替我答应或安排任何事情。呃,别人不指望我去夫妻聚餐,不指望我去生日会,也不指望我去婚礼。如果有人想通过她来让我出席,她会说他自己做决定,你得直接去问他。
便签引用
37:58
What about vice versa? Well, are you not killing serendipity in a way that No, no. I'm freeing up all my time. So, my entire life is serendipity. I get to interact with whoever I want, whenever I want, wherever. You'll hear the invite, but make the decision because if you're if there's fewer things in coming, you're assuming that you know what's best for you to anything in the future. So, I'll say, "Okay, if that thing is interesting, I'll see if I can get in that day when I'm in the mood." But there's nothing worse than something coming up that your past self committed you to that your present self doesn't want to do.
那反过来呢?你这样是不是在某种程度上扼杀了偶然性?不不,我是把所有时间都空出来了。所以我整个人生都是偶然性。我可以在任何时间、任何地点,和任何我想见的人打交道。你会听到那个邀请,但由你来做决定,因为如果,如果进来的事情更少,你其实是在假设你现在就知道未来什么对自己最好。所以我会说,“好,如果那件事有意思,等到那天我有心情的时候,我看看能不能去。”但没有什么比这更糟的了:一件过去的你替你答应下来的事,现在的你根本不想做。
便签引用
38:27
God damn it. Past. Yeah. And then it destroys your entire calendar. It destroys your your day because there's like, oh, this 1 hour slot which is sitting like a turd on my calendar that I have to like schedule my whole day around. I can't do anything the 20 minutes before, the 20 minutes afterwards. Even for phone calls, if someone wants to do a phone call, say, "Okay, just text me when you're free. I'll text you when I'm free." and we'll just do it on the fly. It's a much better way of living than this overly scheduled uh you know cal.com or iical whatever.
真该死。过去的自己。是啊。然后它会毁掉你整个日历,毁掉你一整天,因为就像,哦,这一个小时的时间块像坨屎一样躺在我日历上,我整天的安排都得围着它转。它前面的二十分钟我干不了事,后面的二十分钟也干不了。就算是打电话也一样,如果有人想通电话,我会说:“行,你有空的时候给我发个消息。我有空的时候也给你发。”然后我们就随机应变。这种生活方式比那种排得满满的,呃,你懂的,cal.com 或者 iCal 什么的要好太多了。
便签引用
38:53
The uh the overscheduled life is not worth living. It's not. I think it's a terrible way to live life. That's not how we evolved. It's not how we grew up. Um it's not how how we were as children hopefully uh unless you're a helicopter parent or a tiger mom. Um your natural order is freedom. Uh I had a friend who uh said to me once, you know, uh I never want to have to be at a specific place at a specific time. And I was like, "Oh my god, that's freedom." When I heard that, that changed my life right there.
呃,那种被日程塞满的人生不值得过。确实不值得。我觉得那是一种很糟糕的活法。我们进化出来不是这样的。我们也不是这么长大的。嗯,我们小时候也不是这样——但愿不是啦,除非你摊上了直升机父母或者虎妈。嗯,你的自然状态就是自由。呃,我有个朋友有一次对我说,你知道吗,呃,我永远不想必须在某个特定的时间出现在某个特定的地点。我当时就想:“天啊,这就是自由。”我听到那句话的一瞬间,我的人生就被改变了。
便签引用
39:20
You still arm alarm clockless? Yes, I'm alarm clockless. Today, I did set my alarm clock just so I wouldn't miss this. Very important. Yeah. If you still, but just so you know, I set the alarm clock from 11:00 a.m. in case I was stricken with a flu that day. I wasn't going to set my alarm clock for 8:00 a.m. or 9:00 a.m. And sure enough, I got up many hours before that. Um, but it was sort of a backup emergency alarm. In fact, sometimes when I something that I need to do, I don't want to look at a calendar, so I'll just set an alarm for it.
你现在还是不用闹钟吗?是的,我不用闹钟。今天我倒是定了闹钟,就是怕错过这次录制。很重要嘛。是啊。不过你要知道,我把闹钟定在上午十一点,是怕那天万一得了流感。我可不会把闹钟定在早上八点或九点。结果不出所料,我比那早好几个小时就起来了。嗯,但那只是一个备用的应急闹钟。其实有时候我有件必须做的事,又不想去看日历,那我就干脆设个闹钟提醒。
便签引用
39:50
Just sink a little bit more into that like kind of that [ __ ] you energy, that self- prioritizing energy because I think people rationally love the idea of this. I'm going to do what only I want to do. uh even if they've got the level of freedom, it's not [ __ ] you energy in the sense that I think everyone should live their life that way to the greatest extent possible. Obviously, we have our requirements around work and obligations that are genuinely important to us. But don't fritter away your life on randomly scheduled things and things that aren't important don't matter and events and weddings and you know tedious dinners with tedious people that you don't want to go to. To the extent you can bring freedom into your life, optimize for that, you'll actually be more productive. You won't just be happier and more free. You will be more productive because then you can focus on what is in front of you, whatever the biggest problem of that day. When I wake up in the morning, uh the first 4 hours
再多聊一点那种,就是那种“去他妈的”的能量,那种把自己放在第一位的能量,因为我觉得人们在理性上都很喜欢这个想法。我只做我自己想做的事。呃,就算他们有这种自由度——它其实不是那种“去他妈的”能量,我的意思是我认为每个人都应该尽可能这样过自己的生活。当然,我们都有工作上的要求,也有一些对我们来说真正重要的义务。但是别把你的人生虚耗在那些随便排进来的事情上、那些不重要也无所谓的事情上、那些活动、婚礼,还有你根本不想去的、跟无趣的人吃的无趣的饭局上。在你能力范围内,尽量把自由带进你的生活,为它做优化,你反而会更高产。你不只是会更快乐、更自由,你还会更高产,因为那样你才能专注于眼前的事,专注于那一天最重要的问题。我早上醒来之后,呃,头四个小时是我精力最充沛的时候,那就是我想解决所有难题的
便签引用
40:42
are when I have the most energy and that's when I want to solve all the hard problems. And the next 4 hours are when I kind of want to, you know, do some more outdoorsy activities or I want to work out or maybe I can, you know, have some meetings, but I'll try to do those last second based on whatever the day's priorities demand. the last 4 hours I kind of want to wind down. I want to hang out with the kids and I want to play games or read a book or something like that. So having that flexibility and freedom is really important. So you can just put whatever is most needed into the slot at that moment. Uh and instead if I have like a meeting at 2 p.m. and then I have to like get a thing and some emails done, I put that off till 6 p.m. I'm rushing. I'm not going to be productive.
时候。接下来的四个小时,我大概想做点户外活动,或者我想健身,也许可以安排一些会面,但我会尽量临时再定,看那天的优先级需要什么。最后四个小时我就想放松下来。我想跟孩子们待在一起,我想玩玩游戏、读读书之类的。所以拥有那种灵活性和自由真的很重要。这样你就能把当下最需要做的事放进那个时间段里。呃,反过来,如果我下午两点有个会,然后我还得搞定一件事和一些邮件,我只能推到晚上六点,那我就很赶。我不可能高效。
便签引用
41:24
I'm not going to be uh You're certainly not free. You're not I'm definitely not free. But also another thing that I really believe is that inspiration is perishable. Act on it immediately. So when you're inspired to do something, do that thing. If I'm inspired to write a blog post, I want to do it at that moment. If I'm inspired to send a tweet, I want to do it at that moment. If I'm inspired to solve a problem, I do it that moment. If I'm inspired to read a book, I want to read it right then. If I'm inspired to solve a problem, I solve it right there.
我也不可能——你肯定也不自由。我绝对不自由。但我还非常相信的另一件事是:灵感是会腐坏的。要立刻行动。所以当你被某件事激发了灵感,就去做那件事。如果我突然有灵感想写篇博客,我就想在那一刻写。如果我有灵感想发条推文,我就想在那一刻发。如果我有灵感想解决某个问题,我就当下解决。如果我有灵感想读一本书,我就想马上读。如果我有灵感想攻克一个问题,我就当场攻克。
便签引用
41:48
If I want to learn something, I I do it at the moment of curiosity. The moment the curiosity arrives, I go learn that thing immediately. I download the book. I get on Google. I get on ChatGpt, whatever. I will figure that thing out on the spot and that's when the learning happens. It doesn't happen because I've scheduled time because I've set an hour aside because when that time arrives I might be in a different mood. I might just want to do something different. So I think that spontaneity is really important. You're going to learn best when you're having fun when you generally are enjoying the process not when you're forced to sit there and do it. How much do you remember from school? You know you were forced to learn geography, history, mathematics on this schedule at this time according to this person. Didn't happen. All the stuff that sticks with you is you learned it when you wanted to, when you genuinely had the desire. And that freedom, that ability to act on something the moment you want to is so
如果我想学点什么,我就在好奇心涌现的那一刻去学。好奇心一到,我立刻去学那个东西。我把书下载下来。我上 Google。我上 ChatGPT,随便什么。我会当场把那件事搞明白,而学习就是在那时候发生的。它不会因为我安排了时间、因为我预留了一小时而发生,因为等到那个时间点,我可能心情已经不一样了。我可能只是想干点别的。所以我觉得自发性真的很重要。你在玩得开心的时候、在真正享受这个过程的时候学得最好,而不是在你被逼着坐那儿硬学的时候。你还记得多少学校里的东西?你知道的,你被逼着按这个课表、在这个时间、照着这个人的要求去学地理、历史、数学。根本没学进去。真正留在你身上的,都是你自己想学的时候学的,是你真心有渴望的时候学的。而那种自由,那种想做就能立刻去做的能力,是如此让人解放,以至于我们大多数人
便签引用
42:36
liberating that most of us go through our lives with very very little tastes of that. If you live your entire life that way, that is a recipe for happiness. It feels like efficiency that that you have efficient also. You have the inspiration that is going to be the most frictionless time to ever do that particular task. So, oh, I've had the inspiration to do that. I'll put that off until a time when I no longer really want to do it quite so much. And while I do want to do that thing, I'll do something else that I needed to do because it's on the schedule.
一辈子只尝到过极少极少的那种滋味。如果你能一辈子那样活着,那就是通往幸福的配方。感觉那也是一种效率,你同时也很高效。你有灵感的那一刻,恰恰是做那件特定的事阻力最小的时刻。所以,哦,我对那件事有灵感了,可我要把它推迟到一个我已经没那么想做它的时候。而且在我其实想做那件事的时候,我却去做另一件因为排在日程上而不得不做的事。
便签引用
43:02
It does not work. Procrastination is because you don't want to do that thing right now. You want to do something else. Go do that something else. I reject this frame that efficiency and productivity and success are counter to happiness and freedom. They actually go together. How so? The happier you are, the more you can sustain doing something, the more likely you're going to do something that will in turn make you even happier. and you'll continue to do it and you'll outwork everybody else. The more free you are, the better you can allocate your time and the less you're caught up in a web of obligations and commitments and the more you can focus on the task at hand. In other news, this episode is brought to you by Function. Staying on top of your health requires more than just an annual physical, which is why I partnered with Function. They run lab tests twice a year to track over a 100 biomarkers and monitor for early signs of thousands of diseases. They even screen for 50 types of cancer at stage
这是行不通的。拖延就是因为你现在不想做那件事。你想做别的事。那就去做那件别的事。我不认同那种把效率、生产力和成功与幸福和自由对立起来的框架。它们其实是一体的。怎么说?你越快乐,就越能持续地做一件事,也就越有可能去做那些反过来让你更快乐的事。然后你就会一直做下去,你会比所有人都更能干。你越自由,就越能更好地分配自己的时间,就越不会被一堆义务和承诺织成的网缠住,也就越能专注于手头的事情。另外说一句,本期节目由 Function 赞助。管好自己的健康,光靠一年一次的体检是不够的,所以我和 Function 合作了。他们一年做两次化验,追踪超过 100 项生物标志物,监测数千种疾病的早期迹象。他们甚至能筛查 50 种癌症的一期
便签引用
43:51
one, which is five times more data than you get from an annual physical. You receive insights from a team of expert physicians who provide a detailed written clinician summary of all their observations and then phone consultations for any critical findings. Getting these lab tests done would usually cost thousands, but with function, it is only $499. And right now, you can get the exact same blood panels that I get and bypass their weight list by going to the link in the description below or heading to functionhealth.com/modernwisdom.
病变,这比你做一次年度体检拿到的数据多五倍。你会得到一支专家医生团队的解读,他们会提供一份详细的书面临床总结,列出所有观察结果,并针对任何关键发现安排电话咨询。做这些化验通常要花好几千美元,但通过 Function 只要 499 美元。现在,你可以做到和我完全一样的血液检测套餐,还能跳过他们的等候名单,方法是点击下方简介里的链接,或者访问 functionhealth.com/modernwisdom。
便签引用
06把自己产品化与探索优先
44:18
That's functionhealth.com/modernwisdism. This is related to another insight of yours. The less you want something, the less you're thinking about it, the less you're obsessing over it, the more you're going to do it in a natural way, the more you're going to do it for yourself, you're going to do it in a way that you're good at and you're going to stick with it. The people around you will see the quality of your work is higher. But this seems like a difficult tension to navigate because an obsessive attention to detail is a competitive advantage of your work as well. So you have these two things sort of conflicting with each other. No one is going to beat you at being you if it So one of the things I like to say is like find what feels like play to you but looks like work to others. So it looks like work to them but to you it feels like play. It's not work. So you're going to out compete them because you're doing it effortlessly. You're doing it for fun. They're doing it for work.
也就是 functionhealth.com/modernwisdom。这跟你的另一个洞见有关。你越不那么渴求某样东西,越不去想它,越不对它执念,你反而越会以一种自然的方式去做它,你越会为自己而做,你会用一种自己擅长的方式去做,而且你会坚持下去。你身边的人会看到你作品的质量更高。但这似乎是一个很难拿捏的张力,因为对细节近乎偏执的关注同样是你工作的竞争优势。所以你就有这两件事在互相冲突。没人能在“做你自己”这件事上赢过你——所以我很喜欢说的一句话是,去找到那种对你来说像玩、但在别人眼里像工作的事。在他们看来那是工作,但对你来说就像在玩。那不是工作。所以你会胜过他们,因为你做得毫不费力。你是为了乐趣在做。他们是当成工作在做。
便签引用
45:09
They're doing it for some byproduct. To you it's art. It's beauty. It's joy. It's it's flow. It's fulfilling. Uh, you must enjoy podcasting. If you didn't, you wouldn't be good at it. You would either, right? If you would, you if if you decided that the right way to get ahead in life was to go write books, you would nobody would have heard of you. Chris Williamson's book would be a complete flop. That's not who you are. You're a podcaster. You enjoy talking to people. You enjoy interviewing them. The more you do things that are natural to you, the less competition you have. You escape competition through authenticity.
他们是为了某种附带的结果在做。而对你来说那是艺术,是美,是喜悦。那是心流。那让人充实。呃,你肯定很享受做播客。如果你不享受,你就不会做得这么好。对吧?如果你当初认定在人生中出头的正确方式是去写书,那根本不会有人听说过你。Chris Williamson 的书会彻底扑街。那不是你这个人。你是个播客主播。你享受跟人聊天。你享受采访他们。你越是去做那些对你来说天然的事,你面对的竞争就越少。你通过做真实的自己来摆脱竞争。
便签引用
45:45
by being your own self. If I had to summarize how to be successful in life in two words, I would just say productize yourself. That's it. Just figure out what it is that you naturally do that the world might want that you can scale up and turn into a product and it'll be it'll eventually be effortless for you. Yes, there's always work required, but it won't even feel like work to you. It'll feel like play to you. And modern society gives us that opportunity. You know, if you were 2,000 years ago, you're born in a farm. Your choices are very limited, right? You're going to do stuff on that farm. Now, you can literally wake up and you can move to a different city. You can switch careers. You can switch jobs. You can change the people that you're with. Uh, you know, you can change so many things about who you are and who you're with and what you're doing that there is infinite opportunity out there for you.
靠做你自己。如果要我用两个词总结怎样在人生中取得成功,我会说:把你自己产品化。就这样。就是去搞清楚你天生就擅长做什么、而这件事又是世界可能需要的、并且能被你规模化、变成一个产品,然后它最终对你来说就会毫不费力。是的,总还是要付出努力,但你甚至不会觉得那是工作。你会觉得那是玩。而现代社会给了我们这样的机会。你想想,如果你生在两千年前,你出生在一个农场里。你的选择非常有限,对吧?你就是在那个农场上干活。而现在,你真的可以一觉醒来就搬到另一个城市。你可以换行业,可以换工作,可以换掉身边的人。你知道,关于你是谁、你和谁在一起、你在做什么,你能改变的东西太多了,外面的机会对你来说是无限的。
便签引用
46:35
Literally infinite. And so it's much better to treat this like a search function to find the people who need you the most, to find the work that needs you the most, to find the place you're best suited to be at. And it's worthwhile to spend time in that exploration before diving into exploitation. The biggest mistake in a world with so many choices is premature commitment. If you prematurely commit to being a lawyer or a doctor and now you've got like, you know, 5 years invested into that, you might have just completely missed. You might just end up in the wrong profession, the wrong place, or the wrong people for 30 years of your life grinding away. And yes, the best time to figure that out was before, but the second best time is now. So, just change it.
字面意义上的无限。所以,更好的做法是把这当成一个搜索函数——去找到最需要你的人,去找到最需要你的那份工作,去找到最适合你待的那个地方。而在一头扎进深耕之前,花时间去做这种探索是值得的。在一个选择这么多的世界里,最大的错误就是过早承诺。如果你过早地把自己绑定为一个律师或者医生,然后你在这上面投入了五年,你可能就完全错过了。你可能最后就待在错误的行业、错误的地方、和错误的人一起,磨上三十年。是的,想明白这件事的最好时机是过去,但第二好的时机就是现在。所以,那就改变它。
便签引用
47:13
And also, presumably kill things that aren't working very quickly. By default, you should kill everything. You know, if you can't decide, the answer is no. Uh, and most things you should just be saying no to. The part of my keeping my calendar free is just by default saying no to everything. Do I want to create a calendar just to add your event, right? Or to add your need or your desire. One of the other things about, you know, early on in life, you're looking for opportunities. So, you're saying yes to everything. And that is a phase that you go through.
另外,大概还得很快地砍掉那些行不通的事情。默认情况下,你应该砍掉一切。你知道,如果你拿不定主意,答案就是不。而且大多数事情你都该直接说不。我把日程表保持空闲的一部分做法,就是默认对一切说不。我需要专门建个日历,就为了加上你的活动吗?或者说,为了加上你的需求、你的愿望。还有一点,就是人生早期的时候,你在寻找机会。所以你对什么都说好。那是你必须经历的一个阶段。
便签引用
47:44
That is the exploration phase. Later, when you found the thing you want to work on, you're in the exploitation phase. You have to say no to everything by default. And if you don't say no to everything by default, if you have to even explicitly go out of your way to say no to something, that will take up time. Uh, for example, you know, there there are a lot of people out there who are into hustle culture and and a big piece of hustle culture is like, well, you're not going to get something if you don't ask for it. So, they'll hustle people. They'll always be sending you requests, messages. Yeah, this is a famous person problem, but I have it.
那是探索阶段。后来,当你找到了你想做的那件事,你就进入了深耕阶段。这时你必须默认对一切说不。如果你不默认说不,如果你每次都还得特意花力气去对某件事说不,那就会占用时间。比如说,外面有很多人很信奉那种“奋斗文化”,而奋斗文化很重要的一块就是:你不开口要,就得不到。所以他们会不停地缠你,会一直给你发各种请求、各种消息。是的,这是个名人的烦恼,但我确实有这个烦恼。
便签引用
48:13
And people are always asking me for things. And I kind of squirm when I get these messages, and I'm sure you get these two text messages, emails saying, "Hey, Chris, my friend so and so should really be on your podcast, or you should come to my event. You should write a forward for my book." And you kind of squirm when you get this, right? You have to figure out how to say no. And one of the things I learned along the way is that if you wouldn't ask somebody else to do it and then you get that request yourself, you can just dismiss it. You don't have to respond. You don't you don't even let let it enter your brain. You have to be able to delete emails and text messages without flinching if you want to scale. And scaling is very important. Scaling your time is really important. Every interruption will take you out of flow.
总有人来找我要东西。收到这些消息的时候我会有点难受,我相信你也会收到这类短信和邮件,说:“嘿 Chris,我朋友某某真的应该上你的播客”,或者“你应该来参加我的活动”“你该给我的书写个序”。收到这些你会有点难受,对吧?你得想明白怎么说不。我这一路学到的一件事是:如果这件事你自己都不会开口去求别人做,那当你收到这样的请求时,你可以直接不理。你不必回复。你甚至不用让它进入你的大脑。如果你想要规模化,你必须能够毫不犹豫地删掉邮件和短信。而规模化非常重要。把你的时间规模化真的很重要。每一次打断都会把你拉出心流。
便签引用
48:49
So the only way you can remain in flow is if you get either very good at ignoring these things by default or closing yourself off like a hermit like our mutual friend Tim Ferris does or you just become emotionally capable of not registering these as something that causes turbulence inside of you. That not registering it emotionally thing is that uh it's fundamental. That's so fundamental to so many things in life. Okay. Can we dig into that a little bit? is because again I've only seen you as you right I didn't know you 20 years ago I didn't know you as a child um so I've only seen you with this holistic selfishness the in integrated self- prioritization whatever we I don't know what we called it selfish is fine I'll take selfish I'm selfish I'm very selfish person don't contact me uh yeah that emotional reaction I also get the sense too that maybe people have lived obligation life for so long that they actually kind of struggle to tap into what it is that they want. They've hidden their wants
所以你能保持在心流里的唯一办法,要么是变得非常擅长默认忽略这些东西,要么就像我们共同的朋友 Tim Ferriss 那样把自己关起来当隐士,要么就是你在情绪上变得能够不把这些登记为会在你内心掀起波澜的东西。“在情绪上不去登记它”这件事,是很根本的。它对人生中很多事情都太根本了。好。我们能稍微深入聊聊这个吗?因为我认识的一直都是现在的你,对吧?我二十年前不认识你,我不认识小时候的你。所以我看到的一直是带着这种整体性自私的你——那种整合起来的自我优先,我也不知道我们管它叫什么叫自私就行,我认了,我自私,我是个非常自私的人,别联系我。嗯,说到那种情绪反应,我也有一种感觉:也许很多人活在“义务人生”里太久了,久到他们其实很难再触及到自己到底想要什么。他们把自己的想要、欲望和需求都藏了起来,把自己
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07观察心智:问题都是自己制造的
49:52
and their desires and their needs and they've dep prioritized themselves so much for so long they go, "What do I want actually? What what is it? Do I want to go to this thing or not?" Because all I've done is be [ __ ] puppeted, right? I've been marionetted by other people's desires for so so so long. I can't even tap into that anymore. And saying no feels like a war crime. So, so I think it's really good to be able to view your own mind and your own thoughts objectively and that is the big benefit of meditation. It creates a small gap between your conscious observation self and your mind and that lets you then look at your thoughts and evaluate them a little bit like you would a third party's statements. And uh if you just take your mind to be you and they're integrated in one and the same at all times and you're reacting from the mind, then you're not even going to question things that come into your mind. Anything that comes in that creates a reaction will immediately create a reaction. But if you can
排在后面排了太久太久,以至于他们会问:“我到底想要什么?到底是什么?我到底想不想去这个活动?”因为我做的一切都是被人当木偶一样操控,对吧?我被别人的欲望像提线木偶一样牵了太久太久,久到我已经完全触及不到自己了。而说“不”感觉像犯了战争罪。所以我觉得,能够客观地看待自己的心智和自己的念头,真的是件很好的事,而这正是冥想最大的好处。它在你那个有意识的观察者自我和你的心智之间创造出一个小小的间隙,这让你可以去审视自己的念头,并稍微评估一下它们,就像你评估第三方说的话那样。而如果你认定你的心智就是你、两者在任何时候都是合一的、你的反应都是从心智里直接发出来的,那你甚至不会去质疑那些进入你脑子里的东西。任何进来的、能引发反应的东西,都会立刻引发反应。但如果你能
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50:47
observe your thoughts a little bit and not in some woo way, but you can even just do it through therapy, you can do it through journaling, you can do it any way you would like, you can just take long walks, you don't have to meditate and do lotus position. uh all that is unnecessary. But if you can observe your own thoughts and view them a little objectively, then you can start being uh a little more choosy, a little more critical and you can realize that there are no problems in the real world other than maybe things that inflict pain on your body. Everything else has to become a problem in your mind first. You have to view it and interpret it and create a narrative that it is a problem before it becomes a problem. And then you realize that a lot of your emotional energy is spent on reacting to things that your mind is automatically saying are problems. Uh and you don't need all those problems. Do you really need that many problems in your life? Again, I would say try to focus on just one
稍微观察自己的念头——不是用什么玄学的方式,你完全可以通过心理咨询来做,也可以通过写日记来做,你想用什么方式都行,你可以就去长时间散步,你不必打坐盘莲花座。那些都不是必需的。但如果你能观察自己的念头,稍微客观地看待它们,那你就可以开始更挑剔一点、更有批判性一点,你会意识到在现实世界里其实没有什么问题,可能除了那些让你身体真的疼痛的事情。其他一切都得先在你心里变成一个问题。你得先看到它、诠释它,编出一套“这是个问题”的叙事,然后它才真的成为问题。然后你会发现,你很多的情绪能量,都花在了对那些被你的心智自动判定为“问题”的事情做出反应上。而你并不需要那么多问题。你的人生真的需要那么多问题吗?我还是那句话,试着只聚焦于一个总纲性的问题,然后去把它解决掉。就好比如果你想
便签引用
51:40
overarching problem and then go solve that problem. It's like if you want to be successful, define success very concretely. Focus on that. In everything else, when it enters your mind, it becomes a problem. Whether it's a judgment about the girl walking down the street or the car that just cut in front of you or whether it's like you know this your accountant did this stupid thing like yes it's going to trigger you but observe for a moment that like it's triggering me. I've created a problem. Do I really want to have this problem right now? Do I want to spend the energy on this problem or do I want that going somewhere else? And it it doesn't have to be that overt. You don't have to the mind mud wrestling with itself is also a problem but because it loves to do that.
成功,那就把成功定义得非常具体。聚焦在那上面。其他所有东西,一旦进入你的脑子,就会变成问题。不管是对街上走过的姑娘的一个评判,还是刚刚加塞到你前面的那辆车,或者是你的会计干了件蠢事——是的,这些会触发你,但请花一秒钟观察一下:它正在触发我。我刚刚制造了一个问题。我现在真的想要有这个问题吗?我想把能量花在这个问题上,还是想把它用到别的地方?而且它不一定要表现得那么明显。你不需要——心智自己跟自己在泥里摔跤,这本身也是个问题,只不过它就爱这么干。
便签引用
52:15
I have my problems have got problems and I have a real problem about fixing my problems. Yeah. Exactly. So you just you're going to be much happier and much more focused. Again, I think happiness and focus and success can kind of complement each other. You're going to have much more energy. Just think about as mental energy. You have much more mental energy to focus on the actual problems you want to solve if you don't start unconsciously, subconsciously, reactively picking up problems everywhere. So before anything can be a problem that takes up your emotional energy, you have to accept it as a problem. You can be choosy about your problems. And I'm not saying I'm perfect in that regard, but I think I'm better than I used to be.
我的问题有它自己的问题,而我在“解决我的问题”这件事上还有个真正的问题。对,正是如此。所以你会更快乐,也更专注。我还是认为,快乐、专注和成功是可以互相成全的。你会有多得多的能量。就把它想成心智能量。你会有多得多的心智能量去聚焦在你真正想解决的问题上——前提是你不再无意识地、潜意识地、条件反射式地到处捡问题。所以在任何东西成为消耗你情绪能量的问题之前,你必须先接受它是个问题。你可以对自己的问题挑挑拣拣。我不是说我在这方面做得完美,但我觉得我比以前好多了。
便签引用
52:54
Well, lots of people are addicted to solving problems. So much so that sometimes people create problems when we don't have any simply so that we can solve them. We have that going on. And then even worse is we take on problems that we can't affect. So, uh, you know, another one of my little quips was, uh, you know, um, a rational person, uh, can, uh, sort of a rational person should should cultivate indifference to things that are out of their control, right? Uh, or a rational person can find peace by cultivating indifference to things that are out of their control.
很多人其实对“解决问题”上瘾。上瘾到有时候在我们根本没有问题的时候还要制造问题,纯粹就为了能去解决它。我们身上都有这种毛病。而更糟的是,我们还会揽下那些我们根本影响不了的问题。所以,我有句自己编的小话是这么说的:一个理性的人,应该对那些不在自己掌控之内的事情培养一种漠然,对吧?或者说,一个理性的人可以通过对那些不在自己掌控之内的事情培养漠然,来获得内心的平静。
便签引用
53:28
Uh, and I'm as guilty as anybody of doom surfing on X or social media and getting worked up about things that I can't do anything about, right? like, do I want to be fighting those battles in my mind when I literally cannot do anything about it? So, if you find yourself looping on a problem, like you're watching the news too much and you're getting caught up in a problem you can't do anything about, um, you have to step away from that. And, uh, modern media is a delivery mechanism for mimetic viruses. And now, what's happened now is, you know, 100 years ago, 500 years ago, if something wasn't happening in your immediate vicinity, you wouldn't hear about it. it wouldn't be a problem for you. But now every single one of the world's problems has turned into a mimemetic virus which is going into the battlefield of the news and is trying to infect your mind in real time so that yeah so that you become obsessed with the war in Ukraine which is really far away or you get obsessed with climate change or you get obsessed with AI doom
而我跟任何人一样有罪——在 X 或社交媒体上刷各种末日消息,为那些我根本无能为力的事情上火,对吧?就像,当我真的什么都做不了的时候,我想在自己脑子里打那些仗吗?所以,如果你发现自己在一个问题上反复打转,比如新闻看太多了,陷进了一个你根本无能为力的问题里,你就必须从那里抽身。而现代媒体就是模因病毒的投递机制。现在发生的情况是:你知道,一百年前、五百年前,如果某件事不是发生在你身边,你根本不会听说。它对你来说就不构成问题。但现在,世界上的每一个问题都变成了一种模因病毒,进入新闻这个战场,试图实时感染你的大脑,让你——对,让你开始痴迷于离你其实非常遥远的乌克兰战争,或者痴迷于气候变化,或者痴迷于 AI 末日,或者痴迷于随便什么东西。而且
便签引用
54:26
or you get obsessed with whatever and there's nothing as riveting as the old religion the world is ending the world is ending pay attention the world is ending and if you don't Cassandra complex at global scale Cassandra complex at global scale Well, and I would argue that large percentages of the population are essentially just infected with these mimetic viruses that have taken over their brain and are causing them to do incredible girration about things that probably aren't even true or are greatly exaggerated. But even to the extent they are true, they're things that that person can do nothing about. And they should put their own house in order first. So, you know, another little line I have for myself is your family is broken, but you're going to fix the world. Right? People are running out there to try and fix the world when their own lives are a mess.
没有什么比那套古老的宗教叙事更抓人了:世界要完了,世界要完了,快看,世界要完了,如果你不……全球尺度的卡珊德拉情结。全球尺度的卡珊德拉情结。是啊,而我认为,相当大比例的人口基本上就是被这些模因病毒感染了,这些病毒占据了他们的大脑,让他们为那些很可能根本不是真的、或者被极度夸大的事情做出惊人的扭动挣扎。但即便这些事在某种程度上是真的,它们也是那个人完全无能为力的事。他们应该先把自己家里的事情理顺。所以我给自己编的另一句话是:你的家庭一团糟,你倒要去拯救世界。对吧?人们冲出去想拯救世界,而他们自己的生活却一塌糊涂。
便签引用
55:05
Oh my god. Right? And and I think it defies credibility if you can't fix your own life first. I'm not going to take you seriously if you can't fix your own life. Like all these philosophers who, you know, seem like people you emulate and so smart or like these brilliant celebrities and they go off and commit suicide. Well, you just kind of invalidated your whole way of life. It's like that line of in No Country for All Men where the killer is waiting for the protagonist and protagonist shows up and the killer says, "Well, you know, if your set of rules brought you here, then what good are your rules?" I didn't work. Um I I I I am self I'm holistically selfish in in that I want to be objectively successful in everything I set out to want.
我的天。对吧?而且我觉得,如果你连自己的生活都搞不定,那就毫无可信度。如果你连自己的人生都收拾不好,我不会把你当回事。就像那些哲学家,你知道,他们看起来像是你想效仿的人,那么聪明,或者像那些才华横溢的名人,然后他们跑去自杀了。那你等于把自己的整套活法都证伪了。就像《老无所依》里的那句台词,杀手在等着主角,主角出现了,杀手说:“你看,如果是你那套规矩把你带到了这里,那你的规矩又有什么用呢?”它没起作用。嗯,我——我是整体性地自私,就是说,我想在我立志想要的每一件事上都取得客观意义上的成功。
便签引用
55:46
Mhm. Yeah. Uh you have one life. Don't settle for mediocrity. Don't settle for mediocrity. And and I think the only like people debate intelligence for example, right? We talk about IQ tests and all that, but I think the only true test of intelligence is if you get what you want out of life. And there are two parts to that. One is getting what you want so you know how to get it. And the second is wanting the right things. Knowing what to want in the first place. I could want to be a, you know, 6'8 basketball player and I'm not going to get that. So it's wanting the wrong thing. So that's wanting something that you can't get.
嗯,对。你只有一条命。别将就于平庸。别将就于平庸。而且我觉得,就拿智力来说,人们总在争论,对吧?我们谈论智商测试之类的,但我觉得智力唯一真正的检验标准,是你有没有从人生中得到你想要的东西。这包含两个部分。一是得到你想要的,也就是你知道该怎么去得到它。二是想要正确的东西。一开始就知道该想要什么。我可以想当一个两米零三的篮球运动员,但我是得不到的。所以那就是想要了错误的东西。那属于想要一个你得不到的东西。
便签引用
56:18
That's wanting something you can't get. Is also wanting something that you don't want. Yeah. Wanting something that's a booby prize. There are plenty of booby prizes out there, too. Right. I haven't heard that word in about 20 years. Yeah. Prizes that are just not worth having or that create their own problems. Well, if you're not careful, you can end up in a place in life not only that you don't want to be, but one that you didn't even mean to get to. That's if you're kind of proceeding unconsciously. Uh but and usually I think people end up there because they are uh going on autopilot with sort of societal expectations or other people's expectations. So, uh you know, or out of guilt or out of like uh mimemetic desire. You know, Peter Teal has this whole thing from Rene Gerard about how mimemetic desires are desires are picked up from other people. Uh, and some of those are automatically baked into society like, you know, go to law school, go to med school, go to whatever, go to business school. Um, or
那是想要一个你得不到的东西。也可能是想要一个你其实并不想要的东西。对。想要一个安慰奖式的东西。外面这种安慰奖也多得很。没错。这个词我大概有二十年没听人说过了。对。就是那种根本不值得拥有、或者会带来它自身麻烦的奖品。而如果你不小心,你最后可能不仅落在一个你不想待的���生位置上,而且是一个你压根没打算去的位置。那是在你有点无意识地往前走的情况下。不过通常我觉得人们会落到那儿,是因为他们在社会期待或别人的期待上开了自动驾驶。所以,你知道,或者是出于内疚,或者是出于某种模因式的……欲望。你知道,彼得·蒂尔(Peter Thiel)有一整套从勒内·基拉尔(René Girard)那里来的说法,讲的是模仿性欲望,也就是欲望其实是从别人那里捡来的。呃,其中有些是社会自动帮你设定好的,比如去读法学院、去读医学院、去读随便什么,去读商学院。嗯,或者可能来自你看着朋友们在干什么,你知道的,
便签引用
57:06
they might be from watching what your friends are doing and, you know, the other monkeys are doing. Um, or it might just be, you know, what your parents expectations are. I might be a guilt. You know, guilt is just society's voice speaking in your head, socially programmed, so you'll be a good little monkey and do things that are good for the tribe. Um, but I think the the the best outcomes come when you think it through for yourself and decide for yourself. And I don't think people spend enough time deciding. For example, we run on these uh four-year cycles. You know, in Silicon Valley, you go join a startup, you vest your stock over four years.
看别的猴子在干什么。嗯,又或者只是你父母对你的期待。也可能是一种内疚感。你知道,内疚不过是社会的声音在你脑子里说话,是被社会编程过的,好让你当一只乖乖的小猴子,去做那些对部落有好处的事。嗯,但我觉得,最好的结果往往出现在你自己把事情想清楚、自己做决定的时候。而我觉得人们花在做决定上的时间远远不够。比如说,我们的生活是按这种四年周期在跑的。你看,在硅谷,你去加入一家创业公司,股票分四年归属。
便签引用
57:38
That's the standard. Okay? Um uh in u uh college, you know, you go for four years. High school, you go for four years. Um some things take longer. You know, you have children, they hit puberty 9 years later. That's like a 9-year cycle until that relationship changes. Um but we're used to these fairly long cycles, multi-year cycles in which we are committed to things. You go to law school, you know, four or five year cycle. You go be a lawyer, 40-year cycle. These are very long cycles. The amount of time we spend deciding what to do and who to do it with, very short, very very short, right? We spend, you know, 3 months deciding, one month deciding on a job where we're going to be for 10 years or 5 years. And because a lot of discovery is path dependent where the next thing you find on the path is depend on where you were on the previous path. You sort of start going down this vector that is a very long distance. People decide frivolously which city to live in and that's going to decide who their friends are, what
这就是标准。对吧?嗯,呃,读大学,你知道,要读四年。读高中,也是四年。嗯,有些事周期更长。比如你生了孩子,九年后他们进入青春期,那基本上就是个九年周期,那段关系才会改变。嗯,但我们已经习惯了这些相当长的周期,习惯了用好几年的时间去投入某件事。你去读法学院,就是四五年的周期。你去当律师,那是四十年的周期。这些周期都非常长。而我们花在决定做什么、和谁一起做上的时间,却非常短,非常非常短,对吧?我们大概花三个月,甚至一个月,去决定一份我们可能要干十年或五年的工作。而且因为很多探索是路径依赖的,你在路上遇到的下一样东西,取决于你之前走在哪条路上。你就这么开始沿着一个向量往前走,而这个向量非常长。人们很随意地决定住在哪个城市,而这会决定他们的朋友是谁、他们的
便签引用
58:34
their jobs are, their opportunity, their weather, their food supply, their air supply, quality of life. You know, it's such an important decision, but people spend so little time thinking it through. I would argue that if you're making a four-year decision, spend a year thinking it through. Like really thinking it through. 25% of the time. Yeah. Exactly. There's the secretary theorem. I don't know if you know that one. Computer science. After you've done this many people, pick the best one of the next however many.
工作是什么、他们的机会、天气、食物来源、空气质量、生活品质。你看,这是一个如此重要的决定,可人们却几乎没花时间去想清楚。我会说,如果你在做一个四年的决定,那就花一年去想清楚。真正认真地想清楚。用25%的时间。对,没错。有个「秘书定理」,不知道你听没听过。计算机科学里的。就是你先面试到一定数量的人,然后在接下来的人里挑最好的那个。
便签引用
58:56
That's right. Yeah. The secretary theorem is this computer science professor is trying to figure out uh how much time he should spend interviewing secretaries and then how long to keep the secretary. So let's say he's going to have a secretary for 10 years. Does he keep searching for you know one year, 2 years, 3 years, 1 month, 2 months? What is the optimal time? Uh and it turns out that the optimal time is somewhere around a third. about a third of the way through, you take the best person you've worked with and try to find someone that good or better. So that by the time you've gotten about a third of the way through, you have, excuse me, seen enough that you now have a sense of what the bar is.
没错。对。秘书定理讲的是,有位计算机科学教授在琢磨,他到底该花多少时间面试秘书,然后这个秘书该留用多久。假设他要雇一个秘书用十年。那他该一直找一年、两年、三年,还是一个月、两个月?最优的时间是多少?呃,结果发现最优时间大概在三分之一左右。也就是走到大约三分之一的时候,你把见过的最优秀的那个人当作标准,然后去找一个同样好或更好的人。这样等你走到大约三分之一的时候,你——不好意思——已经见得够多了,心里有了一个标准线。
便签引用
59:32
And then anybody who meets or exceeds that bar is good enough. And this applies to dating, this applies to jobs and careers, this applies generally. But the interesting thing about the secretary theorem is that it's actually not time based. It's not based on onethird of the time. It's iteration based. The number of candidates, the number of shots you took on goal. That's right. So, you want to have lots and lots of iterations. So, that means that you need to bail out quickly and you need to be decisive quickly.
然后任何达到或超过这条线的人,就足够好了。这适用于约会,适用于工作和职业,基本上到处都适用。但秘书定理有意思的地方在于,它其实不是基于时间的。不是基于三分之一的时间,而是基于迭代次数。是候选人的数量,是你射门的次数。没错。所以你要有非常非常多次的迭代。这意味着你得快速抽身,也得快速做决断。
便签引用
59:56
That's right. You need to you need to take opportunities quickly and bail out quickly. Correct. Like if you go back and you look through failed relationships, uh probably the biggest regret will be staying in the relationship after you knew it was over. Exactly. You should have left sooner. The moment you knew it wasn't going to work out, you should have moved on. So in that sense, I think Malcolm Gladwell popularized this idea of 10,000 hours to mastery. I would say it's actually 10,000 iterations to mastery. It's not actually 10,000. It's some unknown number. But it's about the number of iterations that drives a learning curve.
没错。你得快速抓住机会,也要快速抽身。对。就像你回头去看那些失败的感情,呃,最大的遗憾大概是:明明已经知道结束了,却还待在那段关系里。完全正确。你早就该走了。在你知道这事成不了的那一刻,你就该往前走了。所以从这个意义上说,我觉得马尔科姆·格拉德威尔把「一万小时成为大师」这个概念推广开了。但我会说,其实是「一万次迭代成为大师」。也不真的是一万次,是某个未知的数字。但驱动学习曲线的,是迭代的次数。
便签引用
1:00:25
And iteration is not repetition. Repetition is a different thing. Repeating is doing the same thing over and over. Iteration is modifying it with a learning and then doing another version of it. So that's error correction. So if you get 10,000 error corrections in anything, you will be an expert at it. don't partner with cynics and pessimists. You mentioned there about uh the people who've got a nightmare going on at home and are trying to fix the world. But a lot of the time that cynicism and pessimism we find in ourselves. We see the world whether we want to whether it's because we've embied what the news or or the negative people around us have said or it's a bit more kind of endogenous than that. It's just sort of in us. It's the way that we see the world. How can people avoid cynicism and pessimism within themselves?
而迭代不等于重复。重复是另一回事。重复是把同一件事一遍遍地做。迭代是带着学到的东西去修改,然后再做一个新版本。所以那其实是纠错。如果你在任何事情上完成了一万次纠错,你就会成为这方面的专家。别和愤世嫉俗的人以及悲观的人合作。你刚才提到那些家里一团糟、却想去拯救世界的人。但很多时候,那种愤世嫉俗和悲观是在我们自己身上发现的。我们看待世界的方式,不管我们愿不愿意,可能是因为我们吸收了新闻或者身边负能量的人说的话,也可能更像是内生的,就是它本来就在我们身上,就是我们看世界的方式。人们怎样才能避免自己内心的愤世嫉俗和悲观?
便签引用
1:01:09
Yeah. Synism and pessimism is a tough one. It's we're naturally hardwired for it. Again, I go back to evolution. I I'm sorry to keep harping on evolution, but within biology, there's very few good explanatory theories. And you know, theory of evolution by natural selection is probably the best one. So, if you can't explain something about life or psychology or human nature through evolution, then you probably don't have a good theory for it. And I would say that pessimism is another one that comes out of this, which is in the natural environment, you're hardwired to be pessimistic. Because let's say that I see something rustling in the woods and if I move towards it and it turns out to be food and prey then good I get to eat one meal but if it turns out to be a predator I get eaten and that's the end of that. So we are hardwired to avoid ruin um and and uh you know just dying.
嗯。愤世嫉俗和悲观是个难题。这是我们天生就有的硬件设定。我还是要回到进化论。很抱歉我老是念叨进化论,但在生物学里,好的解释性理论非常少。你知道,自然选择的进化论大概是最好的那一个。所以如果你没法用进化论解释关于生命、心理或人性的某件事,那你大概就没有一个好的理论。而我会说,悲观也是从这里衍生出来的:在自然环境里,你天生就被设定成悲观的。因为假设我看到树林里有东西在动,如果我走过去,结果发现是食物、是猎物,那很好,我能吃上一顿;但如果那是个捕食者,我就会被吃掉,那就彻底完了。所以我们天生被设定为要避免毁灭,呃,避免,你知道,直接送命。
便签引用
1:01:54
So we are naturally hardwired to be pessimists but modern society is very different despite whatever problems you may have with modern society. It is far far safer than living in the jungle and just trying to survive. uh and the opportunities on the upside are nonlinear. For example, when you're investing, if you short a stock, you the most money you can make is 2x. You just lose, you know, if the stock goes to zero, you double your money. But if the stock is the next Nvidia and it goes 100x or a,000x, you make a lot of money.
所以我们天生就是悲观主义者,但现代社会非常不一样,不管你对现代社会有多少不满。它比生活在丛林里、每天只求活下来要安全得多,呃,而且上行的机会是非线性的。比如说投资的时候,如果你做空一只股票,你最多能赚2倍。你只是赚,你知道,如果股票跌到零,你的钱翻一倍。但如果那只股票是下一个英伟达,涨了100倍甚至1000倍,你就赚大了。
便签引用
1:02:22
So upside through because of leverage is nearly unlimited. Uh also in modern society, because there's so many different people you can interact with, if you go on a date and it fails, there are infinite more people to go on a date with. In a tribal system, there might have been 20 people and you can't even get through all of them. So, modern society is far more forgiving of failure. And you just have to sort of neoccortically realize and override that. You have to realize that you're much more running a search function to find the thing that'll work.
所以由于杠杆的存在,上行空间几乎是无限的。呃,还有在现代社会,因为你能接触到的人太多了,如果你去约了个会,失败了,还有无穷多的人可以约。在部落体系里,可能总共就20个人,你连他们都约不完。所以现代社会对失败宽容得多。你只需要用新皮层去意识到这一点,并覆盖掉那个本能。你得意识到,你更像是在运行一个搜索函数,去找到那个行得通的东西。
便签引用
1:02:49
And then that one thing will pay off in massive compounding. Once you find your mate for the rest of your life, you find your wife or your husband, then you can compound in that relationship. It's okay if you had 50 failed dates in between. The same way once you find the one business you're meant to plow into and it'll compound returns. It's okay if you had 50 small failed ventures or 50 small failed job interviews. It doesn't the number of failures doesn't matter. And so there's no point in being a pessimist. It's you want to be an optimist. But I would say you want to be you want to be skeptical about specific things. Every specific opportunity is probably a fail. But you want to be optimistic in the general. In the general you want to be like something in here is going to work out.
然后那一件事会带来巨大的复利回报。一旦你找到共度余生的伴侣,找到你的妻子或丈夫,你就可以在那段关系里持续复利。中间约会失败50次也没关系。同样地,一旦你找到那个值得你全力投入、并能带来复利回报的事业,也没关系,哪怕你之前有过50个失败的小项目,或者50次失败的求职面试。失败的次数根本不重要。所以当悲观主义者毫无意义。你要做个乐观主义者。但我会说,你要对具体的事情保持怀疑。每一个具体的机会大概率都会失败。但在总体上你要乐观。总体上你要相信,这里面总会有一件事成的。
便签引用
1:03:28
How do you navigate that tension? I mean, exactly as I said, I'm optimistic in the general that if something fails right now, then this is a little woowoo, but it wasn't meant to be. It was a learning experience. It was an iteration. As long as I learned something from it, then it's a win. If I didn't learn from it, then it's a loss. But as long as you're learning and you keep iterating fast and cutting your losses quickly, then when you find the right thing, you have to be optimistic and compound into it. So, you don't want to jump into the first thing. And you don't want to marry the first person you date necessarily, unless you got very lucky.
你怎么处理这种张力?我是说,就像我刚才讲的,我在总体上是乐观的:如果某件事现在失败了,这话听着有点玄乎,但那就是「注定不该成」。它是一次学习经历,是一次迭代。只要我从中学到了东西,那就是赢。如果我没学到什么,那才是输。但只要你在学习,持续快速迭代,并且迅速止损,那么当你找到那件对的事时,你就必须乐观起来,全力投入去复利。所以你不要一头扎进第一个碰到的东西。你也不必非要嫁给你约的第一个人,除非你运气特别好。
便签引用
1:04:00
Um, but you you want to investigate and explore very very quickly until you find the match. And then you have to be willing to go all in. You have to be willing to move your chips to the center of the table. So both those uh both those uh approaches are required. So it's a barbell strategy. It's sort of black or it's white. And most people are sort of stuck in this gray bit. And I'm like half in, but I'm kind of don't really know if I am. I also think like labels like pessimist, optimist, cynic, introvert, extrovert, these are very self-limiting. Humans are very dynamic.
嗯,但你要非常非常快地去考察、去探索,直到找到那个匹配。然后你就得愿意全押。你得愿意把筹码全推到桌子中央。所以这两种,呃,这两种做法都是必需的。所以这是一种杠铃策略。要么黑,要么白。而大多数人卡在中间那块灰色地带。就是「我差不多投入了一半,但其实也不太确定自己算不算投入」。我还觉得,像悲观主义者、乐观主义者、愤世嫉俗者、内向、外向这类标签,都非常自我设限。人是很动态的。
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1:04:34
There are times when you feel like being introverted. There are times when you feel like being extroverted. There are contexts in which you'll be pessimistic. There are contexts in which you'll be optimistic. Leave all those labels alone. It's better just to look at the problem at hand. Look at reality the way it is. Try to take yourself out of the equation in a in a sense. Like obviously you're involved, but motivated reasoning is the worst kind of reasoning. Uh you're not going to find truth through highly motivated reasoning. You have to be objective. And objective means trying to take yourself out of it as much as possible or at least your personality out of it as much as possible.
有时候你想内向一点,有时候你想外向一点。有些情境下你会悲观。有些情境下你会乐观。把那些标签都放下。更好的做法是只看眼前的问题。如实地看待现实。试着在某种意义上把自己从等式里拿出来。当然你显然身在其中,但动机性推理是最糟糕的一种推理。呃,你不可能通过高度动机化的推理找到真相。你必须客观。而客观意味着尽量把自己从中抽离出来,至少把你的个性从中抽离出来。
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1:05:06
And so to the extent you run with this thick identity and personality, it's going to cloud your judgment. It's going to try and lock you into the past. If you say, "I'm a depressed, unhappy person. Yeah, I'm going to be unhappy." That's a way of locking yourself into your past. even saying, "I have trauma. I have PTSD." Yeah, you you feel something. There are memories. There are flashes. There are occasional bad feelings. But don't define yourself by it because then you'll lock it into your identity and you're just going to loop on it. It's better to stay flexible because reality is always changing and you have to be able to adapt to it.
所以,你越是带着一个厚重的身份认同和个性去行事,它就越会蒙蔽你的判断。它会试图把你锁死在过去。如果你说「我是个抑郁、不快乐的人」,那好,你就真的会不快乐。那就是把自己锁死在过去的一种方式。甚至说「我有创伤,我有PTSD」也一样。是的,你确实有感受,有记忆,有闪回,偶尔会有糟糕的情绪。但别用它来定义自己,因为那样你就把它锁进了身份认同里,然后你只会在里面反复打转。保持灵活更好,因为现实一直在变,你必须能够适应它。
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1:05:38
Adaptation is also intelligence. Adaptation is survival. Adaptation is kind of how you're here. You're here because you're an adapter and your ancestors were adapters. So to adapt, you will be able to see things clearly. And if you're seeing them through your own identity, it's going to cloud your judgment. A quick aside, you've probably heard me talk about element before. In fact, you might be thinking, "For sake, Chris, will you shut up about element?" And the answer is no, I won't because when I take it, I genuinely feel the difference. I genuinely believe that proper hydration makes a massive difference to your performance. So, I'm going to keep talking about it until you start drinking it. Element is a tasty electrolyte drink mix with everything that you need and nothing that you don't. Each grab-and-go stick pack contains a sciencebacked electrolyte ratio of sodium, potassium, and magnesium with no sugar, no coloring, no artificial ingredients, or any other junk. It plays a critical role in
适应本身也是一种智能。适应就是生存。适应也是你能站在这里的原因。你能在这里,是因为你是个适应者,你的祖先也是适应者。所以要适应,你就得能清晰地看见事物。而如果你是透过自己的身份认同去看,那就会蒙蔽你的判断。插播一小段,你大概已经听我讲过 Element 了。事实上,你可能在想:「拜托,Chris,你能别再念叨 Element 了吗?」答案是:不能,我不会停,因为我喝它的时候是真的能感觉到差别。我是真心相信,充分的补水对你的表现有巨大影响。所以我会一直讲下去,直到你开始喝它为止。Element 是一款好喝的电解质冲剂,该有的都有,不该有的一样没有。每一条随身装都含有科学配比的钠、钾、镁电解质,不含糖、不含色素、不含人工成分,也没有任何其他乱七八糟的东西。它在减少肌肉痉挛和疲劳方面起着关键作用,同时优化大脑健康、调节食欲、抑制嘴馋。这款
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1:06:28
reducing muscle cramps and fatigue while optimizing brain health, regulating appetite, and curbing cravings. This orange flavor in a cold glass of water is how I've started my morning every single day for over 3 years now, and I genuinely feel the difference versus when I don't. Best of all, they have a no questions asked refund policy with an unlimited duration. So, you can buy it and try it for as long as you want. And if you don't like it for any reason, they'll just give you your money back. You don't even need to return the box.
橙子味兑一杯冰水,就是我三年多来每天早上的固定开场,而且我真切地感受到差别,和不喝的时候完全不一样。最棒的是,他们有一个无理由退款政策,而且没有期限。所以你可以买来试,想试多久都行。如果因为任何原因你不喜欢,他们就直接把钱退给你。你连盒子都不用寄回去。
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1:06:53
That's how confident they are that you love it. Plus, they offer free shipping within the US. And right now, you can get a free sample pack of all eight flavors with your first box by going to the link in the description below or heading to drinklnt.com/modernwisdom. That's drinklnt.com/modern wisdom. [Laughter] Moving on to sort of thinking about happiness. Obviously a topic of yours that's a it's honestly the one that I feel least qualified to talk about. Is it like a guy that's got long arms teaching you how to bench press or a dude that's really tall teaching you how to deadlift? someone that feels like they came from behind the eightball.
他们就是这么自信,相信你一定会喜欢。另外,美国境内还免运费。而且现在,你第一次下单就能免费获得一份包含全部八种口味的试用装,只要点击下方简介里的链接,或者访问 drinklnt.com/modernwisdom。就是 drinklnt.com/modern wisdom。[笑] 接下来聊聊幸福这个话题。显然这是你常谈的主题,说实话也是我最没资格谈的一个。这是不是就像让一个胳膊特别长的人教你卧推,或者让一个特别高的人教你硬拉?得是那种一开始就处在劣势、一路逆袭过来的人才行。
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08幸福、意识与什么才算浪费时间
1:07:36
Yeah. Is you're you're asking a crazy person about their thoughts. So, just thought it through. Is happiness still more about peace than it is about joy? It's just one of those overloaded words that means different things to different people. So, I'm not even sure we're communicating the same language. But, uh what is happiness? I think it's just basically being okay with where you are. Not wanting not wanting things to be different than the way they are. Not having the sense that anything is missing in this moment.
是啊。你这是在问一个疯子他的想法。所以我也就顺着想了想。幸福到底还是更关乎平静,而不是快乐吗?这就是那种被用滥了的词,对不同的人意味着不同的东西。所以我都不确定我们说的是不是同一种语言。不过,幸福到底是什么?我觉得基本上就是接受自己当下所处的状态。不希望、不渴望事情变成另外的样子。不觉得此刻还缺了点什么。
便签引用
1:08:15
Needing something to change. Your current positive situation being contingent on an adjustment on getting something from the outside world. Ironically, I think most people if you were to ask them when they were happiest for a sustained period of time, not for a brief moment, because pleasure can override happiness and create kind of this illusion of happiness. But if you ask people when they were happy for a sustained period of time, they were probably doing some variation of nothing. That's interesting because in the chase is this sort of lack, this contingency.
不需要任何改变。你当下的良好状态不再取决于某种调整,不再取决于从外部世界获取什么。讽刺的是,我觉得大多数人,如果你问他们什么时候持续地最幸福,不是那种短暂的瞬间,因为快感会压过幸福,制造出一种幸福的幻觉。但如果你问人们,他们在哪段时间里持续地感到幸福,那时候他们大概什么都没在做,或者做的是类似「无所事事」的事。这很有意思,因为在追逐当中恰恰包含着一种匮乏、一种附加条件。
便签引用
1:08:54
That's right. But then you get bored. If you just sit around all the time, you get bored. So you want adventure, you want surprise. Like there's a funny thought experiment of the bliss machine, right? Which is suppose I could drill a hole in your head and put electrode in. And they did this with monkeys and I can put a wire in there and I can stimulate just the right part of your brain and I can put you in bliss and you'll just be in bliss. Would you would you want that? Would that be nice? For how long?
没错。但接着你就会无聊。如果你整天就那么坐着,你会无聊。所以你想要冒险,你想要惊喜。有个很有意思的思想实验,叫「极乐机器」,对吧?就是假设我能在你脑袋上钻个孔,插进一根电极。他们在猴子身上做过这个实验,我可以放一根导线进去,刺激你大脑里恰到好处的那个部位,让你进入极乐状态,你就一直处在极乐里。你会想要这个吗?那样会很爽吗?持续多久?
便签引用
1:09:22
Do it and I'll tell you. Right. So most people will say, "Well, I don't want that. I want meaning. I don't want just bliss. I want meaning." And you're like, "Okay, well, I'll put an electrode in there and I'll give you meaning. How about that?" And if you kind of run this thought experiment long enough, I think most people realize actually what I want is I want surprise. I want and I want the world to surprise me and I want to wrestle with it in ways that are somewhat predictable but somewhat not.
你先给我来一下,我再告诉你。对。所以大多数人会说:「我不想要那个。我要意义。我不要纯粹的极乐,我要意义。」然后你说:「行啊,那我插根电极进去,给你意义,怎么样?」如果你把这个思想实验推演得足够久,我觉得大多数人会意识到,自己真正想要的其实是惊喜。我想要这个世界给我惊喜,我想和它较劲,在某种程度上可以预料、又在某种程度上不可预料。
便签引用
1:09:47
And you kind of end up back where you started. So I I don't know if necessarily for some people Pure happiness is the ultimate goal. They want to, you know, just be blissfully happy wherever they are, whenever they are. But I think other people, most people would say, well, I'm here in this world. I'm here in this life. I don't understand it or why, but I want to be I want to be engaged. I want to be surprised. I want to do things. I want to accomplish things. I want to want things and then get them. Right? That's kind of the whole game that we're all playing here.
然后你就又绕回了起点。所以我不确定对某些人来说,纯粹的幸福是不是终极目标。他们可能确实想无论身在何时何地都幸福得飘飘然。但我觉得另一些人、大多数人会说,我在这个世界上,我在这一生里。我不理解它,也不懂为什么,但我想要投入其中。我想要被惊喜到。我想去做事情,想去完成一些东西。我想有所渴望,然后得到它。对吧?这差不多就是我们所有人在玩的这场游戏。
便签引用
1:10:19
Surprises are really interesting. the sort of unpredictability. I think total bro science here, but I'm pretty sure that that's kind of how dopamine works. That things are a bit better than you expected. That within that it means that if you for the perennial insecure overachievers that uh cloy for control that really want to be able to the schedule is perfectly done and we know the itinerary, we know where we're going to be at this time. you're in some ways I guess reducing down the capacity for surprise because everything has become uh very contrived prescribed done in advance laid out your ability to be surprised actually diminishes. Yeah. If if nothing worked out the way you expected, if it was all serendipity and you didn't want that, you would just be a ball of anxiety. On the other hand, if everything worked out as you expected and wanted, you'd be so bored you might as well be dead. So there's some, you know, the the river of life kind of flows between these two banks and enjoy it.
惊喜真的很有意思,那种不可预测性。我这纯属民科,但我挺确定多巴胺大概就是这么运作的。就是事情比你预期的稍微好一点。这也意味着,对那些长期缺乏安全感的高成就者来说——他们迷恋掌控,非常希望日程排得完美无缺,我们知道行程,知道某个时间点我们会在哪儿——某种意义上你其实是在削减惊喜的空间,因为一切都变得非常刻意、规定好、提前安排、铺陈妥当,你被惊喜到的能力其实在下降。是啊。如果什么都不按你的预期走,全靠机缘巧合,而你又不想要那样,你就会变成一团焦虑。另一方面,如果一切都完全按你的预期和意愿发展,你会无聊到还不如死了算了。所以,生命这条河就在这两岸之间流淌,享受它就好。
便签引用
1:11:21
You say thinking about yourself is the source of all unhappiness, but presumably you need to work on yourself and your weaknesses as well. So some degree of reflection is important. And if thinking about yourself is a source of unhappiness, is this a price that you need to pay? I need to sort of reflect inward. I'm going to have to diminish this level of happiness for a little while and then I can use this new level. I've got my brown belt on and I can go out into the world as a brown belt. What I'm specifically referring to that is if if you're thinking about your personality and your ego and the character of you and uh you're obsessing over that. That's where a lot of depression and unhappiness sort of lingers and and gets cultivated.
你说过,想自己是一切不幸的来源,但按理说你也得打磨自己、改进自己的弱点。所以一定程度的自省是重要的。如果想自己是不幸的来源,那这是不是一种你必须付出的代价?我得向内反省一下,我得在一段时间里降低自己的幸福感,之后才能用上这个新的水平。我系上了棕带,就能以棕带的身份走进这个世界了。我具体指的是,如果你在琢磨你的人格、你的自我、你这个人的性格,而且你还对此念念不忘,那大量的抑郁和不幸就是在那儿滋生、蔓延的。
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1:12:00
Uh so uh thinking about woe is me, this happened to me. that happened to me. I have this personality. I have this issue. I deserve this. I didn't get that. That's you're just strengthening a little beast in there that is insatiable. And that's where I think a lot of unhappiness comes from. What's the beast? It's the ego. But that word is so overused that I kind of hate to use the word. Um, but it's like a it's a recurrent collection of thoughts that are very self-obsessed and will never be satisfied.
所以,老想着「我好惨啊,这事发生在我身上」「那事也发生在我身上」「我就是这种性格」「我有这个问题」「这是我应得的」「那个我没得到」——你其实只是在喂养里面那头永不知足的小野兽。我觉得很多不幸就是从这儿来的。那头野兽是什么?是自我(ego)。但这个词被用得太滥了,我都不太想用。嗯,它其实是一堆反复出现的念头,极度以自我为中心,而且永远不会被满足。
便签引用
1:12:31
Very concretized as well. So, they're not malleable, not particularly flexible. So you're just adding to them by thinking about them all the time. You're creating narratives and stories and identities. Um but that's different from solving personal problems. So if you encounter something, you learn from something, you're reflecting upon the learning, then you can reflect upon it, absorb it, and then just move on. But sitting there saying, "I'm Chris. I'm Nal. I deserve this. This happened to me. That person wronged me. This is who I am. This shouldn't have happened. I need to go get revenge on this or I need to fix that or change this." I mean that I think is where a lot of mental illness is, you know, comes from.
而且已经固化了。它们不再可塑,不太灵活。你整天想着它们,只是在给它们添砖加瓦。你在制造叙事、故事和身份认同。但这和解决具体的个人问题是两回事。如果你遇到了某件事,从中学到了什么,你对这份收获做一下反思,那你可以反思、吸收,然后就往前走。但坐在那儿念叨「我是 Chris」「我是 Naval」「这是我应得的」「这事发生在我身上」「那个人对不起我」「我就是这样的人」「这本不该发生」「我得去报复这个,或者我得修好那个、改掉这个」——我觉得很多精神疾病就是从这儿来的。
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1:13:07
So it depends if you are thinking about something to solve a problem and get it off your chest and get it off your mind. If it leaves your mind clearer at the end of it, then I think it was worthwhile. If it leaves your mind busier at the end of it, then you're probably going the wrong direction. Is this a a justification for detachment? uh cultivated ignorance uh distraction. Detachment is not a goal. Detachment is a byproduct. It's it's just a byproduct of just realizing you know what matters and what doesn't. Uh and and just for one moment on the self thing, I think everybody craves thinking about something more than themselves. If you want to be, you know, happy to some extent, you have to forget about your personal problems. And one way to do that is take on other problems, bigger problems. Uh and that could be a mission, that could be s that could be spirituality, that could be kids, um it could be caring about the planet, although I think people take that a little far, you know, and then they get
所以这取决于:你思考某件事是为了解决问题、把它了结掉、从脑子里清出去。如果到最后你的头脑更清明了,那我觉得这份思考是值得的。如果到最后你的头脑更嘈杂了,那你多半走错了方向。这是不是在为「抽离」找理由?为刻意的无知、为转移注意力找理由。抽离不是目标,抽离是副产品。它只是你看清了什么重要、什么不重要之后的副产品。还有,再回到「自我」那一点:我觉得每个人都渴望去想一些比自己更大的东西。如果你想要在某种程度上幸福,你就得放下自己的个人问题。做到这一点的一个方法,就是去承担别的问题、更大的问题。那可以是一项使命,可以是灵性修行,可以是孩子,也可以是关心这颗星球——虽然我觉得有些人在这上面走得有点远,然后就变得有点压迫性、有点专横,
便签引用
1:14:07
kind of oppressive and and tyrannical in support of abstract concepts. But so these can be taken too far. Just like religion for example, just like anything in excess, anything in excess, right? Um but generally the less you think about yourself, the more you can think about a mission or about God or about a child or something like that. I remember Vinnie Himmath uh the founder of Loom said uh I am rich and I have no idea to do what to do with my life and you replied God kids on mission pick at least one that's right preferably all three.
为了一些抽象概念而如此。所以这些都可能走过头。就像宗教一样,就像任何过度的东西一样,任何过度的东西,对吧?但总体上,你越少想自己,就越能去想一项使命、想神、想一个孩子,诸如此类的东西。我记得 Loom 的创始人 Vinnie Hiremath 说过:我很有钱,但完全不知道该拿自己的人生怎么办。你回复说:神、孩子、使命,至少选一个——没错,最好三个都选。
便签引用
1:14:40
It's very liberating. Um yeah thinking I think overthinking about yourself is probably the it's it may not be the cause of depression but it certainly doesn't help rumination. Yeah. I I kind of had a self-induced Stockholm syndrome from this sort of a thing because I like to think about stuff and you provide you with an endless number of things to think about. So, you're kind of Yeah, you have this um you're the prisoner and the prison guard at the same time. And I had Abigail Shrier on the show. She was wrote this book called Bad Therapy, sort of pushing back against therapy culture for kids, specifically for kids. there was a blast radius that covered pretty much everything, including kind of CBT, I'm like, f like we're getting perilously close to some really evidence-based stuff here. But the more that I've thought about it and the more that I've looked at the evidence, there is like basically a direct correlation between how much you think about yourself and how miserable you are. Therapy is great if it lets you
那非常解脱。嗯,我觉得过度地想自己,可能不是抑郁的成因,但反刍式思考肯定没有任何帮助。是啊。我在这件事上算是给自己搞出了一种斯德哥尔摩综合征,因为我喜欢琢磨东西,而它又能给你提供无穷无尽可琢磨的东西。所以你某种程度上同时是囚犯和狱警。我请 Abigail Shrier 上过节目,她写了一本书叫《Bad Therapy》,是在反思、反击针对孩子的治疗文化,特别是针对孩子的。不过它的波及范围几乎覆盖了一切,包括认知行为疗法(CBT)之类的,我当时就想,这已经危险地接近一些真正有循证依据的东西了。但我越是琢磨这件事,越是去看那些证据,就发现你想自己想得越多,你就越痛苦,两者之间基本上是直接相关的。治疗如果能让你把情绪倾泻出来、把某个问题解决掉,几次之后你就结束了、你清爽了,那它很棒。
便签引用
1:15:40
vent and it solves a thing and then x session later you're done. You're clear. But if you're just looping on the same thing forever, then it's actually the opposite. You're bathing in it. You're indulging in it. Yeah. Yeah. How have your become happy techniques developed over time? Yeah, I used to have a lot of them. Uh, now I kind of try not to have any because I think the techniques themselves are kind of a struggle. It's sort of like bidding for status implies you're low status. It reveals that you're low status. So, someone who's basically trying to show off uh comes across as low status. The same way someone who's trying to be happy is sort of saying I'm unhappy and creating that frame. So it's better just to not even think in terms of you position yourself as being in lack in order to attain.
但如果你只是永远在同一件事上打转,那效果其实是反的。你是在里面泡着,是在沉溺其中。对,对。你那些「变得幸福」的方法,这些年是怎么演变的?嗯,我以前有一大堆。现在我尽量一个都不要,因为我觉得这些方法本身就是一种挣扎。这有点像,争取地位这个动作本身就暗示你地位低,它暴露了你地位低。所以一个人如果一味地想显摆,反而显得地位低。同样,一个努力想变幸福的人,其实是在说「我不幸福」,并且创造出了那个框架。所以最好是根本别从那个角度去想。你为了得到某样东西,先把自己摆在了匮乏的位置上。
便签引用
1:16:28
Yeah. I don't even think in terms of happiness unhappiness anymore. I just kind of just do my thing. Again, another question that's similar to a bunch of them. Do you think you could have got there had you have not done the procedural systematic sort of step by step by step this is what it is and then come out the other side? I don't think there are any formulas. I think it's unique to each person. It's like asking a successful person, how did you become successful? Each one of them will give you a different story. Uh you can't follow anyone else's path. And most of them are even probably telling you some narratized version of it that isn't quite true.
对。我现在甚至不再用幸福、不幸福这套框架去思考了。我就只是做我的事。又是一个和前面几个类似的问题。你觉得,如果你没有走过那一套按部就班、系统性的、一步一步「这是什么、那是什么」的过程,再从另一头走出来,你还能到达现在这里吗?我不认为存在什么公式。我觉得这对每个人都是独一无二的。这就像问一个成功的人:你是怎么成功的?每个人给你的故事都不一样。你没法复制别人的路径。而且他们中大多数给你讲的,多半还是某种被叙事化过的版本,并不完全真实。
便签引用
1:16:59
I mean, that's something that I continually realize, especially as I get to spend more time around people that are successful and you hear um it's very important to prioritize work life balance, right? That's one of the most common things that people who have attained success say that's not my experience. But if you look at, you shouldn't be asking somebody who is successful what they do to continue their success now. You should be asking them what did they do to attain their success when they are where you were.
这是我不断意识到的一件事,尤其是当我有更多时间待在成功人士身边时,你会听到:优先考虑工作与生活的平衡非常重要,对吧?这是那些已经取得成功的人最常说的话之一,但这不符合我的经验。但你要看的是——你不该去问一个已经成功的人,他现在做什么来维持成功。你该问的是,当他还处在你现在的位置时,他做了什么才获得成功。
便签引用
1:17:26
And the people who are really extraordinarily successful didn't sit around watching success porn. They just went and did it. They just had they had such an overwhelming desire to be successful at the thing that they were doing that they just went and did that thing. They didn't have time to study and learn and listen and they just did it. It's the overwhelming desire that's the most important and the focus that comes from that. That tweet of yours that was uh people who are good at making wealth or people are good at attaining wealth don't need to teach anybody else how to do it.
而那些真正极其成功的人,当初并没有坐在那儿看「成功学porn」。他们只是去做了。他们对做成那件事有一种压倒一切的渴望,所以就直接去做了。他们没时间去研究、去学、去听,他们就是做了。最重要的是那种压倒一切的渴望,以及由此而来的专注。你那条推文说的就是这个,大意是:擅长创造财富、或者说擅长获取财富的人,根本不需要去教别人怎么做。
便签引用
1:17:59
Yeah. You don't need mentors, you need action. That was one of them. Another one is you know the uh the people who actually know how to make money don't need to sell you a course on it. There it is. Um, yeah, there's lots of variations on it. But I if you don't, another one is if you don't lie awake at night thinking about it, you don't want it badly enough. Yeah, I think you I've heard you talk before about how um sort of unclosed loops problems that you're working on can cause you to be sleepless. And uh this I'm not a good sleeper.
是啊。你不需要导师,你需要的是行动。这是其中之一。另一个是,你知道的,那些真正懂得怎么赚钱的人,不需要卖课给你。就是这样。嗯,是啊,这方面有很多不同的版本。但我,如果你不,还有一个是:如果你不会躺在床上整夜睡不着地想着这件事,说明你还不够想要它。是啊,我记得以前听你说过,那种没有闭合的循环、你正在处理的问题,会让你失眠。而且这个——我睡眠一直不太好。
便签引用
1:18:30
Tell me about that. Oh, I mean my eight sleep hates me. It's always telling me I failed at sleeping again. And Brian Johnson thinks I'm going to die early. He's probably right. But I How much do you reckon you sleep a night? You got any idea? Oh, it's so random. Some nights I'll sleep 8 hours. Some nights I'll sleep 4 hours. But it's literally just random. Are you bothered about that? You trying to optimize? You go a sleep coach teaching you how to I don't fogg myself over things. Uh if I want to sleep, I'll sleep. If I don't want to sleep, I don't sleep. It's not a I don't think I'm doing anything right or wrong.
跟我说说这个。哦,我是说,我的 Eight Sleep 都嫌弃我了。它老是告诉我,我这晚睡眠又不及格。而 Brian Johnson 觉得我会早死。他可能说得对。但我——你估计你一晚上睡多久?有概念吗?哦,特别随机。有些晚上我能睡 8 小时,有些晚上只睡 4 小时。但真的就是随机的。你会为这个困扰吗?你有没有想去优化它?你会找睡眠教练教你怎么——我不会为这些事跟自己较劲。如果我想睡,我就睡。如果我不想睡,我就不睡。这不是——我不觉得自己做得对或者做得不对。
便签引用
1:19:01
You don't label it good night, bad night. No, I work out every day because I think it gives me more energy and I've gotten into a good habit with it. Maybe I'll do the same thing with sleep. Maybe I'll develop a good habit, but I'm not going to beat myself up over it. There'll come a point where it's important to me and when it's important to me, I'll just do it. You know, most of like, for example, you look at people with addictions, right? Overeating or smoking or whatever, they can kind of go through all the different methods, but it's half-hearted. And then one day they're like, "Oh [ __ ] I've got lung cancer. My dad has lung cancer."
你不会给它贴上『好睡眠』『坏睡眠』的标签。不会。我每天都锻炼,因为我觉得那能给我更多能量,而且我已经养成了很好的习惯。也许我会对睡眠做同样的事。也许我会培养出一个好习惯,但我不会因此苛责自己。总会有那么一刻,它对我来说变得重要,而当它对我重要的时候,我自然就会去做。你知道,比如说,你看那些有瘾的人,对吧?暴食、抽烟,随便什么,他们可以把各种方法都试一遍,但都是三心二意的。然后有一天他们突然:『我靠,我得肺癌了。我爸得了肺癌。』
便签引用
1:19:30
and they drop it immediately. So I think a lot a lot of change is more about desire and understanding than it is about uh forcing yourself or trying to domesticate yourself. It's efficiency again I guess you know aligning the thing that you want to do with the way that you feel about what it is that you want to do. Yeah. It's not it's not getting caught up in a in a half desire or a mimetic desire. It's really just being aware of what it is that you actually want at this point in time. And when you want something, then you will act on it with maximal capability.
然后他们立刻就戒了。所以我觉得,很多改变更多是关于欲望和理解,而不是关于强迫自己或者试图驯化自己。我想这又是效率问题吧,你知道的,就是让你想做的事,和你对这件事的感受对齐起来。是的。关键是不要陷在一个半吊子的欲望或者模仿性欲望里。真正要做的是清楚地意识到,在此时此刻你到底想要什么。当你真的想要某样东西时,你自然会以最大的能力去行动。
便签引用
1:20:07
And that's the time to act on it. In the meantime, just doing it because other people tell you you should do it or society tells you you should do it or you feel slightly guilty about it. These are these are half-hearted efforts and half-hearted efforts don't get you there. As you get older, one thing that becomes harder to ignore is your testosterone levels. They impact everything from your energy to your mood and how well you recover. However, there are sciencebacked supplements like Tonat that support testosterone strength and recovery. And that is why I'm such a huge fan of Momentus' product because they make the only NSFcertified Tonat Ali on the planet. That means it's so rigorously tested that even Olympic athletes can use it and why I partnered with them because they make the most carefully tested, highest quality supplements on Earth. This is a huge part of my brain, body, and sleep stack, which makes a big impact on my cognition, my strength, and my recovery.
那才是该行动的时候。而在那之前,只是因为别人告诉你应该做、或者社会告诉你应该做、或者你有一点愧疚感才去做——这些都是三心二意的努力,而三心二意的努力带不了你到那儿。随着年龄增长,有一件事会越来越难以忽视,那就是你的睾酮水平。它影响方方面面,从你的精力到你的情绪,再到你的恢复能力。不过,有一些有科学依据的补剂,比如东革阿里(Tongkat Ali),可以支持睾酮、力量和恢复。这也是为什么我特别喜欢 Momentous 的产品,因为他们做的是全球唯一通过 NSF 认证的东革阿里。这意味着它经过了极其严格的检测,连奥运选手都能用,这也是我和他们合作的原因——他们做的是地球上检测最严谨、品质最高的补剂。这是我大脑、身体和睡眠补剂组合中非常重要的一部分,对我的认知、力量和恢复都有很大帮助。
便签引用
1:20:58
And if you're still unsure, Momentous offers a 30-day money back guarantee. So, you can buy it and try it for 29 days. If you don't love it, they'll give you your money back. Plus, they ship internationally. Right now, you can get 35% off your subscription and that 30-day money back guarantee by going to the link in the description below or heading to livemus.com/modernwisdomd and using the code modernwisdom at checkout. That's l i v m o m e n t o.com/modernwisdom and modern wisdom a checkout. You mentioned anxiety before. Uh imagine how effective you'd be if you weren't anxious all the time is is one of yours and anxiety is the emotion dour of the 21st century and lots of driven people very anxious very paranoid that's what's caused them to be affected. They pay so much attention detail oriented not letting things go staying up at night thinking about it. That's the paranoia coming in. What have you come to learn about anxiety and dealing with it?
如果你还是不确定,Momentous 提供 30 天退款保证。所以你可以买来试 29 天。如果你不喜欢,他们会把钱退给你。而且他们支持国际配送。现在,你可以享受订阅 35% 的折扣以及那个 30 天退款保证,只要点击下方描述里的链接,或者访问 livemomentous.com/modernwisdom,并在结账时使用优惠码 modernwisdom。就是 l-i-v-m-o-m-e-n-to-u-s.com/modernwisdom,结账时输入 modernwisdom。你前面提到了焦虑。呃,『想象一下如果你不是一直那么焦虑,你会有多高效』这也是你说过的一句话。焦虑是 21 世纪的时代情绪,很多有驱动力的人都非常焦虑、非常多疑,而正是这些让他们变得有成效。他们极度专注细节、放不下事情、深夜还在想着它。那就是多疑在起作用。关于焦虑以及如何应对它,你有什么体会?
便签引用
1:21:50
So, anxiety and stress are interesting. They're very related. Stress is when uh like if you look at an iron beam, when an iron beam is under stress, it's cuz it's being bent in two different directions at the same time. So, when your mind is under stress, it's because it has two conflicting desires at once. So, for example, you know, you you want to be liked, but you want to do something selfish, and you can't reconcile the two, and so you're under stress. uh you want to do something for somebody else, you want to do something for yourself, right? These aream you you don't want to go to work but you want to make money so you're under stress right so you have two conflicting desires and I think one of the ways to get through stress is to acknowledge that oh I actually have two conflicting desires and either I need to resolve it I need to pick one and then be okay losing the other or I will decide later but at least just being aware of why you're stress can help alleviate a lot of stress and then anxiety I think is sort
焦虑和压力很有意思。它们关系很紧密。压力是指——比如你看一根铁梁,铁梁承受压力,是因为它同时被往两个不同的方向弯折。所以当你的心智处于压力之下,是因为它同时有两个相互冲突的欲望。比如说,你知道的,你想被别人喜欢,但你又想做一件自私的事,你没法调和这两者,于是你就有了压力。呃,你想为别人做点什么,同时你又想为自己做点什么,对吧?这些都是——你不想去上班但你想赚钱,所以你就有压力,对吧。所以你有两个相互冲突的欲望,而我认为化解压力的方法之一,就是承认:哦,我其实有两个相互冲突的欲望,要么我需要解决它、需要选一个,然后接受失去另一个;要么我以后再决定。但至少仅仅是意识到自己为什么有压力,就能缓解很多压力。然后焦虑,我觉得是那种
便签引用
1:22:44
of this pervasive unidentifiable able stress where you're just kind of stressed out all the time and you're not even sure why and you can't even identify the underlying problem. I think the reason for that is because you you have so many uh unresolved problems, unresolved stress points that have piled up in your life that you can no longer identify what the problems are and there's this mountain of garbage in your mind and it's a little bit of it poking out the top like an iceberg and that's anxiety. But underneath there's a lot of unresolved things. And so you just need to kind of go through very carefully every time you're anxious. Like, okay, why am I anxious this time? I don't know why. Oh, well, let me sit here and just think about it. Let me let me write down what the possible causes could be. Let me meditate on it. Let me journal. Let me talk to a therapist. Let me talk to my friends. Let me just kind of see like when does that stress go away? If you can kind of identify and unravel and
弥漫性的、无法辨识的压力,你就是一直处于紧绷状态,而你甚至不知道为什么,你甚至说不出底层的问题是什么。我认为原因在于,你有太多未解决的问题、未化解的压力点在你生活中堆积起来,以至于你再也辨认不出问题到底是什么了,你脑子里有一座垃圾山,只有一点点露在外面,像冰山一样,那露出来的就是焦虑。但水面之下有很多没解决的事情。所以你需要非常仔细地逐一梳理,每次焦虑的时候就问:好,我这次为什么焦虑?我不知道为什么。那好,让我坐下来好好想想。让我写下可能的原因有哪些。让我冥想一下。让我写日记。让我去找心理治疗师聊聊。让我跟朋友聊聊。让我看看那种压力什么时候消失。如果你能识别、拆解并
便签引用
1:23:36
resolve these issues, then I think that helps get rid of anxiety. uh a lot of the anxiety is piled up because we move through life too quickly, not observing our own reactions to things. We don't resolve them. So, this goes counter to what I was saying earlier about not reflecting too much on things, but you reflect on the problems to observe them and solve them. You don't reflect on them to feel better about yourself, to indulge them. Well, if if if you're doing it to just feel better about yourself, that could be strengthening your personality and your ego and could be creating a more fragile personality. Um, you know, one one big anxiety resolver for me is just ruminating on death. I think that's a good one. You're going to die. It's all going to zero. You cannot take anything with you. And I know this is trit. And I know the the we don't spend enough time thinking about the big questions. We kind of give up on them when we're very, very young. You know, a little child might ask the big questions like, why
解决这些问题,我觉得那就有助于消除焦虑。呃,很多焦虑之所以堆积起来,是因为我们在生活中走得太快,没有观察自己对事情的反应。我们没有把它们化解掉。所以这跟我前面说的『不要过度反思』看起来是矛盾的,但你反思问题是为了观察它们并解决它们。你反思不是为了让自己感觉更好,不是为了纵容它们。嗯,如果你这么做只是为了让自己感觉好一点,那可能是在强化你的人格和自我,可能会造就一个更脆弱的人格。呃,你知道,对我来说一个很有效的焦虑化解方式,就是反复思考死亡。我觉得这招不错。你终将会死。一切都归零。你什么也带不走。我知道这话听着老套。我也知道,我们没有花足够的时间去思考那些大问题。我们在很小很小的时候就放弃了这些问题。你知道,小孩子可能会问那些大问题,比如,我们
便签引用
1:24:26
are we here? What's the meaning of life? What is this all about? You know, is there Santa Claus? Is there God? But then as adults, we're taught not to think about these things or we've given up on them. But I think the big questions are the big questions for good reasons. And uh if you can keep the idea in front of you at all times that you're going to die and that everything goes literally to zero. What's there to stress about? Yeah. For better or worse, life is very short. How should people deal with its briefness?
为什么在这里?生命的意义是什么?这一切到底是怎么回事?你知道,有圣诞老人吗?有上帝吗?但长大后,我们被教导不要去想这些事,或者我们已经放弃了它们。但我觉得,大问题之所以是大问题,是有充分理由的。呃,如果你能时刻把这个念头放在眼前——你终将会死,一切都真真切切地归零——那还有什么好焦虑的呢?是啊。无论好坏,人生都很短暂。人应该怎么面对它的短暂?
便签引用
1:24:57
Enjoy it. Make the best of it. You know, it's it's even briefer than that. Each moment just disappears. it's gone. There's only a present moment and it's gone instantly. So if you're not if you're not there for it, if you're stressed out or you're anxious or you're thinking about something else, you missed it. So you're any moment when you're not in that moment, you are dead to that moment. You might as well be dead because your mind is off doing something else or you know living in some imagined reality that is just a very poor substitute for the actual reality. So one of my recent realizations was what is wasted time?
享受它。充分地过好它。你知道,其实比那还要短。每一个瞬间都在消失,它就没了。只有一个当下的瞬间,而它转瞬即逝。所以如果你不在场,如果你处在压力中、或者焦虑、或者在想别的事情,你就错过了它。所以任何一个你不在其中的瞬间,你对那个瞬间而言就是死的。你还不如死了,因为你的心跑去干别的了,或者说你活在某个想象出来的现实里,而那只是真实现实的一个非常糟糕的替代品。所以我最近的一个领悟是:什么叫浪费时间?
便签引用
1:25:35
What is a what is a waste of time? So I don't like to waste time but what is wasted time? And everything is wasted time in a sense because nothing matters in the ultimate. Uh but in each moment the thing matters. In each moment it's the only thing that matters. Actually the what's happening in front of you is literally has all the meaning in the world. And so what matters is just being present for the thing. So if you're doing something that you want to do and you're fully there for it, then it's not wasted time. If you don't want to do it and your mind is running away from it and you're reacting against it and you're wishing you were somewhere else and you're thinking about some other thing or you're anticipating some future thing or regretting some past thing or being fearful of something, then that's wasted time.
什么算是浪费时间?我不喜欢浪费时间,但什么才是浪费时间?从某种意义上说,一切都是浪费时间,因为在终极意义上没有任何事重要。呃,但在每一个当下,那件事是重要的。在每一个当下,它是唯一重要的事。其实,你眼前正在发生的事,真真切切地承载着世上所有的意义。所以重要的只是在场,为这件事在场。所以如果你在做一件你想做的事,而且你完全投入其中,那就不是浪费时间。如果你不想做它,你的心想逃离它,你在抗拒它,你希望自己在别的地方,你在想着别的事情,或者你在期待某件未来的事、后悔某件过去的事、害怕某件事,那就是浪费时间。
便签引用
1:26:20
That's time that's being wasted when you're not actually present for the reality in front of you. So my definition of wasted time, yes I do want some material things in life and I you know there there are things that have more value than others within this life but this life is very short and bounded. So the true wasted time is a time that you're not present for when you are not there for it. When you're not doing the thing you want to do to the best of your capability such that you're immersed in it. If you're not immersed in this moment then you're wasting your time.
那是被浪费掉的时间——当你没有真正为眼前的现实在场的时候。所以我对浪费时间的定义是——是的,我确实想要生活中的一些物质东西,而且你知道,在这一生中确实有些东西比另一些更有价值,但这一生非常短暂、有限。所以真正被浪费的时间,是你没有在场的那段时间,是你不在其中的时候。是你没有以最大的能力去做你想做的事、没有沉浸其中的时候。如果你没有沉浸在这个当下,那你就是在浪费你的时间。
便签引用
1:26:48
People get worried about dying and no longer being here, but they don't realize that so much of their life is spent not being here in any case. That's right. But and I think people crave being here for it. And and and when you're here for it, you're actually not thinking about yourself. You are more immersed in the thing, the the moment, the task at hand. We don't want peace of mind. We want peace for our mind. That's right. Yeah. You don't peace. The mind is what can eat you alive if you let it. And there's more to you than the mind.
人们担心死亡、担心不再存在于这个世上,但他们没意识到,他们人生中有很大一部分本来就没有真正活在当下。没错。而且我觉得人是渴望在场的。而当你真的在场时,你其实不会想着自己。你更沉浸在那件事里、那个当下、手头的任务里。我们要的不是内心的平静,而是让心安静下来。没错。是的,你不是——心如果你放任它,它能把你活活吞噬。而你不止是这颗心。
便签引用
1:27:16
How so? Well, I mean the very I don't want to disassemble the body, so to speak, right? Because please go on. Yeah. At the end of the day, like everything arises within your consciousness, right? You you got nowhere else to experience it. Sorry. You've got nowhere else to experience. Nowhere else to experience it. And that consciousness is uh relatively static in the sense that it's been exactly the same from the moment you were born to the moment you die. And everything that you experience from your body from your mind to the world to to everything is within that consciousness. Uh and that thing that base layer of being and this is what the Buddhists will tell you is the real thing. Everything that comes and goes in the middle including your mind including your body is unreal. And trying to find stability in those transient things is is your castle that you're building on sand that's going to crumble.
怎么讲?嗯,我是说,我不想把这个人拆解开来分析,可以这么说,对吧?因为——请继续说。是啊。说到底,一切都是在你的意识中生起的,对吧?你没有别的地方可以体验它。抱歉。你没有别的地方可以体验。没有别的地方可以体验它。而那个意识,从某种意义上说是相对静止的,因为从你出生的那一刻到你死去的那一刻,它完全是同一个。你所体验的一切——从你的身体、你的心智,到这个世界,到所有一切——都在那个意识之中。呃,而那个东西,那个存在的底层——这也是佛教徒会告诉你的——才是真实的。中间来来去去的一切,包括你的心智、包括你的身体,都是不真实的。而试图在那些短暂的事物中寻找稳定,就是你建在沙子上的城堡,终将坍塌。
便签引用
1:28:07
Life is going to play out the way it's going to play out. There will be some good and some bad. Most of it is actually just up to your interpretation. You're born, you have a set of sensory experiences, and then you die. How you choose to interpret those experiences is up to you. And different people interpret them in different ways. Yeah. The old line about two people walking down the street. They're having the exact same experience. One is h experience. One is happy, one is sad, right? It's a narrative in their heads.
人生会怎样展开就会怎样展开。会有一些好的,也会有一些坏的。其实大部分都取决于你的诠释。你出生,你有一连串的感官体验,然后你死去。你选择如何诠释这些体验,取决于你自己。不同的人会用不同的方式诠释它们。是啊。有句老话说两个人走在同一条街上。他们有着完全相同的经历。一个是——一个开心,一个难过,对吧?这是他们脑子里的一套叙事。
便签引用
1:28:30
It's how they choose to interpret. Um, so I think when I said that, it was a long time ago. I was talking more about having positive interpretations and negative interpretations. But these days, I think it's better just not to have any interpretations and to just allow things to be. You're still going to have interpretations. You can't stop it. Uh and nor should you try. But even that having an interpretation is just a thing you can leave alone. Yeah. I really want to try and just dig in a little more to the best way to remind people that they should value their time. just how brief it is that the time that you spend ruminating, being distracted, fears of the past, regrets.
这是他们选择的解读方式。嗯,所以我觉得我说那句话的时候,已经是很久以前了。当时我更多讲的是有正面的解读和负面的解读。但如今我觉得,更好的方式是干脆不带任何解读,就让事情顺其自然。你还是会产生解读的。你没法阻止。呃,也不该去阻止。但即便是产生了解读,那也只是一件你可以放着不管的事。是啊。我很想再深入挖一挖,怎样才是提醒人们珍惜自己时间的最好方式。时间有多么短暂,而你却把它花在反复琢磨、分心走神、恐惧过去、后悔遗憾上。
便签引用
1:29:11
Well, I don't want to tell anybody how to live their life. I would just say that to the extent that you want to improve your quality of life, the uh the easiest and best way to do that is to observe your own mind and your own thoughts and and be a little not not necessarily critical but um be observant of yourself more objectively and then you'll kind of realize your own loops and patterns. It takes time. It's not it's not overnight. It's not instantaneous. So you mean letting go is not a one-time event.
嗯,我不想告诉任何人该怎么过日子。我只能说,如果你想提升自己的生活质量,那么最简单、最好的办法就是观察自己的心念、自己的想法,并且对自己不一定要带着批判,但嗯,要更客观地观察自己,然后你就会意识到自己的那些循环和固有模式。这需要时间,不是一夜之间就能做到的,也不是立竿见影的。所以你的意思是,放下并不是一次性完成的事。
便签引用
1:29:44
Yeah. And and there's letting go is not necessarily even the right answer. Like yes, if you're trying to be an enlightened being and you know you want to live like a god and everything's going to be perfect and be a Buddha, sure you can let go. But uh I think in practice it's actually quite hard to do. Um, I think I would say that it's uh you're going to find a lot of fulfillment out of life by just doing what you want to do and genuinely exploring what it is that you want rather than doing what other people expect you to do or society expects you to do or what you might just think should be done by default. Um, you know, I think most older successful people will tell you that their life was best when they lived it unapologetically on their own terms.
对。而且放下也未必就是正确答案。当然,如果你想成为一个开悟的人,你知道,你想活得像个神仙,一切都完美无缺,成佛,那当然可以放下。但呃,我觉得实际操作起来这其实相当难。嗯,我想说的是,呃,你会从生活中获得很多满足感,只要你去做你真正想做的事,真诚地去探索自己到底想要什么,而不是去做别人期待你做的事,或者社会期待你做的事,或者你默认觉得“应该”去做的事。嗯,你知道,我觉得大多数上了年纪的成功人士都会告诉你,他们人生中最好的时光,是他们毫无歉意地按自己的方式活着的时候。
便签引用
09直觉判断与三大人生决策
1:30:28
Be selfish. Holistic selfishness. We can clip that little selfish. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Keep running back. Bad guy. Great. I I had this insight or a question, I guess. How much do you think that we should trust the voice in our heads? Because half of wisdom suggests to rely on your sort of bottomup intuition and then half of it has to be sort of top down rational as possible. How do you navigate the tension between head and gut in this way? I think the gut is what decides. Um the head is kind of what rationalizes it afterwards. The gut is the ultimate decision maker. If it doesn't and and what is the gut? The gut is refined judgment. It's taste aggregate aggregated and it could be aggregated through evolution uh and it's in your genes and your DNA or it could be aggregated through your experiences and what you've thought through. The mind is good at solving new problems and uh new problems in the external world that have defi defined edges you know beginnings and ends and and objectives.
自私一点。整体性的自私。这句可以剪出来——有点自私。对对对。一直往回倒。坏人。太棒了。我有过这么一个感悟,或者说一个问题吧。你觉得我们该在多大程度上信任脑子里的那个声音?因为一半的智慧告诉你要依靠自下而上的直觉,另一半又要求尽可能自上而下地理性。你怎么处理这种头脑与直觉之间的张力?我认为做决定的是直觉。嗯,头脑某种程度上是事后为它找理由的。直觉才是最终的决策者。如果它不……那直觉又是什么?直觉就是精炼过的判断力。是品味,是聚合起来的,它可以聚合自通过进化而来,写在你的基因和DNA里;也可能是通过你的经历积累而来,还有你想明白的那些事。头脑擅长解决新问题,擅长解决外部世界里那些有明确边界的新问题,就是有开头、有结尾、有目标的那种。
便签引用
1:31:30
What the mind is actually really bad at is making hard decisions. So when you have a hard decision to make I find it's better to yes you ruminate on it. You think through all the pros and cons but then you sleep on it. You wait a couple of days. You wait until the gut answer appears with conviction and it feels right. And when you're younger, it takes longer because you just don't have as much experience. And when you're older, uh, it can happen much faster, which is why, you know, and you have less time to Yeah. And old people just more set in their ways as a consequence, right? They know what they want. They know what they don't want. Um, so it takes time to develop your gut instinct and judgment.
头脑真正不擅长的,是做艰难的决定。所以当你要做一个艰难的决定时,我发现更好的办法是——对,你反复琢磨它,把所有利弊都想一遍,然后先放一放,睡一觉。你等上几天。你一直等到那个直觉答案带着笃定浮现出来,感觉对了。你年轻的时候,这需要更长时间,因为你就是没那么多经验。等你年纪大了,这个过程会快得多,所以你知道,而且你剩下的时间也更少了。对。而且老年人因此也更固执,对吧?他们知道自己想要什么,也知道自己不想要什么。嗯,所以培养你的直觉和判断力是需要时间的。
便签引用
1:32:04
But once you've developed them, don't trust anything else because you can't go against your gut. It'll bite you in the end. Uh usually in relationships that failed, you can look back and say, "Oh, actually, I knew it was going to fail because of this reason, but I kind of went ahead anyway because I wanted it to be this way, right? I wanted this person to be a different way than they are, or I wanted to get a different thing out of it than I thought I was going to than I knew I was going to get, but I just wanted it." So sometimes desire will override your judgment and then trap.
但一旦你培养出来了,就别再相信别的东西了,因为你不能违背自己的直觉。到头来它会反咬你一口。通常那些失败的感情,你回头看就会说:“哦,其实我早就知道会因为这个原因失败,但我还是硬着头皮往前走了,因为我希望它是那个样子,对吧?我希望这个人是另一个样子,而不是他们本来的样子;或者我希望从中得到一些别的东西,跟我以为的、跟我明知道会得到的不一样,但我就是想要。”所以有时候欲望会压过你的判断力,然后把你困住。
便签引用
1:32:31
Yeah. Wishful thinking. It traps you into a into a pathway that chews up time. What's that uh inside of yours? U we think we can't change ourselves but we can. We think we can change other people but we can't. Exactly. Uh I think to add to that you can't change other people. You can change your reaction to them. You can change yourself but other people only change through trauma or their own insight on their own schedule and never in a way that you like. Yeah. Alanderon says that uh people do sometimes change but rarely in relationships and never when they're told to.
对。一厢情愿的想法。它把你困在一条耗掉大把时间的路上。你那句话是怎么说的来着?嗯,我们以为自己改变不了自己,其实可以。我们以为自己能改变别人,其实不能。一点没错。嗯,我想再补充一点:你改变不了别人,但你可以改变自己对他们的反应。你可以改变你自己,而别人只会因为创伤或者他们自己的顿悟而改变,按他们自己的时间表,而且从来不会以你喜欢的方式改变。对。Alain de Botton 说过,人有时候确实会变,但很少在关系里变,而且被别人要求时绝不会变。
便签引用
1:33:03
Absolutely. Yeah. The fastest way to kind of alienate somebody is to tell them to change. In fact, uh the Dale Carnegie School of Public Speaking, you know, the way that operates is, uh they get you up there and they realize that the number one problem with public speaking is uh that uh people are very self-conscious and so uh people who are practicing in the Dale Carnegie School of Public Speaking, I don't know, I never went through I heard this secondhand so I could be wrong but I like the story where they get up and they start speaking and the people in the audience are only allowed to compliment them genuine compliments not fake compliments on things that they did well but you're not allowed to criticize them on things that they did poorly and eventually they kind of get through it and they develop the self-confidence the same way uh there's like the Michelle Thomas school of language learning and on that one what they do is you listen to a teacher talking to a student they're not teaching you you're
完全同意。对。让一个人疏远你最快的方式,就是叫他改变。其实,嗯,卡内基口才学校,你知道,他们的运作方式是,嗯,他们让你上台,他们意识到公众演讲的头号问题是,嗯,人们非常在意别人怎么看自己,所以,嗯,在卡内基口才学校练习的人——我不知道,我自己没上过,这是听来的,所以我可能说错了,但我喜欢这个说法——他们上台开始讲,台下的人只被允许称赞他们,真诚的称赞,不是假的称赞,赞美他们做得好的地方,但你不许批评他们做得不好的地方,最后他们慢慢就熬过来了,自信心也就建立起来了。同样的道理,嗯,还有个叫米歇尔·托马斯的语言学习法,在那个方法里他们的做法是,你听一位老师和一个学生对话,他们不是在教你,你不需要记住或背诵
便签引用
1:33:53
not expected to remember or memorize anything you just listen to a student stumbling over the language. It's a better way to learn because you yourself don't feel flustered. You're being tested, graded. Oh, so you're not in your own head as much. Correct. You're not in your own head and you're just you might even be laughing at the student or you might be agreeing with the teacher or vice versa or sympathizing with the student. But because you are a passive observer, you can be more objective about it and you aren't threatened or fearful and you can learn better. And coming back to the original point of you can't change people. If you do want to change someone's behavior, I I think the only effective way to do it is to compliment them when they do something you want.
任何东西,你就只是听着一个学生磕磕巴巴地说那门语言。这是更好的学习方式,因为你自己不会觉得慌乱。你没在被测验、被打分。哦,所以你不会那么纠结于自己的脑子里。对。你不会陷在自己脑子里,你甚至可能在笑话那个学生,或者你可能在赞同老师,或者反过来,或者同情那个学生。但因为你是个被动的旁观者,你能更客观地看待它,你不会感到威胁或恐惧,也就能学得更好。回到最开始那个点,你改变不了别人。如果你真的想改变某人的行为,我觉得唯一有效的办法就是在他们做了你希望的事情时称赞他们。
便签引用
1:34:30
Not to positive. Yeah. Exactly. Not to insult them or be negative or critical when they do something you don't want. And we can't help it. It's obviously in our nature to criticize. And I do it as well, but it just reminds me that like when somebody does something praiseworthy, don't forget to praise them. Like definitely go out of your way and and it'll be genuine. It has to be genuine. It can't be a fake thing. uh this is not, you know, one of those uh just dropping compliments type thing eventually that people will see through that. They want authenticity, but just don't forget to praise people when they do something praiseworthy and you'll get more of that behavior. There was a a really famous thread on Reddit about five questions to ask yourself if you're uncertain about your relationship. One of the questions was, "Are you truly in love with your partner or just their potential or the idea of them?" And that's the, you know, they show such great promise. They they look at their look at their ability for
不是去唱反调。对,没错。而不是在他们做了你不想要的事情时侮辱他们、否定他们或批评他们。而我们忍不住。批评显然是我们的天性。我自己也会这样,但这提醒我,当有人做了值得称赞的事,别忘了去称赞他们。一定要特意去做,而且那会是真诚的。必须是真诚的。不能是假的。嗯,这不是那种,你知道的,逢人就撒点恭维话的做法,那样时间长了别人是会看穿的。他们想要的是真实,但就是别忘了在别人做了值得称赞的事时去称赞他们,你就会看到更多这样的行为。Reddit 上有个非常有名的帖子,讲的是当你对自己的感情感到不确定时,应该问自己的五个问题。其中一个问题是:“你是真的爱你的伴侣,还是只爱他们的潜力,或者你想象中的他们?”而这就是,你知道的,他们表现出那么大的希望。他们看看他们改变和成长的能力。他们
便签引用
1:35:16
for for change and growth. They they they they're on the right path. The partner matching thing is so hard. Uh you know, when people come and ask me like, "Oh, should I be with this person?" Like, "Well, if you're asking me, the answer is clearly no." Right? Because you wouldn't have to ask if you were with the right person or when you ask someone like why they're uh in a relationship with somebody and they start reading out his or her resume, right? That's also a bad sign. What do you mean? Oh, it's like, oh, we have so much in common. We like to golf together. It's like, it's not a basis for a relationship. Or, oh, you know, she's a ballerina or, you know, he went to Harvard or what have you. These are resume items. That's not who the person actually is.
他们他们他们走在正确的路上。找伴侣这件事真的太难了。嗯,你知道,当有人来问我:“哦,我该不该跟这个人在一起?”我就会说:“呃,如果你要来问我,那答案显然是不。”对吧?因为如果你和对的人在一起,你根本不用问。或者当你问某个人为什么会和某人在一起,而他们开始念对方的简历,对吧?那也是个坏兆头。什么意思?哦,就是那种:哦,我们有好多共同点。我们喜欢一起打高尔夫。这种东西不足以成为一段关系的基础。或者,哦,你知道,她是个芭蕾舞演员,或者,你知道,他上的是哈佛,诸如此类。这些都是简历条目。那不是这个人真正是谁。
便签引用
1:35:55
What's a better answer? I just love being with this person. I just trust them. I, you know, I I enjoy being around them. I I I love how capable he is. I love how kind kind she is. You know, I love her spirit. I love his energy. uh the more the the more materially and concretely definable the reasons are you're together the worse they are. Uh the ineffable is actually where the sort of true love lies because real love is a form of unity. It's a form of connection. It's connecting spirits. Oh you two, my consciousness meets your consciousness.
什么才是更好的答案?我就是喜欢和这个人在一起。我就是信任他们。我,你知道,我喜欢待在他们身边。我我我爱他有多能干。我爱她有多善良。你知道,我爱她的灵魂。我爱他的能量。呃,你们在一起的理由越是物质化、越是具体可描述,这些理由就越糟糕。呃,那种说不清道不明的东西,才是真爱所在的地方,因为真正的爱是一种合一。它是一种连接。它是灵魂之间的连接。哦,你们俩,我的意识遇见了你的意识。
便签引用
1:36:27
It's a the the the underlying drive uh in love, in art, in uh science, in uh mysticism is the desire for unity. It's a desire for connection. As you know, Bourhees famously wrote, "In every human, there's a sense that something infinite has been lost." You know, there's a God-shaped hole in you you're trying to fill. And so, we're always trying to find that connection. Love is trying to find it in one other person and saying, "Okay, you're male, I'm female, or whatever." And you know, whatever your predilictions are, and now now we connect, now we form a hole uh connected hole. Or in mysticism it's like it's all about okay sit down meditate and you'll feel the whole. In science it's like oh uh you know atoms bouncing is mechanics but that generates heat. So thermodynamics and motion or kinetics are one combined theory that's a whole.
这是那种潜藏在爱里、在艺术里、在呃科学里、在呃神秘主义里的根本驱动力,就是对合一的渴望。这是对连接的渴望。就像你知道的,博尔赫斯有句名言:“在每个人身上,都有一种感觉,觉得某种无限的东西已经失去了。”你知道,你身体里有一个上帝形状的洞,你一直想把它填满。所以我们总是在寻找那种连接。爱就是试图在另一个人身上找到它,然后说:“好吧,你是男人,我是女人,或者不管怎样。”而且你知道,不管你的偏好是什么,现在我们连接起来了,现在我们形成了一个整体,一个连接起来的整体。或者在神秘主义里,就是说,一切都关于:好,坐下来冥想,然后你就会感受到那个整体。在科学里,就像是,哦,呃,你知道,原子碰撞是力学,但那会产生热量。所以热力学和运动学或者动力学是一个合并的理论,那是一个整体。
便签引用
1:37:19
Electricity and magnetism are one thing that's that's the whole creates that sense of awe. Uh in art it's like I feel an emotion I create a piece of art around it and then you see that painting or you see the cysteine chapel or you read the poem and you feel that emotion. So again, it's it's creating unity. It's creating connection. Uh and I think everybody craves that. And so when you really love somebody, it's because you you feel a sense of wholeness by being around them. Uh and that sense of wholeness probably doesn't have anything to do with what school they went to, you know, or what career they're in. Just sort of tying that into the life is short, stop [ __ ] about. Uh if you're faced with a difficult choice and you cannot decide, the answer is no. And the reason is modern society is full of options.
电和磁是一回事,那就是整体,那会创造出那种敬畏感。呃,在艺术里,就像是我感受到一种情绪,我围绕它创作一件艺术品,然后你看到那幅画,或者你看到西斯廷教堂,或者你读到那首诗,你就感受到了那种情绪。所以再说一次,这是在创造合一。这是在创造连接。呃,我觉得每个人都渴望那个。所以当你真正爱一个人的时候,那是因为待在他们身边你会有一种完整感。呃,而那种完整感可能跟他们上过什么学校毫无关系,你知道,或者他们从事什么职业。就是把这个跟“人生苦短,别再瞎搞”联系起来。呃,如果你面临一个艰难的选择,而你无法决定,那答案就是“不”。原因是现代社会充满了选项。
便签引用
1:38:05
Yeah. Knowing this rationally sounds sounds great, but having the courage to commit to it in reality, I think is a different task. And cutting your losses quickly in the big three, relationships, jobs, and locations is hard. What would you say to someone who may cerebrally be able to agree with you and say, "I understand." My cousin said this about me. He said that uh he said what I really he says what I've really noticed about you is your ability to walk away from situations that are just not great enough for you or not good enough for you. And I think that is a characteristic that I have. I will not accept second best outcomes in my life.
是啊。理性上明白这一点听起来很棒,但真正有勇气在现实中做到,我觉得是另一回事了。而在三大领域——感情、工作和居住地——上迅速止损是很难的。你会对那些在头脑上认同你、会说“我明白”的人说什么?我表弟这样评价过我。他说呃,他说我真正——他说他真正注意到我身上的一点是,你有能力从那些对你来说不够好、或者不够棒的处境中抽身离开。我觉得那确实是我具备的一个特质。我不会接受我人生中次优的结果。
便签引用
1:38:50
Um ultimately you will end up wherever is acceptable to you. You will get out of life whatever is acceptable to you. Um, and there are certain things to me that are very very important where I will not settle for second best. But then there are a lot of other things I just don't care about because if I spend all my time caring about those things, I don't have the energy for the few things that matter. And uh, so in decision-m I have a few heristics for myself. Other people can use their own, but mine are if you can't decide, the answer is no. If you're offered an opportunity, if you have a new thing that you're saying yes or no to that is a change from where you're starting, the answer is by default always no. Secondly, uh if you have two decisions, if you have A or B and both seem like very equal, take the path that's more painful in the short term, the one that's going to be painful immediately because your brain is always trying to avoid pain. So any pain that is imminent, it is going to treat as
嗯,最终你会停留在任何你能接受的地方。你能从生活中得到的,就是任何你觉得可以接受的东西。嗯,而对我来说有些事情非常非常重要,在那些事上我不会将就次优的选择。但接着还有还有很多别的事情我根本不在乎,因为如果我把所有时间都花在关心那些事情上,我就没有精力去做那几件真正重要的事了。所以在做决策上,我给自己总结了几条经验法则。别人可以用他们自己的,但我的是:如果你拿不定主意,答案就是「不」。如果有人给你一个机会,如果你面对一件新的事情要说「是」还是「否」,而这件事会改变你现在的状态,那默认答案永远是「不」。第二条,如果你面对两个选择,A 和 B 看起来势均力敌,那就选短期内更痛苦的那条路,就是那个会让你马上难受的选择,因为你的大脑总是在试图逃避痛苦。所以任何迫在眉睫的痛苦,它都会放大,觉得比实际严重得多。
便签引用
1:39:50
much larger than it actually is. This is kind of like a decision-making equivalent of Talib surgeon. Uh tell surgeon where you want the surgeon that doesn't look as good because he's more likely to be a good surgeon. Yeah, it's similar in that appearances are deceiving because you're avoiding conflict. You're avoiding pain. So take the path is more painful in the short term because your brain is creating this illusion that the short-term pain is greater than the long-term pain. Because long-term yeah you you'll commit your future self to all kinds of long-term mana.
这有点像塔勒布那个「外科医生」原则在决策上的版本。就是那个外科医生的例子——你要选那个看起来不太体面的外科医生,因为他更可能是个好医生。对,相似之处在于外表是有欺骗性的,因为你是在逃避冲突,你是在逃避痛苦。所以选短期内更痛苦的那条路,因为你的大脑制造了一种错觉,让你觉得短期的痛苦比长期的痛苦更大。因为长期嘛——你会让未来的自己去承担各种各样的「明天再说」。
便签引用
1:40:16
Mñana exactly mñana. So take the more short-term painful one. And then finally the last one which I would credit Kapo Gupta with uh is that you want to take it take the choice that will leave you more equinimous in the long term. By quantumous he means like more at peace more mental peace in the long term. So whatever clears your mind more and will have you having less self-t talk in the future if you can model that out that is probably the better route to go. And then I would focus decision-m down on the three things that really matter because everything else is downstream of these these three decisions. Especially these are early life decisions. Later in life, you have different things to optimize for. But early in life, you're trying to figure out who you're with, what you're doing, and where you live.
「明天再说」,没错,mañana。所以选短期更痛苦的那个。最后一条,这一条我要归功于卡波·古普塔,那就是你要选那个长期来看让你更「平静」的选项。他说的平静,意思是长期来看内心更安宁、更平和。所以哪个选择能让你脑子更清爽,以后内心的自我对话更少——如果你能推演出来的话——那多半就是更好的那条路。然后我会把决策聚焦在真正重要的三件事上,因为其他一切都是这三个决定的下游产物。尤其这些是人生早期的决定。到了人生后期,你要优化的是别的东西。但在早期,你要弄清楚的是:你和谁在一起,你做什么,以及你住在哪里。
便签引用
1:40:59
And I think on all three of those, you want to think you want to think pretty hard about it. And people do some of these unconsciously. You know, who you're with very often it's like, well, we were in a relationship. We stumbled along. It felt okay. It had been enough time, so we got married. Right? Not great reasons. Maybe not terrible reasons either. I mean, people who overthink these things sometimes don't get the right answer. But maybe here, if you're the kind of person that's not going to settle for second best, you iterate. You iterate on a closed time frame so you don't run out the clock.
我觉得这三件事上,你都得好好想清楚。而很多人是无意识地做了其中一些决定的。比如「和谁在一起」,常常就是:嗯,我们在谈恋爱,稀里糊涂就走下去了,感觉还行,时间也够长了,于是就结婚了。对吧?这不是什么好理由。也许也算不上多糟糕的理由。我是说,有些人把这些事想太多,反而得不出正确答案。但也许在这件事上,如果你是那种不愿意将就次优选择的人,那你就要不断迭代。在一个有截止时间的框架内迭代,这样你才不会把时间耗光。
便签引用
1:41:27
And then you decide um on what you do. You try a whole bunch of different things until you find the one that feels like play to you, looks like work to others. You can't lose at it. Um get some leverage. try to find some practical application of it and go into that. And then where you live, uh where you live is really important. I don't think people spend enough time on that one. I think people pick cities randomly based on where I went to school or where my family happened to be or where uh my friend was or I visited one weekend. I really liked it. You really want to think it through because where you live really constrains and defines your opportunities. Um it uh it it's going to determine your friend circle. It's going to determine your dating pool. It's going to determine your job opportunities. It's going to determine the food and air and water quality that you receive. Um, it's going to determine your proximity to your family, which might be important as you get older and have kids. So, very, very, very
然后你要决定你做什么。你去尝试一大堆不同的事情,直到找到那件对你来说像玩、对别人来说像工作的事。在这件事上你不会输。再去获得一些杠杆,试着找到它的某种实际应用,然后投身进去。至于你住在哪里——住在哪里真的非常重要。我觉得人们在这件事上花的心思远远不够。我感觉很多人选城市都很随意,因为我在那儿上的学,或者我家人碰巧在那儿,或者我朋友在那儿,或者我某个周末去了一趟,特别喜欢。你真的得好好想清楚,因为你住在哪里极大地限定和塑造了你的机会。它会决定你的朋友圈,会决定你的择偶范围,会决定你的工作机会,也会决定你接触到的食物、空气和水的质量。还会决定你离家人有多近,这一点在你年纪渐长、有了孩子之后可能很重要。所以这是一个非常非常非常重要的决定。还有天气、
便签引用
1:42:19
important decision. Weather, you know, quality of life. How much do you stay inside or outside? How long are you going to live based on that? And I think people choose that one probably more poorly than they put a lot less thought into that one than the other two. I in some ways, yeah, but also the You're so right. How many people fall backward into a relationship and before they know it, we're living together, we got a dog, we got a kid, we were married and you know, yeah. And then when you have kids, because then that's half of you and half of them running around, you're never going to separate yourself from that. So once you have a child with somebody, then the most important thing in the world to you is half that other person whether you like them or not.
生活质量。你会更多待在室内还是户外?基于这些你能活多久?我觉得人们在这件事上的选择大概是最糟的——他们在这件事上花的心思,比另外两件少得多。某种程度上是的,不过另外——你说得太对了。有多少人是稀里糊涂地掉进一段关系里,还没反应过来,我们就同居了,养了狗,有了孩子,结了婚,然后你知道的,对。而且等你有了孩子,因为那是一半的你和一半的他/她跑来跑去,你就永远没法把自己从中抽离了。所以一旦你和某个人有了孩子,那么这世上对你最重要的东西,就有一半是那个人——不管你喜不喜欢他们。
便签引用
1:42:54
Mhm. Yeah. Uh Jeffrey Miller had a tweet a long time ago that I always think about and he said every parenting book in the world could be replaced with one book on behavioral genetics that I am a big believer in genetics. Yes, I do think a lot of behavior is downstream of genetics and I think we underplay that. We like to overplay nurture and underplay nurture for sorry underplay nature for societal reasons but nature is a big deal. Um the temperament of the person you marry is probably going to be reflected in your child by default.
嗯。是的。杰弗里·米勒很久以前发过一条推文,我一直记着,他说世上每一本育儿书都可以用一本讲行为遗传学的书来取代。我非常相信基因的作用。是的,我确实认为很多行为是基因的下游结果,而且我觉得我们低估了这一点。出于社会层面的原因,我们倾向于高估后天教养、低估后天——不好意思,低估先天禀赋,但先天真的很重要。你结婚对象的性情,默认情况下多半会体现在你孩子身上。
便签引用
1:43:23
people want securely attached kid, pick a securely attached partner. Well, the secret to a happy relationship is two happy people, right? So, I would say if you want to be happy, then uh be with a happy person. Don't think you're going to be with someone who's unhappy and then make them happy down the road. Or if you're okay with them being unhappy, but there are other things you like about them, that's fine. But this goes back to the unhappiness with other things. Yes. And actually we we talked a little bit about how people do connect successfully, you know, on spirit and and those things, but that's maybe a little too abstract. If you want to get a little more practical, it could be based on values. And values are a set of things you won't compromise on. Values are the tough decisions of, oh, my parent got sick. Do they move in with us or do we put them in a in a nursing home? Uh, you know, the ch do we give the children money or do we not? uh you know do we um do we move across the country to be closer to our family or do
人们想要一个安全型依恋的孩子,那就找一个安全型依恋的伴侣。幸福关系的秘诀就是两个幸福的人,对吧?所以我会说,如果你想幸福,那就和一个幸福的人在一起。别以为你能跟一个不快乐的人在一起,然后慢慢把他们变快乐。或者你能接受他们不快乐,但你欣赏他们身上别的特质,那也没问题。但这就回到了「不快乐会波及其他事」这个话题。是的。其实我们前面也稍微聊到了人们是怎么成功连接的,你知道,在精神层面上那些东西,但那可能有点太抽象了。如果想说得更实际一点,可以基于价值观。而价值观就是一组你不会妥协的东西。价值观体现在那些艰难的决定里:噢,我父母病了,他们是搬来和我们一起住,还是我们送他们去养老院?还有,我们给不给孩子钱?还有,我们要不要为了离家人近一点搬到全国的另一头,还是就待在原地?还有,我们会不会为政治争吵,我们在不在乎
便签引用
1:44:17
we stay put where we are uh you know do we argue about politics do we care or do we not right the values are way more important than checklist items uh and uh I think if people were to align much more on their values they would have much more successful relationships the emotional pain of of fearing change I have this thing the job the location the partner I'm going to enter or not enter this thing. For the most part, it's leaving. I think we have this sort of loss aversion that that we really feel evolved loss aversion. It's just painful separating yourself in front of your friends. It's embarrassing. And how how would you advise people to uh get past themselves with the loss aversion? That fear of change. Oh my god, am I going to Yeah, it's the hardest thing in the world.
这些?对吧——价值观比清单上那些条件重要得多。我觉得如果人们能在价值观上更加一致,他们会拥有顺利得多的人际关系。害怕改变带来的情感痛苦——我有这份工作、这个地方、这个伴侣,我到底要不要进入这段关系。大多数情况下,难的是离开。我觉得我们有一种损失厌恶,一种进化出来的、感受特别强烈的损失厌恶。那真的很痛苦——在朋友面前分手,让人觉得丢脸。那你会怎么建议大家去克服自己的这种损失厌恶?那种对改变的恐惧。天啊,我是不是要……是啊,这是世界上最难的事。
便签引用
1:45:00
Uh starting over. It's back to the zero to one thing. It's uh it's the mountain climbing thing. You're not going to find your path to the top of the mountain in the first go around. Sometimes you go up there, you get stuck, and you come back down. And the difference between all the successful people and the ones who are not is the ones who are successful want it so badly they're willing to go back and start over again and again whether in their career or in their relationships or in anything else.
重新开始。这又回到了从零到一的问题。这就像爬山:你不可能第一次就找到登顶的路。有时候你爬上去,卡住了,又得下来。成功的人和不成功的人的区别就在于,成功的人渴望得太强烈了,愿意回过头一次又一次重新开始——不管是在事业上、感情上,还是别的任何事情上。
便签引用
1:45:22
The more seriously you take yourself, the unhappier you're going to be. You learned how to take yourself less seriously. Well, fame doesn't help on that one because that is one of the traps of fame. People are always talking about you. they have a certain view of you and you start believing that and then you take yourself seriously and then that limits your own actions. You can't look like a fool anymore. Um you can't do new things anymore. You know, tomorrow I announce I'm a break dancer, right? That's going to be met with a lot of scorn and ridicule. But what if I want to be back? I'd back I'd back you if you want to make that.
你把自己看得越重,你就会越不快乐。你是怎么学会不把自己太当回事的?嗯,名气在这件事上帮不上忙,因为这正是名气的陷阱之一。人们总在议论你,他们对你有一套固定的看法,然后你开始相信那套说法,接着你就把自己当回事了,这反过来限制了你自己的行动。你不能再出洋相了。嗯,你不能再尝试新东西了。你想想,要是我明天宣布我要当霹雳舞舞者,对吧?那肯定会招来一堆嘲笑和挖苦。但如果我就是想呢?我支持你。你要是想跳,我挺你。
便签引用
1:45:53
Yeah. The truth is if I want to be a break dancer, I'd be break dancing. But uh you know like I'm starting a new company 0ero to one again from scratch. Let's do it you know one more time. uh and not just going and raising a big VC fund or retiring or what have you. But that's because I want to build the product. I want to see it exist. So I think that you constantly just have to force yourself. You have to remind yourself. Um look, deep down you're still the same Chris you were when you were 9 years old. Deep down you're still a kid. Uh you know, you're still curious about the world. You still have a lot of the same predilictions and desires and wants. You've got a nice veneer on it.
是啊。说实话,如果我真想当霹雳舞舞者,我早就在跳了。但你知道,比如我现在又在从零到一从头开始做一家新公司。再来一次,你懂的。而不是去募一支很大的风投基金,或者退休什么的。而这是因为我想做出这个产品,我想看到它存在。所以我觉得你得不断地逼自己,提醒自己。你看,内心深处你还是九岁时的那个Chris。内心深处你还是个孩子。你还是对世界充满好奇,你还是有很多一样的偏好、欲望和渴求。只是外面裹了一层漂亮的壳。
便签引用
1:46:28
But one of the nice things when you have kids is you realize how much closer they are to you in personality and knowledge and knowhow. Like I look at my son who's uh you know he's eight and uh I just noticed like wow he's probably has 60 to 80% of my knowledge and development wisdom and he has a lot more freedom and he has a lot more spontaneity. In some ways he's smarter and there's not a big gap here left to close. this kid's going to be, you know, done very soon. It caught up to me. And so to the extent that I think I know better or that I'm somewhere or that I'm someone, it's it's just an illusion.
有孩子的一个好处是,你会意识到他们在性格、知识和本事上跟你有多接近。比如我看我儿子,他八岁,我突然发现,哇,他大概已经有我百分之六十到八十的知识、心智成熟度和智慧了,而且他拥有多得多的自由,多得多的率性。在某些方面他比我还聪明,我们之间已经没有多大的差距要填了。这孩子很快就要追平了。他已经赶上我了。所以,如果我觉得自己懂得更多,或者觉得自己到了某个高度、算是个人物,那都只是一种幻觉。
便签引用
1:47:04
It's is it's just a belief. What's the lineage between that and taking yourself too seriously? I shouldn't take myself too seriously because there's nothing here to take that seriously. And if I take myself too seriously, then I'm going to get trapped. I'm going to get I'm going to circumscribe myself again into a limited set of behaviors and outcomes that keep me from being free, keep me from being spontaneous, keep me from being happy. Um, so it it just goes back to the, you know, don't think about yourself too much. There's a special type of pain in realizing that the advice that you need to hear right now is something that almost always you learned a long time ago and that you know you're basically sort of the same person you were as you were nine. You know a lot of the time people ask questions like um what advice do you wish that you would give yourself 10 years ago? People ask themselves that question almost invariably the advice that you would give yourself 10 years ago is still the advice that you need to hear
那只是一个念头而已。这跟把自己太当回事之间有什么联系?我不应该太把自己当回事,因为这里根本没什么值得那么认真对待的。如果我太把自己当回事,我就会被困住。我会把自己又一次限制在一套有限的行为和结果里,让我无法自由,无法自发,无法快乐。嗯,所以这又回到那句话——别太想着自己。有一种特别的痛苦,就是当你意识到,你现在最需要听的那个建议,几乎总是你很久以前就已经学到的东西,而且你会发现,你基本上还是九岁时的那个自己。你知道,很多时候人们会问这样的问题:你希望给十年前的自己什么建议?人们问自己这个问题时,几乎无一例外,你会给十年前的自己的建议,也正是你今天需要听的
便签引用
1:47:59
today. Absolutely. That's why I did that exercise of thinking back, you know, 10 years, 20 years, 30 years ago. What advice would I give myself? For me, it's just be less emotional. Don't take don't take everything so seriously. Do the same things, but do them without all the emotional turbulence. And so, that's the advice I'm giving myself going forward. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. It's funny how we need that distance to be able to be a little bit more objective, to have a little bit more perspective. And it's almost a little bit of a trick, right?
那个建议。完全同意。所以我才做了那个练习——回想十年前、二十年前、三十年前,我会给自己什么建议?对我来说,就是少一点情绪化。别把什么都看得那么重。做同样的事,但做的时候别带那么多情绪波动。所以,这就是我现在给自己的建议。对对对对。很有意思,我们需要那种距离感才能更客观一点,才能有多一点的视角。这几乎算是一个小技巧,对吧?
便签引用
1:48:27
Because typically when you do that you say what would you tell a friend that was going through this right and then you try and turn the advice to the friend around onto yourself but you always think well I'm not the friend you go okay you 10 years ago there's enough distance in that you go oh I actually am still that person there's just a single line between that and and related to this story is I think understanding is way more important than discipline now Jaco would have a fit but you know on physical things discipline is important if I want To build a good body, I got to work out on a regular basis. But on mental things, I think understanding is way more important.
因为通常你会说,如果朋友遇到这种情况你会怎么跟他说,对吧,然后你试着把给朋友的建议反过来用在自己身上,但你总会想,可我不是那个朋友。而你说「十年前的你」,中间有足够的距离,你就会想,哦,我其实还是那个人,中间只隔着一条线。跟这个故事相关的是,我觉得理解远比自律重要。Jocko 可能会气得跳脚,但你知道,在身体层面的事情上,自律很重要。如果我想练出好身材,我就得规律地锻炼。但在心智层面的事情上,我觉得理解远比自律重要。
便签引用
1:49:03
Once you see the truth of something, you cannot unsee it. All of us have had experiences where we've seen a behavior in a person and then it just changes what we think about that person. We no longer want to be friends with them or we deeply respect them if it was, you know, really good behavior that maybe was observed unintentionally. Um so when we when we really do see something clearly it changes our behavior immediately and that is far more efficient than trying to change your behavior through repetition.
一旦你看清了某件事的真相,就再也无法视而不见了。我们都有过这样的经历:你看到一个人的某种行为,然后它就彻底改变了你对那个人的看法。你不再想跟他做朋友,或者你会深深敬重他——如果那是很好的行为,而且可能是你无意中看到的。嗯,所以当我们真正看清某件事时,我们的行为会立刻改变,这比试图通过重复来改变行为要高效得多。
便签引用
1:49:33
Could you give me an example? Um if you were let's say that you know you have a friend and then that person turns out to be a thief. You see that person stealing something you're done with them. uh if you are uh you know the the smoking lung cancer example is a good one right someone close to you or anytime someone close to you dies or you even hear about someone dying you hear about someone dying what's the first thing you do the first thing assuming that you weren't that close to them obviously you're close to them it's different but if you weren't that close to them but you know you hear about someone in your extended social dying you immediately start trying to different distinguish yourself from them you're like oh well how old was this person you know did they have were they a smoker you know did they have an issue do I have that issue, right? You immediately start comparing and what what you're what you're doing there is you're sort of just trying to see if there's an overlap here. But if you see
能举个例子吗?嗯,比如说你有个朋友,然后发现这个人是个小偷。你看到那个人偷东西,你就跟他彻底结束了。呃,还有,你知道,吸烟和肺癌那个例子就很好,对吧?身边亲近的人,或者任何时候你身边亲近的人去世了,或者你甚至听到有人去世的消息——你听说某个人死了,你做的第一件事是什么?第一件事,假设你跟他们其实没那么熟。当然,如果你跟他们很亲近,那就是另一回事了。但如果你跟他们没那么熟,只是听说你社交圈外围的某个人死了,你会立刻开始试图把自己跟他们区分开来。你会想,哦,这人多大年纪?他们有没有——他们抽烟吗?他们身体有什么毛病吗?我有没有那个毛病,对吧?你马上就开始比较,而你这么做其实是在看这中间有没有重合的地方。但如果你在某件事里看到了真相,如果你心想,'天啊,这个人
便签引用
1:50:23
the truth in something, if if you're like, "Oh my god, this person was the same age as me and they died." And that's starting to happen at my age where I'm starting to hear about, you know, extended circle people just reminds you time is really short. There's a truth there. There's a truth there that you cannot action. There's a truth there that you cannot unsee. Uh, you know, or for example, I think were you into bodybuilding or something back when? I don't know. Like bro lifting stuff of a skinny [ __ ] Yeah.
跟我同龄,他就这么死了。'而这种事在我这个年纪已经开始发生了,我开始听说外围圈子里的人……这就提醒你,时间真的很短。那里面有一个真相。那是一个你没法去行动、没法去改变的真相。那是一个你一旦看见就无法再假装没看见的真相。呃,再比如,我记得你以前是不是练过健美什么的?我不太确定。就是那种瘦子硬撑着举铁的东西,是吧。
便签引用
1:50:49
Right. But there probably was a point where you were uh being really aggro in the gym and you injured yourself many times. Right. And each one of those was an deep understanding of don't go beyond this point, right? There was a truth there. So again, when you when you see these things in such a way that you can't unsee them, that changes your behavior instantly. And I would argue that that introspection to find those truths is actually very useful. Is that a justification for more experimentation, exploration, experience in life, sort of trying to find serendipity because all of these experiences are going to teach you a inescapable lesson.
对。但你肯定有过那么一段时间,在健身房里特别上头,然后把自己弄伤了很多次。对吧。而每一次受伤,都是一次深刻的领悟:别越过这个界限,对吧?那里面有一个真相。所以说,当你以一种再也无法视而不见的方式看到这些东西时,那会立刻改变你的行为。而我会说,为了找到这些真相而做的内省,其实非常有用。这是不是在为更多的尝试、探索、人生阅历辩护?某种意义上是在寻找机缘巧合,因为所有这些经历都会教给你一个无法回避的教训。
便签引用
1:51:29
You're going to do what you're going to do. I mean, your level of exploration, I think, is sort of up to you. But life is always throwing truth back at you. Uh, it's about whether you choose to see it, whether you choose to acknowledge it. Uh, even if it's painful. Truth is often painful, right? If it wasn't, we'd all be seeing truth all the time. Reality is always reflecting truth. That's all it is. Why would you not have accessed it already? Exactly. Uh, you know, all the all the philosophy that's out there, for example, uh, it's almost trit. Like most people they look at philosophy like until they discover it for themselves and because because wisdom is the set of things that that cannot be transmitted.
你该怎么活就会怎么活。我是说,你探索的程度,我觉得取决于你自己。但生活总是在把真相扔回给你。关键在于你是否选择看见它,你是否选择承认它。呃,哪怕它很痛。真相往往是痛的,对吧?如果不痛,我们早就时时刻刻都在看见真相了。现实一直在映照真相。就这么回事。那你为什么还没能触及它呢?正是如此。呃,比如说,世面上所有那些哲学,几乎都是陈词滥调。大多数人看哲学都是这样,直到他们自己亲身发现它为止。因为智慧是那一类无法被传递的东西。
便签引用
1:52:06
If they could be transmitted, you know, we'd read the same five philosophy books and we'd all be done. We'd all be wise. You have to learn it for yourself. It has to be rediscovered for yourself in your own context. You have to have specific experiences that then allow you to generalize and see the truth in those things in such a way that you're not going to unsee them. But each person is going to see them in a different way. I can tell you that Socrates story and it's not going to resonate until there's something that other people desire that you realize you yourself don't want. And the moment that happens, then you'll see the truth in the general statement.
如果它们能被传递,那我们读同样的五本哲学书,就全都搞定了。我们就都有智慧了。你必须自己去学。它必须在你自己的处境里被你重新发现一遍。你得有过特定的经历,然后才能从中归纳、看见那些事情里的真相,看见之后就再也无法视而不见。但每个人看见的方式都不一样。我可以给你讲苏格拉底的那个故事,但它不会打动你,直到有一天你发现别人趋之若鹜的某样东西,你自己其实并不想要。而那一刻一旦到来,你就会看见那句泛泛之言里的真相。
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10教不会的课与真正的理解
1:52:38
I want to just read you a twominute essay that I wrote uh a couple of weeks ago. So, it's called unteachable lessons. Okay. I've been thinking about a special category of lesson, one which you cannot discover without experiencing it firsthand. There is a certain subset of advice that for some reason we all refuse to learn through instruction. These are unteachable lessons. No matter how arduous or costly or effortful it is going to be for us to find out ourselves, we prefer to disregard the mountains of warnings from our elders, songs, literature, historical catastrophes, public scandals, and instead think some version of, "Yeah, that might be true for them, but not for me." We decide to learn the hard lessons the hard way over and over again.
我想给你念一篇我几周前写的、大概两分钟的小文章。标题叫《教不会的课》。好啊。我一直在想一类特别的人生课题:那种你不亲身经历就无法领悟的课题。有那么一部分忠告,出于某种原因,我们所有人都拒绝通过别人的教导去学会。这些就是教不会的课。不管我们要自己摸索出来会有多艰难、多昂贵、多费劲,我们都宁愿无视长辈堆成山的警告、歌曲、文学、历史上的灾难、公开的丑闻,而是心里想着某种版本的:'嗯,那对他们来说也许是真的,但对我不是。'我们一次又一次地决定用最难的方式去学这些难学的课。
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1:53:18
Unfortunately, they all seem to be the big things, too. It's never new insights about how to put up level shelves or charmingly introduce yourself at a cocktail party. Instead, we spend most of our lives learning firsthand the most important lessons that the previous generations already warned us about. Things like money won't make you happy. Fame won't fix your self worth. You don't love that pretty girl. She's just hot and difficult to get. Nothing is as important as you think it is when you're thinking about it. You will regret working too much. Worrying is not improving your performance. All your fears are a waste of time. You should see your parents more. You'll be fine after the breakup and will be grateful that you did it. It's perfectly okay to cut toxic people out of your life. And even reading this list back, I'm rolling my eyes at how [ __ ] trite it is.
不幸的是,这些似乎全都是大事。从来不是关于怎么把置物架装平,或者怎么在鸡尾酒会上迷人地自我介绍的新见解。相反,我们花了一生中大部分时间去亲身领会那些前几代人早就警告过我们的、最重要的道理。比如:钱不会让你快乐。名气修不好你的自我价值感。你并不爱那个漂亮女孩,她只是长得辣、又难追到手。当你在想一件事的时候,没有任何事情有你以为的那么重要。你会后悔工作太多。担忧并不会提升你的表现。你所有的恐惧都是在浪费时间。你应该多去看看父母。分手之后你会没事的,而且你会庆幸自己这么做了。把有毒的人从你生活里剔除出去,完全没问题。就连回头读这份清单,我自己都在翻白眼,觉得它陈腐得要命。
便签引用
1:54:03
These are all basic [ __ ] obvious insights that everybody has heard before. But if they're so basic, why does everyone so reliably fall prey to them throughout our lives? And if they're so obvious, why do people who have recently become famous or wealthy or lost a parent or gone through a breakup start to proclaim these facts with the renewed grandio ceremony of someone who's just gone through religious revelation? It's also a very contentious list of points to say on the internet. If you interview a billionaire who says that all of his money didn't make him happy, or a movie star who said that her fame felt like a prison, the internet will tear them apart for being ungrateful and out of touch. So, not only do we refuse to learn these lessons, we even refuse to hear the message from those warning us about them. And even more than that, I think for every one of these, if I consider a bit deeper, I can recall a time, including right now, where I convinced myself that I am the exception to the
这些全都是每个人都听过的、基本得不能再基本的显而易见的道理。但如果它们这么基本,为什么每个人一辈子都这么可靠地栽在上面?如果它们这么显而易见,为什么那些刚刚出名、刚刚发财、刚刚失去父母、或者刚刚经历分手的人,会开始用一种像是刚经历宗教顿悟般的、重新焕发的隆重仪式感来宣告这些事实?而且这还是一份在网上很容易引战的清单。如果你采访一个亿万富翁,他说他所有的钱都没能让他快乐;或者一个电影明星说她的名气感觉像一座监狱,网上的人会把他们撕成碎片,说他们不知感恩、脱离现实。所以我们不仅拒绝学会这些道理,我们甚至拒绝听那些警告我们的人说的话。而且不止如此,我觉得这里面每一条,如果我再往深一点想,我都能想起某个时刻,包括就在此刻,我说服自己:我是那个例外。我特殊的心理构造、
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1:54:55
rule. That my particular mental makeup or life situation or historical wounds or dreams for the future render me immune to these lessons being applicable. No, no, no. My inner landscape would be solved by skirting around the most well-known wisdom of the ages. No, no, no. I can thread this needle properly. Watch me dance through the minefield and avoid all of the trip wires that everyone else kicks. And then you kick one. And you share a knowing luck, the kind that can only occur between two people who have been hurt in the exact same way. And a voice in the back of your mind will say, "I told you so."
或者人生处境、或者历史创伤、或者对未来的梦想,让我对这些道理免疫。不不不,我的内心困局可以靠绕开这些流传千古的智慧来解决。不不不,我能把这根针穿过去。看我在雷区里翩翩起舞,避开所有别人都踩中的绊索。然后你就踩中了一根。然后你会和别人交换一个心照不宣的眼神,那种只可能发生在两个以完全相同的方式受过伤的人之间的眼神。而你脑海深处会有个声音说:'我早跟你说过。'
便签引用
1:55:31
That's unable. It's a good essay. I I think one of the reasons why these lessons are unteachable is because uh they're too broad. They have to be applied in context. A number of the ones that you laid out contradict each other. Like spend more time with your parents and you know don't work so hard but you know at the same time you do want to be successful, right? I think I think a lot of these lessons come from down on high from as you said like the famous movie star or the billionaire saying oh you don't need to be happy. It's like well okay then give it up [ __ ] right? Uh so in reality I think many of these contradict each other and they it's like if you went to school and you just studied philosophy for four years you would not know how to live life because you wouldn't know which philosophical doctrine to apply in which circumstance.
这就是教不会的。这篇文章不错。我觉得这些课之所以教不会,其中一个原因是它们太笼统了。它们必须放在具体情境里去应用。你列出来的其中一些是互相矛盾的。比如多花时间陪父母、还有别那么拼命工作,但与此同时你又确实想要成功,对吧?我觉得这些道理里有很多是从高处传下来的——就像你说的,那些著名影星或者亿万富翁说,'哦,你不需要快乐。'那好啊,那你把钱都捐了嘛,对吧?呃所以在现实里,我觉得其中很多都是互相矛盾的,就好比你去上学、花四年时间只学哲学,你还是不会知道怎么过日子,因为你不知道在什么情况下该套用哪一套哲学教条。
便签引用
1:56:15
Uh you have to actually live life go through all of the issues to figure out what it is that you want. What's the context in which some of these things apply and some of them don't. Um, yes, you want to visit your parents more often, but you don't want to live with your parents and you don't want to necessarily see them every day or every weekend depending on the parent. You might not get along with one of them. So, I think it is highly contextual. Um, that said, I I I would argue that once you figure it out for yourself, you can kind of carve these variations on these maxims that apply to you and uh then you'll have a specific experience that helps you remember it and actually execute on it. And you can also phrase it in a way where it's not trit anymore.
呃,你必须真正去生活,把所有那些问题都经历一遍,才能搞清楚自己到底想要什么。哪些情境下这些道理适用,哪些情境下不适用。嗯,是的,你想更常去看父母,但你不会想跟父母住在一起,也不一定想每天见到他们、或者每个周末都见,这取决于是什么样的父母。你可能跟其中一位处不来。所以我认为这高度依赖于情境。嗯,话虽如此,我还是会说,一旦你自己想明白了,你就能把这些格言雕琢成适合你自己的变体,然后你会有一段具体的经历帮你记住它、并且真正去践行它。而且你还可以用一种不再陈腐的方式把它表达出来。
便签引用
1:56:55
So like Yeah. So so a lot of my maxims and notes to self are carved in a way that they're modernized. They're saying something true which might be trit if I didn't say it in a new way or in an interesting way that is more relevant to me today. There was a Nobel Prize winner who said something to the effect of uh everything worth saying may have been said before but given that nobody was listening it must be said again. Yeah. It has to be said again has to be recontextualized for the modern age. things do change, technology changes, things culture changes, people change.
所以就像——是的,所以我很多格言和写给自己的笔记,都是用一种现代化的方式雕琢出来的。它们说的是某个真理,而这个真理如果我不用一种新的、或者对今天的我更贴切、更有意思的方式说出来,可能就显得陈腐了。有位诺贝尔奖得主说过大意如下的话:所有值得说的话也许都已经被说过了,但既然当时没人在听,那就必须再说一遍。对。必须再说一遍,必须为这个时代重新赋予语境。事情确实在变,技术在变,文化在变,人也在变。
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1:57:25
on that. I've heard you say uh you talk about the difference between seeming wise and being wise that uh you tried to appear smart as a kid uh by sort of wrote memorization masquerading as insight and wisdom and uh I I certainly feel that you know a lot of the show for me I think has been was and still is a redemption arc from this you know decade of my life where I completely suppressed any intellectual curiosity. It's like, okay, I'll be a professional party boy for 10 years, stand on the front door of a nightclub and give out VIP wristbands and have access to all of the pretty girls or, you know, the cool parties or whatever it might be.
说到这个。我听你讲过,呃,你谈到显得有智慧和真正有智慧之间的区别,说你小时候试图靠死记硬背假装成洞见和智慧来显得聪明。呃,我自己当然也有这种感受。你知道,这个节目对我来说很大程度上曾经是、而且现在仍然是一段救赎弧线,弥补我人生中那十年——那段时间我彻底压抑了任何智识上的好奇心。就像,行吧,我就当十年职业派对男孩,站在夜店门口发VIP手环,能接触到所有漂亮姑娘,或者那些很酷的派对,随便什么。
便签引用
1:58:02
Seems like it worked out. Okay, it did in some ways. I mean, isn't that fun? It's it it was look, it was a good way to spend my 20ies, but to sort of come back above, put your head above water, two degrees, one of which was a masters, and then this like just shut down any of that learn. I mean, I I did that while I was at uni. While I was at uni, I was running the events. So, it's actually a decade and a half. And uh I think there was a big redemption arc within this show. And I I constantly have to kind of wipe the slime off me of this sense that I need to prove myself. And so much of it, this why it really resonates with me. Um when you're memorizing things that indicates that you don't understand them or that sort of yeah, wrote memorization and regurgitation masquerading as wisdom. Um because people use fluency as a proxy for truthfulness and insight. They use the complexity of your language and your communication.
听起来结果还不错嘛。好吧,某些方面确实不错。我是说,那不是挺有意思的吗?那——是这样,听着,那是度过我二十几岁的一个不错的方式,但要说重新浮上水面、把头探出水面——我有两个学位,其中一个是硕士,然后就是这样把那种学习全都关掉了。我是说,我上大学的时候就在干这个。我上大学那会儿就在办活动。所以其实是十五年。呃,我觉得这个节目里有一段很大的救赎弧线。而且我得不断地把身上那层黏液擦掉,那种我必须证明自己的感觉。而这里面有太多东西——这就是为什么它真的很打动我。嗯,当你在背东西的时候,那说明你并不理解它们,或者说那种,对,死记硬背再复述出来,假装成智慧。嗯,因为人们把流利程度当作真实性和洞见的替代指标。他们看你语言和表达的复杂程度。
便签引用
1:58:54
Yeah. There's a lot of jargon out there. I think it's it's it's the mark of a charlatan to explain a simple thing in a complex way. And so when you see people using very complicated language to explain simple things, they're either trying to impress you and offiscate or they don't understand it themselves. Well, there's an allure in that though. You know, this was one of the things I had to do when I went to therapy. It's kind of an interesting I think I've talked about this before. Um, I needed to turn off podcast Chris when I stepped into therapy because most of the time that I spend one-on-one in a deep conversation that's undistracted throughout the week. I trained myself over, you know, when I started doing it 700 episodes now, 900, whatever. Uh, and I I knew what I could do to say to this therapist some, you know, to just sort of veer off a little and create some nice story, put a bow on it, push it across the table, and watch your eyes light up a little bit, like a little grin or a self-deprecating joke or
对。外面有一大堆行话。我觉得把一件简单的事用复杂的方式讲出来,是江湖骗子的标志。所以当你看到有人用非常复杂的语言去解释简单的事情,他们要么是想唬住你、想把水搅浑,要么就是他们自己也没搞懂。不过那里面是有一种诱惑力的。你知道吗,这是我去做心理咨询时必须做的事情之一。我觉得这挺有意思的,我好像以前讲过这个。嗯,我踏进咨询室的时候,需要把'播客版Chris'关掉,因为我一周里大部分一对一、不受干扰的深度对话时间,都是在训练自己,你知道,从我开始做这个到现在七百期了,九百期,随便多少。呃,而且我知道我可以怎么对这个咨询师说话,你知道,就是稍微跑个题、编出一个漂亮的小故事,打上蝴蝶结,推到桌子对面,然后看着你的眼睛亮那么一下,或者一个小小的笑、一个自嘲的玩笑什么的。我心想,你根本不在这儿。
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1:59:47
whatever. I'm like, you're not here. You're you're performing. You're doing this. You're doing the Chris Williamson thing with the sort of jazz hands. So, I have my own version. Okay, tell me. Okay, so you have podcast Chris. I have podcast guest Naval. Precisely. So very often I'll uh think of something. I'll have some what I think is an insight and I want to tweet it or write it down, but in my mind I'm talking about it on a podcast. That's kind of how my mind registers it. And for a while I thought this was a bad thing and I tried to eradicate podcastal and then I just realized that's just how it comes out. So I might as well just be okay with it.
你在表演。你在干这个。你在用那种花哨的手势做'Chris Williamson那一套'。我也有我自己的版本。好,说来听听。好,你有'播客版Chris',我有'播客嘉宾版Naval'。一点没错。所以我经常会,呃,想到什么东西,冒出一个我自认为是洞见的想法,我想把它发推或者写下来,但在我脑子里,我是在一个播客上讲这件事。我的大脑就是这么记录它的。有一阵子我觉得这是件坏事,我试着把'播客版的我'根除掉,后来我就意识到,它就是以这种方式冒出来的。那我不如就接受它。
便签引用
2:00:23
Now do you know the reason I'm on this podcast? No. You know, I haven't done a proper formal interview straight up top whatever 10 20 podcasts in a long time since Rogan maybe. Probably since Rogan. Yep. Yeah, it went out at the top, right? That was a theory. Yeah. Well, it's still at the top. Yeah. Yeah, I know. And and then, you know, I've done some stuff with Tim Tim Ferrris, a good friend, but that's been more co-hosting. I haven't been a guest. Um, and then I did one or two random things where I just stumbled into a thing where I, you know, there was a reason, but it wasn't like this.
那你知道我为什么来上这个播客吗?不知道。你知道,我已经很久没做过那种正正经经、开门见山的正式访谈了,大概有十期二十期播客那么久了,上一次可能还是Rogan那次。大概从 Rogan 那次之后就没再上了吧。对。算是在巅峰的时候收手了,对吧?当时是有这么个说法。是啊。不过你现在还在巅峰呢。对对,我知道。然后呢,我跟 Tim、Tim Ferriss 也做过一些东西,他是我的好朋友,但那更多是联合主持,我不算是嘉宾。嗯,然后我还零零散散做过一两个,就是碰巧撞上了,你知道,是有原因的,但不像这次这样。
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2:00:50
And I reached out to you for this one, right? I have lots of people reaching out to me for podcasts. I do not answer them. I reached out to you. And the reason is a really funny one. It's because when I am playing podcast in the vault in my head, for some reason, you're on the other side. And I don't know why. I literally don't know why. It's not like I've even seen many of your podcasts. I think I've seen some snippets here and there, but for some reason, you were the guy in the podcast in podcast.
这次是我主动联系你的,对吧?有很多人来找我上播客,我都不回他们。但你这边是我主动找的。原因还挺好笑的。因为每当我脑子里想象“上播客”这件事的时候,不知道为什么,坐在对面的人就是你。而我也不知道为什么。我甚至都没看过你多少期节目。我大概看过一些零零碎碎的片段,但不知怎么的,我脑子里那个“播客里的播客”,主持人就是你。
便签引用
2:01:16
And so, I was like, I might as well just do it. So, I reached out to you. I wonder if this will close that loop or further entrench it. I wonder if you've made it way worse now and you're just gonna have Well, first off, it was a dream and now it's reality plus a dream and I can't get away from him. Yeah, there are enough people that I turned down where I said I'm just not doing podcasts. I feel bad about that. I got to go back and do those podcasts. But I probably wear out my luck. I have nothing new to talk about. So, I don't know what I'm going to say.
所以我就想,那干脆上一次算了。于是我就联系你了。我挺好奇这会不会把那个循环闭合掉,还是会让它扎得更深。不知道你会不会现在把它搞得更严重了,以后你就……嗯,首先,那本来是个梦,现在成了现实加上梦,我再也摆脱不了他了。是啊,我推掉的人已经够多了,我跟人家说我就是不上播客了。我为此挺过意不去的。我真得回头把那些播客补上。但我大概已经把运气用光了。我没什么新东西可聊了,所以我也不知道自己今天能说点啥。
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2:01:38
Well, I appreciate you you said on Rogan and this was something, you know, to kind of pay it back to you. Uh, I had a a fiveheaded Mount Rushmore of guests before I started this show and it was Jordan Peterson, Sam Harris, Alanderon from the School of Life, you and Rogan, and that was my uh hydra of Mount Rushmore. And uh I knew I think someone had asked you at some point, maybe it was a tweet or something after Rogan or maybe even said it on Rogan where you said, "Uh, I don't like to say the same thing twice, at least not in the same way."
我很感激,你在 Rogan 那期说过的一些话,这也算是某种回报吧。呃,在我开这档节目之前,我心里有一个“五头拉什莫尔山”式的梦想嘉宾名单:Jordan Peterson、Sam Harris、人生学校(School of Life)的阿兰·德波顿(Alain de Botton)、你,还有 Rogan,那就是我那个九头蛇版的拉什莫尔山。而且我记得,好像有人在某个时候问过你,可能是在 Rogan 那期之后的一条推文,或者你甚至就是在 Rogan 节目上说的,你说:“呃,我不喜欢把同一件事说两遍,至少不用同样的方式说两遍。”
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2:02:10
I don't like sequels. Yeah. Yeah. And I really really respected that. You know, that was 2019. You said it was uh eight or nine years ago. It wasn't as long ago as you. I have a terrible memory. Yeah. Yeah. Um you're right. 2019 right before co Yes. And uh I really appreciated that because there is something the content game you can continue to sort of I'm sure I'll have said many things today that the the audience will have already heard but uh caring enough about having novel insights or at least having a new perspective on similar insights to say oh well you know in the space of six years since you were on Joe a lot of these well I'm coming at them actually the first thing I said to you today like I'm not convinced that I actually fully agree with that thing that I used to say, which is cool, right? That's you showing that the um position that you put in the ground previously is not a tether. It's not you being held to it anymore.
我不喜欢拍续集。对。对。我当时真的特别佩服这一点。那是 2019 年。你刚才说是八九年前,其实没有你说的那么久。我记性特别差。对对。嗯,你说得对,2019 年,正好在疫情前。对。我真的很欣赏这一点,因为在内容这个行当里,你完全可以一直……我相信我今天说的很多东西,观众都已经听过了,但能在意“要有新的洞见”,或者至少对类似的洞见有新的角度,这本身就很难得,比如说哦,你知道,在你上乔(Joe)那期节目之后的这六年里,很多这些观点——其实我是在重新审视它们我今天跟你说的第一件事就是,我不太确定自己是不是还完全同意我以前说过的那些话这挺酷的,对吧?这说明你之前立下的那个立场并不是一根拴绳。你不再被它绑住了。
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2:03:07
Well, I I think the reason why I wanted to be on this is because for some reason I have the impression that you engage in conversations and I like conversations. I don't like interviews. Mhm. This is why I was doing my last startup air chat, which was all about conversations. And conversations to me are more genuine. They're more authentic. There's a give and take. There's a back and forth. There's a genuine curiosity. It's not to say the other podcasters don't do it. They absolutely do do it. But for some reason in my mind, I had you as a guy that I would actually have a conversation with. And sure enough, you just read me your essay, which I don't think anybody else would really do, right? That implies there's a give and take. There's a genuine curiosity. And I think that's useful because then uh certain inexplicit knowledge that I had will be surfaced for myself. And I think that's helpful.
嗯,我想我之所以愿意上这个节目,是因为不知为什么,我有种印象:你是真的在进行对话,而我喜欢对话。我不喜欢访谈。嗯。这也是我上一家创业公司 Air Chat 在做的事,整个就是围绕对话。对我来说,对话更真诚,更真实。有来有往,有互动,有真正的好奇心。倒不是说其他播客主持人不这么做,他们当然也做。但不知为什么,在我心里,我一直把你当成一个我真的能跟他聊起来的人。果然,你刚才把你的文章读给我听,我觉得没几个人会真这么做,对吧?这就意味着有来有往,有真正的好奇心。而我觉得这很有用,因为这样一来,我身上某些说不清道不明的知识就会被我自己意识到。我觉得这很有帮助。
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2:03:53
Well, you're seeing, you know, to kind of break the fourth wall a bit, you're seeing very much of uh some of the gateway drug insights that you had that you just don't get to choose. I'm aware that you kind of have an anti-guru sentiment in you, like a very strong like don't listen to me. I don't know what I'm doing. Is a trap. No, guru is a trap. do not follow me, do not bow to me, do not do any of the other things to me. But, uh, if you see resonance in another person, and I think this is what we're all trying to find. You know, people can complain about the mountains of content creation that happens and and maybe rightly so. Um, but if you're able to find someone and you see in them a little bit of you, maybe not even much of you, but like, oh, that bit of them, their self-esteem or the way they look at relationships or what they want to do, the kind of life they want or the level of peace of mind that they want to have or whatever it might be.
嗯,你现在看到的,稍微打破一下第四面墙来说,你看到的其实是一些入门级的顿悟,那种你根本无法选择的东西。我知道你身上有一种反上师、反导师的倾向,特别强烈的那种:别听我的,我也不知道自己在干嘛。那是个陷阱。不,当上师是个陷阱。别追随我,别对我顶礼膜拜,也别对我做其他那些事。但是,如果你在另一个人身上看到了共鸣——我觉得这正是我们所有人都在寻找的东西。人们可以抱怨如今内容创作堆积如山,也许抱怨得有道理。但如果你能找到某个人,并在他身上看到一点点你自己,甚至不用多,就是那么一点点——比如他们的自尊心,或者他们看待亲密关系的方式,或者他们想做的事、想要的那种生活,或者他们想要达到的那种内心的平静,随便什么。
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2:04:46
If you find in somebody else a little bit of that, it's kind of like what you're saying before, you can't you can no longer be unconvinced of that and it it steps in and becomes a part of you. And uh yeah, you're maybe seeing reflected back to you some you know this sort of percolated very meandering insight from however long ago that something's happened and maybe in you know 5 years time you'll be like you know that thing that you said about the lessons and then I don't know it's cool that's like synthesis right it's this sort of blending of the reason I spend a lot of time in San Francisco is because it's a gravitational attractor for the smartest people in the world and despite all the many problems the city had is mismanaged beyond belief. Um it does just seem to pull in the young smart creative people. Uh not just the ones who are building technology, but they're exploring every facet of life and they're weird and sometimes it's repulsive and it's bizarre, but you talk to these people and you just see a very
如果你在别人身上找到了那么一点点,就有点像你刚才说的,你没办法再对它视而不见了,它会走进来,成为你的一部分。还有,是啊,你现在看到的,可能是从不知多久以前那些慢慢渗透出来、东拐西绕的洞见反射回你身上某些事情发生了,也许再过个五年,你会说:你知道你当年说的那个关于教训的事吗……我也说不好,但这挺酷的,这就是综合,对吧?就是这种融合。我之所以花很多时间待在旧金山,是因为它是全世界最聪明的人的引力中心。尽管这座城市有那么多问题,管理糟糕得难以置信。但它确实就是能吸引来那些年轻、聪明、有创造力的人。不只是搞技术的那批人,他们探索生活的方方面面,他们很怪,有时候让人反感,很离奇,但你跟这些人聊天,就会看到一个非常
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2:05:47
intelligent person coming at life in a completely different way. um putting it through the cominatorics of human DNA which are uncountable and giving you a weird perspective that can twist your mind around. And to do that, you always have to be learning. You you have you can't be in a guru mentality. If I'm with somebody and they're listening to every word I say and hanging on it, that's not interesting for me. I'm not going to learn anything. Um, I want people who are intelligent, who will say something back that is a little different and I may not agree with it, but it's going to leave a mark. It's going to leave an impression and it's going to leave an impression to the extent that both that they are correct and that I choose to listen and I'll choose to listen if I don't view myself as higher status or smarter than them. The flip side of that is I'm not really impressed by high status people like I don't just because the case pretty much in fact uh most of my friends who have gone on to become very
聪明的人以完全不同的方式面对人生。把它放进人类 DNA 的组合排列里去过一遍,那种组合是数不清的,然后给你一个奇特的视角,能把你的脑子拧一圈。而要做到这一点,你必须一直在学习。你不能有一种上师心态。如果我跟某个人在一起,他们对我说的每一个字都洗耳恭听、奉为圭臬,那对我来说毫无意思。我什么也学不到。我想要的是聪明人,他们会回我一些不太一样的东西,我可能并不同意,但它会留下痕迹。它会留下印象。而它能留下印象,取决于两件事:他们说得对,以及我选择去听。而我会选择去听,前提是我不觉得自己地位更高或者比他们更聪明。反过来说,我对高地位的人并不怎么感冒。我不会只是因为……事实上基本上是这样:我大多数后来变得非常有名或非常成功的朋友,他们越有名、
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2:06:44
uh famous or successful the more famous successful they've been the less I spend time with them um partially because they get surrounded by an army of sickop fans which gets hard to break through uh and because I don't want anything from them and I don't and I don't like that I don't like these situations in which transactional relationships are implied that can be a though to people who are up that because the higher that they climb up that hierarchy, the fewer and fewer people don't want anything from them. So in that way you have an even better friend, right? But they get they get surrounded by people who do want things from them and are so good at pretending they don't that it's just not worth my time to try and break out from that group.
越成功,我跟他们相处的时间反而越少。一部分原因是他们身边围了一大群马屁精,很难突破那层包围。另一部分是因为我不想从他们那儿得到任何东西,我不喜欢,我不喜欢那种暗含交易关系的场合。这对爬到那个位置的人来说其实也是一种损失,因为他们在那个阶梯上爬得越高,不图他们什么的人就越来越少。所以从这个角度讲,你反而是更好的朋友,对吧?但他们身边围满了确实有所图、又特别擅长装作无所图的人,以至于我根本不值得花时间去从那群人里突围出来。
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2:07:19
Um so it does get lonely at the top so to speak. But it's also by choice because you know it's you can problem. Yeah, you can be your own best friend too. I am my own best friend actually. So, I really do enjoy spending time with myself. Yeah. The smartest people aren't interested in appearing smart and don't care what you think is. Yeah. I mean, a a lot of life is not giving a [ __ ] You know, a lot of the best things in life come out of that. Does this mean sort of talking about that wrote memorization masquerading as wisdom and insight thing which I think perhaps almost certainly uh podcasts like this will have contributed to. you know, you hear a an Alanderoton who's, you know, like a painter with words. Uh, very simple, very sort of unpretentious, but if you're intellectually curious, you see, you only see the production of his thoughts. You don't necessarily see the work that's gone into the thoughts behind. So, you confuse the presentation of them for the insight. Does that make sense?
所以高处确实会有点孤独,这么说吧。但这也是自己的选择,因为你知道,你可以……是啊,你也可以做自己最好的朋友。我其实就是我自己最好的朋友。所以我真的很享受跟自己独处。对。最聪明的人对显得聪明没兴趣,也不在乎你怎么想。对。我是说,人生很大一部分就是不在乎那些破事。你知道,生活中很多最好的东西都来自于此。这是不是就说到了那个——把死记硬背伪装成智慧和洞见的问题?我觉得这类播客几乎肯定也起了推波助澜的作用。你知道,你听到像阿兰·德波顿这样的人,简直是用文字作画。非常朴素,非常不做作,但如果你有求知欲,你会发现,你只看到了他思想的产出。你未必看得到这些思想背后所付出的功夫。所以你把它们的呈现方式误当成了洞见本身。这么说能懂吗?
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2:08:24
Of course. Yeah. A lot of my stuff is more polished. Like one of the funny things, yeah, one of the funny things that uh right before this uh podcast was I thought maybe I should go back and read my old tweets to sort of remember what I said and I can articulate it well. But then I realized that's just performance. I would just be memorizing my whole stuff to perform. I Well, that's an extra special level of hell that you've descended into. I wrote memorizing me to be more mely. Bingo. And and to live up to some expectation or some uh famous personality that I now have to become some straight jacket that I have to put on. I'm having to live up to in private the things that I prefer.
当然。是的。我的很多东西都是比较打磨过的。有件好笑的事,对,有件好笑的事是,就在这期播客开始前,我想着也许我该回去翻翻我以前发的推文,回忆一下我说过些什么,这样我就能表达得很好。但后来我意识到,那只是表演。我不过是在把自己的东西背下来去表演。我哦,那你可是掉进了一种额外特殊的地狱。我把'记住我'写成了更'我'的样子。没错。而且还要活成某种期待的样子,或者某个我现在不得不成为的知名人设——那简直是一件我必须穿上的紧身衣。我得在私下里去活成那些我'偏好'的东西。
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2:08:58
That's right. So, of course, pretty quickly I saw through that, you know, it's nonsense and it also constrains my time and it's just work and it I think that's that's, you know, your meditation practice at work there, that mindfulness gap to be like, huh? Yeah, there's that thing again in Exactly. Exactly. So, it's not about changing your thoughts. It's not about fixing your thoughts. It's not about changing yourself. It's just about being observant of yourself so that you can then it'll automatically change.
对。所以当然,我很快就看穿了这一点,你知道,这是胡扯,而且它还占用我的时间,那就是工作而已。我觉得这就是你的冥想练习在起作用,那种正念的间隙,让你能'咦?'一下。对,那个东西又来了。完全正确。所以这不是要改变你的想法,不是要修正你的想法,也不是要改变你自己。只是要观察你自己,然后它自然就会改变。
便签引用
2:09:20
Whatever change needs to happen will happen. you trying to change yourself is very circular. Um the mind trying to change the mind, the mind doesn't like wrestling with itself. I don't I don't think it gets you anywhere. You've spent a lot of time either creating wealth or thinking about how to create wealth. What have you learned are the best places to spend wealth? To spend wealth. Yeah. Yeah. How you you spend this time creating this wealth accumulating? How does what are the best ways for you to put it back out?
该发生的改变自然会发生。你试图改变自己,这是个循环。呃,用头脑去改变头脑,头脑不喜欢跟自己较劲。我不觉得那能让你走到哪里去。你花了大量时间要么在创造财富,要么在思考如何创造财富。你学到的花钱最好的地方是哪里?花钱。对。你花了这么多时间创造财富、积累财富,那对你来说,把它投回去的最好方式是什么?
便签引用
2:09:53
I actually think Elon had this one figured out, which is he plowed his own money back into his own businesses to go and do bigger and better things for humanity. Um, so what I would like to, you know, you could give it to nonprofits, but a lot of nonprofits are grifty or it's people who didn't earn it trying to spend it or they don't have tight feedback loops on having a good effect. So, one of the things I want to do as an aside is I want to create a little school for young physicists. But that's that's my nonprofit.
我其实觉得马斯克把这件事想明白了,就是他把自己的钱重新投回自己的生意里,去为人类做更大更好的事。呃,所以我想说的是,你知道,你可以捐给非营利机构,但很多非营利机构挺骗人的,或者是一群没赚过这笔钱的人在试图花这笔钱,或者他们对'是否产生了好的效果'没有紧密的反馈闭环。所以我想做的一件事——顺带一提——是我想办一所小学校,给年轻的物理学家。但那是我的非营利部分。
便签引用
2:10:18
A young physicist. Yeah, that that that's my nonprofit thing. But uh and I've been and I've actually uh underwritten uh media and some physics stuff. I don't like to talk about it. So I don't I don't talk about my whatever so-called philanthropy because I think that makes it less real. That makes it more status oriented. Makes it less philanthropic. Yeah. Exactly. And then people look at how charitable my charity is. And then people also come hunting for money. So there's all that disease. I don't believe in giving to schools. They have enough money. Ivy Leagues have enough money and they don't know how to spend it.
年轻的物理学家。对,那就是我做非营利的方式。不过呃,我其实也资助过一些媒体和一些物理方面的东西。我不喜欢谈这些。所以我不谈我所谓的慈善,因为我觉得那会让它变得不那么真实。那会让它更偏向于追求地位。那会让它变得不那么慈善。对,完全正确。然后大家就会去打量我的慈善到底有多慈善。然后还会有人闻着钱味来找你。所以有一整套这种毛病。我不相信捐钱给学校。他们钱够多了。常春藤学校钱够多了,而且他们也不知道该怎么花。
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2:10:47
So I think the best use of money is I think a good business creates a product for people that they voluntarily buy and they get value out of. So in that sense I think Steve Jobs and Elon and and uh entrepreneurs like that have created a lot of value for the world. So one of the things I can do is I can take my own money and I can invest it in myself to go and build the next great thing that I think needs to exist. And that's basically what I'm doing right now. I'm doing a new business. I'm self-unding it. Um, I'm plying a lot of money into it. I'm going to build something that I think is beautiful, that I want to see exist. Um, I really want to see exist.
所以我认为钱最好的用途是——我觉得一门好生意会为人们创造出他们自愿购买、并且从中获得价值的产品。所以从这个意义上说,我觉得乔布斯、马斯克还有类似的创业者,为这个世界创造了很多价值。所以我能做的一件事,就是拿我自己的钱投资在我自己身上,去做下一件我认为应该存在的伟大事情。这基本上就是我现在在做的事。我在做一份新事业。我自己出资。嗯,我往里投了不少钱。我要做一个我认为很美的东西,一个我想看到它存在的东西。嗯,我真的很想看到它存在。
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2:11:21
Have you spoken about this yet or is it still dark mode? It's so early. It's Yeah, maybe I'll show it to you in a few months. Uh, hopefully 6 months. Um, and uh, I'm excited about it and that's a good use of money. What about the worst places to spend wealth? What is the old line? If it flies, floats or fornicates. Well, very nice way to change the final F. Very impressive. That's the way I heard it. Can't take credit for that. I'm pretty sure it's Fox, but yeah. Yeah. Yeah. I think that was u Maybe it was uh Felix Dennis.
这个你对外讲过吗,还是还在保密阶段?太早期了。是啊,也许过几个月我可以拿给你看。呃,希望六个月吧。嗯,而且我对它很兴奋,这就是花钱的好去处。那花钱最糟糕的去处呢?那句老话怎么说来着?会飞的、会漂的、会风流的。嗯,把最后那个 F 换掉换得很妙。很了不起。我听到的版本就是这样。这可不是我的原创。我挺确定原话是 Fox(狐狸),不过算了。对对。我想那是呃……也许是 Felix Dennis 说的。
便签引用
2:11:52
Okay. Who who had that quote. Yeah. He said, "If a flies floats or fornicates rented I I think the last one was a little too it's wrong that he he didn't have a family, didn't have kids." So, you know, he missed the big one. Um but yeah, there there are lots of bad ways to spend money. Uh I I I believe in investment, you know, I don't believe in consumption. Uh yes, you can you're born with a short housing position. You close that out, you get yourself a nice house. Um get yourself some help to free up your time so you're not doing uh things that other people can do better. Um treat people well. You know, always overpay and expect the best.
好的。是他说的那句话。对。他说:"会飞的、会漂的、会风流的,都该租不该买。"我觉得最后那条有点过了,他没有家庭,没有孩子,这是不对的。所以你知道,他错过了最重要的那一样。嗯,不过确实,花钱的糟糕方式有很多。呃,我我我信奉投资,你知道,我不信奉消费。呃,是的,你可以说人一出生就在住房上持有空头头寸。你把这个头寸平掉,给自己买一套好房子。嗯,给自己请些帮手,把时间腾出来,这样你就不用做那些别人能做得更好的事。嗯,善待他人。你知道,永远多付一点,然后期待最好的结果。
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2:12:27
Uh pay them like they're the best and expect the best. Um, but overall I think a good use of money is to take risks and build things and do things that other people can't do. Align it with your own unique talent so you can keep delivering to the world. I'm not going to sit idle. Uh, I'm not going to retire. That's a that's a waste of whatever time I have left on this earth. Um, and if I'm doing something I enjoy, then I'm already in perpetual retirement. Um, because work is just a set of things you want to do that that that you have to do that you don't want to do. So if you want to do it, it's not work. Um, and so there are things that I want to do don't feel like work. I can put money behind them and I can use that to make instantiate them into reality. And I don't want to say make the world a better place cuz that's too trit, but it's more just create a product that I'm proud of that wouldn't exist otherwise that other people will get tremendous value.
呃,按最优秀的人的标准付钱给他们,并期待最优秀的表现。嗯,但总体来说,我认为花钱的好方式是去冒险、去建造、去做别人做不了的事。把它和你自己独特的天赋对齐,这样你就能持续地向世界交付价值。我不会闲坐着。呃,我不会退休。那是在浪费我在这世上剩下的时间,不管还剩多少。嗯,而且如果我在做自己享受的事,那我其实已经处在永久的退休状态了。嗯,因为所谓工作,就是一堆你必须做、但你并不想做的事。所以如果你想做它,那它就不是工作。嗯,所以有些我想做的事根本不像工作。我可以把钱投到这些事上,用钱把它们变成现实。我不想说什么让世界变得更美好,因为那太老套了,但更多的是去创造一个我引以为豪的产品,一个否则就不会存在、而别人能从中获得巨大价值。
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2:13:18
And it's been enabled through wealth because you're able to take a level of risk that you wouldn't have been able to otherwise. Exactly. Yeah. Wealth gives you freedom. It gives you freedom to explore more options. And in my case, it gives me freedom to start businesses without having to ask other people for permission or to warp my vision based on uh their desires to make a return or how they think money should be made. Is there anything that you'd add to the how to get rich thread? Is there anything where you thought [ __ ] like just one if I could go in and edit and add one more in or or No, there's like 10,000 things. I could talk about that topic forever to be honest. like that that that thread was so short and it was so limited and it was so like you know crafted in a sense although I wrote it very spontaneously um it left so much on the cutting room floor that I could just talk about that topic for days but it's all contextual right business is very very very contextual like you have
而这是财富带来的,因为你能够承担一种原本无法承担的风险否则做不到。没错。是的,财富给你自由。它让你有自由去探索更多选择。就我而言,它给了我自由去创业,而不必去征求别人的许可,也不必因为他们想要回报、或者他们认为该怎么赚钱,而扭曲我自己的愿景。关于那条「如何致富」的推文串,你有什么想补充的吗?有没有哪一条让你觉得「靠」,要是能回去编辑、再加上一条的话……不,那种事有一万件。那个话题我可以永远聊下去说实话。就是那条推文串太短了,太有限了,而且从某种意义上说是精心打磨过的虽然我写得非常随性,但它留下了太多没能放进去的内容,光是那个话题我就能聊上好几天但这些都是有语境的,对吧?商业是非常非常非常讲究语境的,你必须去看具体的那家企业
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2:14:11
to look at the particular business and understand what's being done and why it's being done and how it's being done and then you can tear it apart or you can re and then reassemble it properly um and I like to think that That is actually where I have specific knowledge and expertise. My specific knowledge, expertise is not in happiness, not in philosophy, not Yes, my life is very hacked to be very unique. But I don't think that's where my specific knowledge is. My specific knowledge is in being able to analyze a business, especially a technology business, and take it apart at the seams and predict in advance what is likely to work and what is not likely to work.
理解正在做什么、为什么这么做、以及怎么做的,然后你才能把它拆解开,或者把它重新、然后再正确地组装起来。我倒是觉得,这才是我真正拥有专属知识和专长的地方。我的专属知识、我的专长不在于幸福,不在于哲学,不是的,我的人生确实被我调校得非常独特。但我不认为那是我的独特知识所在。我的独特知识在于能够分析一门生意,尤其是科技类的生意,把它拆解到每一条缝隙,提前预测什么大概率行得通、什么大概率行不通。
便签引用
2:14:45
clubhouse notwithstanding. Um because you're still going to be wrong most of the time. It's like playing the lottery, but you know one or two of the tickets numbers in advance. You only have to be right a few times or even just once to to get the big score. Um you know, Peter Thiel started PayPal, but he made all his money on Facebook, right? And now he's done more since then, obviously. But that was the big winner. And that's true in any power law distribution. Number one is going to return more than two through n put together. Two will return more than three through put together. you're operating in a highly leveraged intellectual domain. So the outcomes are going to be nonlinear. Um so I I know a lot about that topic, but it's highly contextual. It makes a lot more sense if there's a specific business in front of me, a specific entrepreneur, and I can take that apart and I can say, you know, so there are certain companies where I'll say, "Oh, this is not going to work because you, the entrepreneur, are doing
Clubhouse 那次除外。呃,因为你大多数时候还是会判断错。这就像买彩票,但你事先知道其中一两个号码。你只需要对那么几次,甚至只要对一次,就能拿到大奖。呃,你知道,Peter Thiel 创办了 PayPal,但他真正赚到大钱是靠 Facebook,对吧?当然,从那之后他又做了更多事。但那才是最大的赢家。这在任何幂律分布里都成立。第一名的回报会超过第二名到第 n 名加起来的总和。第二名的回报会超过第三名往后加起来的总和。你是在一个高度杠杆化的智力领域里做事。所以结果必然是非线性的。呃,所以这个话题我懂得不少,但它高度依赖具体情境。如果有一门具体的生意摆在我面前,会更讲得清楚,一个具体的创业者,我可以把它拆开,然后我能说,你知道,所以有些公司我会说:“哦,这个成不了,因为你,这位创业者,做这件事的
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2:15:35
this for the wrong reasons. You're you're doing A so you can get to B. Just go to B." Or, "You're doing this to make money." when really the person who's doing this because they love the product is going to beat you or you're raising money from the wrong people who are in it for the wrong reasons or your co-founder is not in it for the right reasons or you don't have the right kind of co-founder or your vesting schedule is wrong or you're starting the business in the wrong place or you're approaching it from this angle instead of that angle and and of course I'll be wrong too but I've just seen a lot of data I have my theories around it uh and that's where I feel very comfortable operating the problem is when I have to talk about how to create wealth and how to get rich is a clickbait title deliberately. But when I talk about how to create wealth, talking about it in the abstract is very difficult because then you just want to speak truth. You have to just say the timeless stuff. You have to be right in
动机不对。你做 A 是为了能拿到 B。那你直接去做 B 就好了。”或者,“你做这个是为了赚钱。”可真正因为热爱这个产品而做的人,会把你打败;又或者你在向错误的人融资,他们进来的动机不对;或者你的联合创始人动机不对;或者你没有合适的联合创始人的问题,或者你的股权兑现安排不对,或者你在错误的地方创业,或者你是从这个角度而不是那个角度切入的——当然我也会有判断错的时候,但我见过大量的案例数据,我有自己的一套理论,这是我觉得operating起来非常自在的地方。问题在于,当我必须去谈如何创造财富时——"如何变富"这种标题是故意做成标题党的。但当我谈如何创造财富时,抽象地去谈是非常困难的,因为那样你就只能讲真理,你只能说那些永恒不变的东西。你必须在几乎所有情境下都成立,所以这真的很限制你能说的内容。
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2:16:25
almost every context and so it really limits what you can say. The lack of specificity makes it Yeah. Correct. It's back to philosophy. But when I if I can get specific about it, you know, that's when that's when the real knowledge could be like a counselor for people. Yeah. part of the reason why I started doing podcasts and you know this is ego at play so I'll admit it freely when I was tweeting you know I kind of pioneered philosophy Twitter if you will or a certain kind of practical philosophy Twitter where in 140 characters I would try to say something true in an interesting way that was insightful to me at the time but then that got copied there's thousands of us now right thousands of people spitting it out chat GPT trying to create these things all day long um although I like to say I like to think that my stuff is incompressible I'm saying it in the tightest way possible.
缺乏具体性导致——是的。没错。这又回到哲学了。但如果我能把它讲得具体,你知道,那时候真正的知识才可能像一个顾问一样帮到别人。是的。我开始做播客的部分原因——而且这里面有自我在作祟,我坦白承认——当我在发推的时候,你知道,我某种程度上开创了"哲学推特",或者说某种实用哲学推特,就是在140个字符里,我试图用一种有趣的方式说出某种真实的东西,那在当时对我是有洞见的,但后来这个被大量模仿了,现在有成千上万人在做,对吧,成千上万人在往外倒这类东西,用ChatGPT整天生成这些内容。嗯,不过我喜欢说——我愿意认为我的东西是不可压缩的,我是用最紧凑的方式表达的。
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2:17:10
Um, which is kind of a little failed poetry background. Um, but what I realized was if you truly have a deep understanding of something, then you can talk about it all day long. Then you can rederive everything you need from that understanding. No memorization required. You can get to it from first principles and every piece of what you know is is like a it's like a Lego block that just fits in and forms a steel frame. It's solid. It's locked in there. And so on a podcast, I can unload much more deeply about some of these topics. Um, so for example, we can talk about any business you like, but it has to be in context.
嗯,这大概跟我那点失败的诗歌背景有关。嗯,但我意识到的是,如果你真的对某件事有深刻的理解,那你就可以整天谈论它。你可以从那个理解出发,重新推导出你需要的一切,不需要任何记忆。你可以从第一性原理推到那里,而你知道的每一块知识都像是一块乐高积木,正好嵌进去,形成一个钢架结构。它是坚固的,牢牢锁在那里。所以在播客上,我可以更深入地展开这些话题。嗯,比如说,我们可以聊任何你想聊的生意,但它必须有具体情境。
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2:17:44
It has to be real. It has to be an actual problem. Then we can solve it. I I just really love that heristic of if you're having to memorize something, it's because you don't understand it. You don't understand it. That's right. If you if you if you have to memorize something, it's because you don't understand it. And if you understand something, you don't have to memorize it. Yeah. I again, you know, just to sort of call out a lot of what I tried to do this redemption arc thing of if I sound smart, that's like being smart, right?
它必须是真实的,必须是一个实际存在的问题。那样我们才能解决它。我特别喜欢那个思维方式:如果你不得不去背诵某样东西,那是因为你并不理解它。你并不理解它。没错。如果你必须去背诵某样东西,那是因为你不理解它。而如果你理解了某样东西,你就不需要去背它。是的。我再说一次,你知道,就是想点出我一直试图做的这种"自我修正"的事情:如果我听起来很聪明,那就等于真的聪明吗,对吧?
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2:18:15
You go, well, chat GPT has memorized the entire internet. Good luck competing with that. You're not going to beat it in memorization. You're not even going to beat a library at memorization. You're not going to beat any 10 books in memorization. So memorization is not the thing. Understand the value of memorization is going down by the day. It's already so low. Understanding is a thing. Being able to being able Judgment is the thing. Taste is a thing. Um, and understanding, judgment, taste, these come out of having real problems and then solving them and then finding the commonalities. What is philosophy?
你会想,ChatGPT已经把整个互联网都背下来了,祝你好运跟它比记忆。你在记忆上赢不了它。你甚至连一座图书馆都比不过。你连随便十本书的记忆量都比不过。所以记忆不是关键。要明白,记忆的价值正在一天天下降。它已经低得不能再低了。理解才是关键。判断力才是关键。品味才是关键。嗯,而理解、判断力、品味,这些都来自于面对真实的问题、解决它们,然后找出其中的共性。什么是哲学?
便签引用
2:18:47
Everyone, you live long enough, you'll be a philosopher. Philosophy is just when you find the hidden generalizable truths among the specific experiences that you've had in life and then you know how to navigate future specific experiences based on some heristics and you create a philosophy around that. Any subject pursued deeply enough will eventually lead to philosophy. Mastery in anything, literally anything, will lead you to being a philosopher. You just have to stick with it long enough and generalize the truths back out. And these are universal truths. It's back to the unity and variety. You can find you can find unity in anything if you go deep enough.
每个人只要活得够久,都会成为哲学家。哲学不过就是:你在自己经历过的具体人生经验中,找到了隐藏的、可推广的真理,然后你就知道该如何依据某些启发式原则去应对未来的具体经历,你围绕这些形成了一套哲学。任何一个学科钻研得足够深,最终都会通向哲学。在任何领域达到精通,字面意义上的任何领域,都会让你成为一个哲学家。你只需要坚持得足够久,然后把其中的真理再抽象出来。而这些是普世的真理。这又回到"多样中的统一"。你可以在任何事物中找到统一性,只要你钻得足够深。
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2:19:19
And that's why the trit stuff unfortunately sort of keeps coming back around. You're like, well, look, this is cliche for kind of a reason. It's cliche for reasons. Uh but, you know, sometimes you learn new things. Sometimes you do figure out new things too. Uh even even in philosophy for example science has advanced as science has advanced it's actually expanded our boundaries of philosophy. Um when we used to think that uh you know the earth was the center of the universe you would actually have a different philosophical outlook than when you think the universe is vast and we're infantestimally small.
这也是为什么那些陈词滥调的东西不幸地总是绕回来。你会想,好吧,它成为陈词滥调是有原因的。它成为老生常谈是有理由的。呃不过,你知道,有时候你确实会学到新东西。有时候你也确实会发现新的东西。呃,甚至在哲学里也是,比如说科学在进步,随着科学的进步,它实际上拓展了我们哲学的边界。嗯,当我们过去认为,你知道,地球是宇宙的中心时,你的哲学观会和你认为宇宙浩瀚无边、我们渺小如尘埃时完全不同。
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2:19:53
It will give you a different philosophical outlook. uh the same way if you think that uh the nature is driven by angels and demons and gods versus if there are laws of physics that are computable and understandable that will lead you to a different philosophical outlook. Uh if you think that knowledge is something that is passed down from above and through generations versus something that is created on the fly and then tested against reality that will lead you to a different philosophical outlook. If you think humans are created by God as opposed to humans evolved from some, you know, unicellular organism, yeah, it still doesn't solve the original problem. Who created that? But at least it takes you further down the down the road.
这会带给你不同的哲学观。呃,同样地,如果你认为自然是由天使、恶魔和神灵驱动的,对比于存在可计算、可理解的物理定律,这会导向不同的哲学观。呃,如果你认为知识是自上而下、代代相传下来的东西,对比于知识是即时创造出来、然后拿到现实中去检验的东西,这也会导向不同的哲学观。如果你认为人类是上帝创造的,而不是人类从某种,你知道,单细胞生物进化而来的,是的,这仍然没有解决最初的问题:那又是谁创造的?但至少它把你带得更远了一些。
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2:20:32
Even sim theory is an attempt at reformulating philosophy based on what we know about computers, even though it kind of leads to a lot of the same conclusions as you know creator. But it it it is at least philosophy that is informed by technology and by science. So philosophy can also invol evolve moral philosophy evolves right uh there was a time when every culture practically that was a conquering culture practice slavery now almost all cultures abort slavery that's moral philosophy having evolved um you know there was even like this sounds too ludicrous to be true and I don't know if it fully is true but there were a a fairly large group of doctors based on studies who believed until the 1980s that babies couldn't feel pain and so even to this day I think circumcision is done without anesthesia and because under the theory that you know very young children babies don't feel pain and that's ludicrous and there was a study that came out in the 80s that said no no no they do feel pain it's like oh
甚至模拟理论也是一种尝试,基于我们对计算机的认识来重新表述哲学,尽管它某种程度上导向了跟"造物主"差不多的结论。但它至少是一种被技术和科学所启发的哲学。所以哲学也是可以演进的,道德哲学也在演进,对吧。呃,曾经有一个时期,几乎每一个征服型的文化都实行奴隶制,而现在几乎所有文化都废除了奴隶制,这就是道德哲学的演进。嗯,你知道,甚至还有——这听起来荒谬到不像真的,我也不知道是不是完全属实——但曾经有相当一大批医生,基于当时的研究,一直到1980年代都相信婴儿感觉不到疼痛,所以即便到今天,我想割包皮手术还是不打麻药做的,因为按照那套理论,你知道的,非常小的孩子、婴儿是感觉不到疼的,这太荒唐了,而80年代出了一项研究说不不不,它们确实会感到疼痛,就像是,哦对,当然了。所以人可能长时间困在糟糕的哲学陷阱里
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11尺度错位、AI 与生育率的观念更新
2:21:24
yeah of course right so people can be stuck in bad philosophical traps for a long period of time so even philosophy can make progress and uh as an example one of the realizations that I had and this is thanks to uh David Deutsch and my friend James Pierce and also thinking it through a little bit is that there are these timeless old questions that we run into where the answers seem like paradoxes. So we stop thinking about them. So an example is free will. Do you have free will? Or does anything matter?
所以连哲学也能取得进展。举个例子,我有过一个领悟,这要感谢大卫·多伊奇(David Deutsch)和我的朋友James Pierce,也因为我自己稍微想通了一些。那就是,有一些亘古不变的老问题,我们会碰到它们,而答案看起来像是悖论。于是我们就不再去想了。比如说自由意志。你有自由意志吗?或者说,任何事情有意义吗?
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2:21:52
Is there a meaning to life? And there and and we get stuck in them because for example, is there a meaning to life? Like yes, life has a meaning because you're you're right here. You create your own meaning. This this moment has all the meaning you could imagine. It's all the meaning there is. On the other hand, you're going to die. It all goes to zero. Heat. Death. The universe has no meaning. Right? So which one is it? Well, the reason why it seems paradoxical is because you're asking the question of a human here and now at a certain scale and a certain time and then you're answering it from the viewpoint of the universe over infinite time. So, you pull the trick. You switch the level at which you're answering the question. And questions should be answered at the level at which they're asked. So, if you ask the question, is there meaning? You, Chris, are asking that question. Yes.
人生有意义吗?我们卡在这些问题里,比如说,人生有意义吗?答案是有的,人生是有意义的,因为你就在这儿。你创造你自己的意义。此时此刻就包含了你能想象到的全部意义。这就是意义的全部。但另一方面,你终将会死。一切都归零。热寂。宇宙没有意义。对吧?那到底是哪一个?其实,它之所以看起来像悖论,是因为你提问时问的是一个此时此地、在某个尺度和某个时间里的人,然后你却从宇宙在无限时间里的视角去回答。所以你偷换了概念。你切换了回答问题的层次。而问题应该在它被提出的那个层次上作答。所以,如果你问,有意义吗?是你,克里斯,在问这个问题。是的。
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2:22:37
Yes. To Chris, there is meaning. There's meaning right here. This is the meaning. you can interpret any meaning you want onto it. Um, don't ask the question as Chris and then answer it as God or as the universe. That's the trick that you're playing. That's why it seems paradoxical. The same way you can say, do I have free will? People debate free will all day long. This the question is answered at the wrong frame. So they ask the question is do I as an individual have free will? Hell yeah, I have free will. My mind body system can't predict what I'm going to do next. The universe is infinitely complex. I'm making a choice in my mind and I'm doing something. There's my free will. So answer at the level at which you were asked. Of course I have free will because I feel like I have free will and I treat you like you have free will and you treat me like I have free will. We have free will. The problem then is you start trying to answer the question as if you're the universe. You're like well
对。对克里斯来说,是有意义的。意义就在此时此地。这就是意义。你可以把任何你想要的意义赋予它。嗯,别以克里斯的身份提问,然后又以上帝或宇宙的身份去回答。这就是你在玩的把戏。这就是它看起来像悖论的原因。同样地,你可以说,我有自由意志吗?人们可以整天争论自由意志。这个问题被放在了错误的层面上回答。所以他们问这个问题是:我作为一个个体,有自由意志吗?当然有,我有自由意志。我的身心系统无法预测我下一步会做什么。宇宙是无限复杂的。我在脑子里做出选择,然后我去做某件事。这就是我的自由意志。所以在别人提问的那个层面上作答。我当然有自由意志,因为我感觉自己有自由意志,而且我把你当作有自由意志的人来对待,你也把我当作有自由意志的人来对待。我们有自由意志。问题在于,你开始试着以宇宙的视角来回答这个问题。你会说,在宇宙尺度上,大爆炸、粒子
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2:23:21
on the universal scale big bang particle collisions. No one makes any choices. You know how could you be any different than the what the universe wants you to be and it's all one block universe. So you don't have free will. Don't answer the question at the level at which it wasn't asked. So if God asked the question is there free will? No there is no free will. the universe asks a question, there is no free will. But if an individual asks a question right now, then yes, there is free will. So a lot of these paradoxes resolve themselves, philosophical paradoxes that people have been struggling with since the beginning of time when you just realize there you're you're answering them at a scale and time different than they were asked.
碰撞。没有人做出任何选择。你怎么可能变成宇宙想让你成为的样子之外的东西呢?这一切都是一个块状宇宙(block universe)。所以你没有自由意志。不要在问题没有被提出的层面上去回答它。所以如果上帝来问:有自由意志吗?没有,没有自由意志。宇宙来问这个问题,那就没有自由意志。但如果此刻是一个个体在问这个问题,那么有,自由意志是存在的。所以很多这类悖论都会自行化解,那些人们从远古以来就苦苦纠结的哲学悖论,只要你意识到,你是在用一个不同于提问时的尺度和时间去回答它们。
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2:23:54
Speaking of updating beliefs, is there anything that you've changed your mind around recently? Very recently. I mean, all the time. Uh, but are you talking about like philosophical existential things or like technological things? Yeah, philosophical existential things or anything that comes to mind. If there's anything that's front of mind where you go, ah, yeah, that's a pretty big OS update. Yeah, I'm less lazy fair than I used to be on a societal level. I think that culture and religion are good cooperating systems for humans. And so if you want to operate in a high trust society, you need to have sets of rules that people need to follow and obey so they get along even if they're, you know, one sizefits-all doesn't work for everybody.
说到更新观念,最近有什么事情让你改变了想法吗?就在最近。我是说,一直都有。呃,不过你说的是哲学、存在层面的东西,还是技术层面的东西?是的,哲学存在层面的,或者任何你想到的。如果有什么特别突出的,让你觉得啊,对,这算是一次挺大的系统升级。嗯,在社会层面上,我没以前那么自由放任了。我觉得文化和宗教对人类来说是很好的协作系统。所以如果你想在一个高信任度的社会里运作,你就需要有一套规则让人们去遵守、去服从,这样大家才能相处,即便这些规则,你懂的,一刀切并不适合所有人。
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2:24:27
Moved up a little bit from libertarian. Yeah. I think pure libertarians get out competed and die, right? They get overrun because they're every man for himself. They can't coordinate. They can't coordinate. Exactly. Right. Um so the coordination problems, right? Culture exists to solve fundamental coordination problems. Religion solves coordination problems. Ethnicity solves coordination problems historically. Um and when you uh break down those coordination systems too fast and don't replace them with anything else, you get societal breakdown. So you can have very malfunctioning societies. you know, go to Japan versus go to any western city and you can see the difference being a a culture that's working and a culture that's not.
从自由意志主义往上挪了一点。是的。我觉得纯粹的自由意志主义者会在竞争中落败然后消亡,对吧?他们会被碾压,因为他们是各人自扫门前雪。各顾各的。他们没法协调。他们没法协调。没错,对吧。嗯,所以问题在于协调,对吧?文化的存在就是为了解决根本性的协调问题。宗教解决协调问题。从历史上看,族群也解决协调问题。嗯,而当你把这些协调系统拆得太快,又没有用别的东西去替代,你就会得到社会的崩坏。所以社会是可能严重失灵的。你知道,去日本看看,再去任何一个西方城市看看,你就能看出一个运转良好的文化和一个失灵的文化之间的区别。
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2:25:05
Um, so I I think that that's like a a broader set of things that I've changed my mind on uh a fair bit. I used to be much more lazy fair on that stuff, let's put it that way. Mhm. Um, what else? I mean, on child raising, I've gotten a lot looser. You know, I'm still not like completely less afair, but I'm much more realized like kids are going to be kids and you kind of let them do their thing. The debate with them. Is it a Talib that has the ascending levels of like anarchism versus conservatism? Is that his insight? Like at the local level, I'm this. It seems like you've gone the other way. It's like at the child level I'm an anarchist and at the societal level I'm a conservative. No, he he was quoting somebody else, some brothers, I forget which ones, but he was making the point eloquently as he often does. Uh that uh at you know at at at the family local level he's a communist. At the family level you're communist. uh at maybe the the extended family level you're a socialist at the local level, you know,
嗯,所以我觉得这算是我改变了不少想法的一大类东西。我以前在这些事情上要自由放任得多,这么说吧。嗯。嗯,还有什么呢?我是说,在养孩子上,我松弛了很多。你知道,我还没到完全放任的地步,但我更能意识到,小孩就是小孩,你多少得让他们做自己的事。跟他们争论。是不是塔勒布提出过那种从无政府主义到保守主义的层级递进?那是他的洞见吗?就像在本地层面我是这样。感觉你好像是反过来的。就是在孩子的层面我是无政府主义者,在社会层面我是保守主义者。不,他他是在引用别人的话,某某兄弟,我忘了是哪一对,但他像往常一样把这个观点讲得很漂亮。呃,就是说在,你知道,在家庭这个最小层面上,他是共产主义者。在家庭层面你是共产主义者。呃在大家庭层面,你也许是社会主义者,在本地层面,你懂的,你算是个呃民主党人,如此类推,直到在联邦层面你是
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2:26:01
you're kind of a uh a democrat and so on until at the federal level you're a libertarian, right? So, you've done it the other way. You're being a libertarian with the kids and you're being a religious conservative and societal. No, that's that's that's a that's a funny way of looking at it. I I don't know if the scale is that that simple. Um what else have I changed my mind on? I mean, I think a modern AI is really cool. I think it's but I think these are natural language computers. Um they're starting to show evidence of kind of uh reasoning at some levels but I don't think they do creativity. I think modern AI one of so just on that one of my favorite takes is from Dwash Patel and he says um uh if you gave any human on the planet 0.0 0 0 0.1% of the consumption that a LLM has. Any LLM, they would have come up with thousands of new ideas, right?
自由意志主义者,对吧?所以,你是反过来做的。你对孩子是自由意志主义者,而在社会层面你是个宗教保守主义者。不,那那是个挺有意思的看法。我不知道这个尺度是不是那么简单。嗯,我还在什么事上改变过想法呢?我是说,我觉得现代 AI 真的很酷。我觉得它,但我认为这些是自然语言计算机。嗯它们开始在某些层面上展现出某种呃推理的迹象,但我不认为它们具备创造力。我觉得现代 AI,关于这一点我最喜欢的一个说法来自 Dwarkesh Patel,他说嗯呃如果你给地球上任何一个人相当于一个 LLM 所消耗内容的 0.0000.1%,任何一个 LLM,他们都能想出成千上万个新点子,对吧?
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2:26:54
Give me one new idea, one fundamental new idea that's been generated. Yeah. Like I'm big into poetry. Every poem ever written by an LLM is garbage. I think even their fiction writing is terrible. Even the new GPT45, with all due respect to Sam and Crew, uh I I think they're terrible, terrible writers. I find them really bad at summarizing. They're really good at extrapolating, you know, paperwork. um they're very bad at actually distilling the essence of something and what's important. They don't have an opinions or a point of view. But they're still unbelievably powerful breakthroughs.
给我一个新点子,一个由它们产生的根本性的新想法。是的。比如我很喜欢诗歌。LLM 写过的每一首诗都是垃圾。我觉得它们连写小说都很糟糕。就算是新的 GPT-4.5,恕我对 Sam 和他的团队直言,呃我觉得它们是糟糕透顶的写作者。我发现它们很不擅长做总结。它们很擅长扩写,你知道,那些公文材料。嗯它们非常不擅长真正提炼一件事的精髓和重点。它们没有观点,也没有立场。但它们仍然是不可思议的强大突破。
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2:27:22
They solve search. They solve natural language computing. They make English a programming language. They solve driving. They solve uh simple coding and backup coding. They solve translation. They solve transcription. Um they are a fundamental breakthrough in computing. It is a different way to program a computer. rather than you explicitly speak its language and write the code and then run the data through it. You just run enough data through it until it figures out how to write the program. That's huge. Um but are they are they AGI? Not yet. And I don't see a direct path from here to there. Um maybe we'll have to solve a few more problems before that happens. And I think ASI is a fantasy. I don't think there's any such thing as uh artificial super intelligence where it has some kind of intelligence that humans can't fathom.
它们解决了搜索。它们解决了自然语言计算。它们让英语变成了一种编程语言。它们解决了驾驶。它们解决了呃简单的编码和辅助性编码。它们解决了翻译。它们解决了转录。嗯它们是计算领域一次根本性的突破。这是一种给计算机编程的全新方式。不再是你明确地说它的语言、写出代码,然后把数据跑过去。你只是往里灌足够多的数据,直到它自己弄明白怎么写出那个程序。这太了不起了。嗯但它们是 AGI 吗?还不是。而且我看不到一条从这里直接通往那里的路。嗯也许我们还得先解决几个问题才行。而且我觉得 ASI 是个幻想。我不认为存在所谓的人工超级智能,拥有某种人类无法理解的智能。
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2:28:05
Okay. Uh yeah, it seems like I don't know if you're from the boss room camp or whatever in No, I'm not an AI doomer. I think that's such a flawed line of reasoning. But let's say that you know you came out of the less wrong.com like slate style codec world and there was this sort of lineage from computers and AI gets more powerful more powerful more powerful and then you end up AGI ASIS and it seems like LLMs have been this sort of orthogonal move from that which are you saying you don't believe they are a step on that it's kind of a little bit of a traditional branch I think Steven Wolf puts it better it's a different form of intelligence it's like if you see Jaguar in the jungle, it has a different form of intelligence in your like a plant has a form of intelligence how it can like photosynthesize and grow. It's a different form of intelligence. It's not and intelligence again like love or like happiness is this overloaded word that means many things to many people.
好的。呃是的,看起来我不知道你是不是属于那个末日论阵营之类的,不,我不是 AI 末日论者。我觉得那是一条非常有缺陷的推理路线。但比方说,你知道,你是从 LessWrong.com 那种 Slate StarCodex 的圈子里出来的,那里有一条脉络,从计算机开始,AI 越来越强、越来越强、越来越强,然后你就得到 AGI、ASI。而看起来 LLM 是从那条路线上岔开的一步,你是说你不认为它们是那条路上的一环,它算是一个有点传统意义上的分支?我觉得 Stephen Wolfram 说得更好,它是一种不同形式的智能,就像你在丛林里看到一只美洲豹,它有一种不同形式的智能,就像植物也有一种形式的智能,它能进行光合作用、能生长。那是另一种形式的智能。它不是,而且智能这个词就跟爱或者幸福一样,是个被赋予太多含义的词,对不同的人意味着不同的东西。
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2:28:58
But by my definition where you know the true test is you get what you want out of life. It doesn't even have a life. It doesn't even want anything. It's a different thing. Um I do think it's unbelievably useful. I'm glad that it exists. You don't see it much yet in large scale production systems replacing humans because this tendency to hallucinate. So you can't put it into anything mission critical confidently wrong one time out of 10. Correct. And it doesn't even know when it's wrong. Uh and maybe they'll get that one out of 10 down to one out of 100. But you'll kind of always want human oversight for critical critical things.
但按我的定义,你知道,真正的检验标准是你能从生活中得到你想要的东西。它甚至都没有生活。它它甚至什么都不想要。那是完全不同的东西。嗯,我确实觉得它有用得不可思议。我很高兴有它存在。但你现在还很少看到大规模生产系统里用它来取代人,因为它有这种幻觉的倾向。所以你不敢把它放进任何关键任务系统里——十次里有一次它会非常自信地给出错误答案。没错。而且它根本不知道自己错了。呃,也许他们能把十分之一降到百分之一。但对于真正关键的事情,你多多少少总还是会想要人来监督。
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2:29:29
I I always feel so bitter. It's I'm petty sometimes. My my less economist version of me is petty and I always want to like teach it a lesson if it gets something wrong. like how the [ __ ] like no you were so confident I'm treating it but I'm anthropomorizing anthropology it doesn't have a point of view and they are going to get a lot better and they might get to the point where the error rates are so low that you can put them into certain bounded problems like self-driving I think will be solved completely uh because it's a bounded problem cars don't you know go like off-road and drive through houses and stuff like that right so because and and same way like certain kinds of coding the creative side of coding I think doesn't go away I think if anything programmers get even more leverage and more powerful And rather than computing replacing programmers, programmers use AI to replace everybody else.
我总是觉得特别不爽。我有时候挺小心眼的。我身上那个不那么经济学家的部分很小心眼,我总是想在它答错的时候教训它一顿。就像,搞什么啊,你刚才那么自信,我还把它当可是我这是在拟人化——人类学化——它其实没有观点。而且它们会变得好很多,它们可能会好到错误率低到你可以把它们放进某些有边界的问题里,比如自动驾驶,我觉得会被彻底解决,呃,因为那是个有边界的问题,车不会,你懂的,开到越野去、撞穿房子之类的,对吧。同样地,某些类型的编程,我觉得编程里创造性的那一面不会消失。我反倒觉得程序员会拿到更大的杠杆、变得更强。与其说是计算机取代程序员,不如说是程序员用 AI 去取代其他所有人。
便签引用
2:30:14
On Tesla versus Whimo, would you bet on software or hardware for self-driving? Yeah. So the I think Tesla's in the stronger, longer term position, but it's hard to argue with what's working right now. And Whimo is working right now. So I would not underestimate them because there's a learning curve that you go through when you actually deploy something. And Whimo is way ahead in that regard. But Tesla's camera only approach if it works uh is a superior. It's much more scalable and Tesla knows how to print cars, right? They can just mass manufacture cars. But I think I think they'll both be around. They'll both be fine. It's everybody else who doesn't have a self-driving vehicle that's screwed.
特斯拉对 Waymo,自动驾驶你押软件还是硬件?嗯。我觉得特斯拉的长期位置更强,但你很难跟眼下真正跑得通的东西争。而 Waymo 现在就跑通了。所以我不会低估他们,因为真正把东西部署出去,是有一条学习曲线要走的。Waymo 在这方面领先很多。但特斯拉纯摄像头的路线,如果走得通,呃,是更优的。它的可扩展性强得多,而且特斯拉知道怎么“印”车,对吧?他们可以大规模量产。不过我觉得这两家都会活下来,都会过得不错。真正惨的是其他所有没有自动驾驶车的人。
便签引用
2:30:50
You mentioned uh kids there and you had a tweet that said, "I'm not convinced that declining fertility needs to be proactively fought." I forgot that one. You're going to have to I'm I dug deep. Um why? Well, I mean, think back like what was it 30 years ago, 20 years ago? Everybody was saying overpopulation of the earth is going to be a problem. Malthusian ending, we're going to have too many people. And now all of a sudden we're going to have too few people. So part of it is just the doomerism meme is always alive and well, right? Or it just gets repackaged.
你刚提到孩子,你发过一条推说:“我不认为生育率下降需要被主动去对抗。”这条我都忘了。你得说说——我,我可是挖得很深。呃,为什么?嗯,我是说,回想一下,是多久来着,三十年前、二十年前?所有人都在说地球人口过剩会是个大问题。马尔萨斯式的结局,人会太多。结果突然之间,我们又要人太少了。所以这里面有一部分只是末日论这个梗永远活得好好的,对吧?或者说它只是换了个包装。
便签引用
2:31:17
Yeah. We're running out of oil. We have too much oil, right? You know, it's like the world is cooling, the world is warming. Like there's always something to scream about. The world is ending. Uh there's no progress in technology. AI is going to blow up the world, right? So people tend to overdo in both directions. Now, what is the actual fertility problem, right? Well, people are having less kids. Are they having less kids because there's a disease? Was there a virus? Did they lose their fertility? The microplastics in the testicles, right? No, it's people are having less kids because they're choosing to have less kids, right? Women have gotten emancipation, independence in the workforce, and they're making more money. Um, people don't need kids as insurance policies. They have less kids. Maybe they're living hedonistic lives. God bless them, right? They want to have more fun. They want to have less kids. I don't see the act of choosing to have less kids as a problem. Okay, so let's move one level up. Uh it's because
对。我们的石油要用完了,我们石油太多了,对吧?你知道的,就像地球在变冷,地球在变暖。总有什么东西可以拿来大呼小叫。世界要完了。呃,技术不再进步了。AI要把世界炸了,对吧?所以人往往在两个方向上都做过头。那么真正的生育问题到底是什么?嗯,是人们生的孩子变少了。他们生得少是因为有什么疾病吗?是有病毒吗?他们失去了生育能力吗?睾丸里的微塑料,对吧?不是,人们生得少是因为他们选择少生,对吧?女性获得了解放、在职场上独立了,赚的钱更多了。嗯,人们不再需要孩子当养老保险了,所以就少生。也许他们过着享乐主义的生活,那也挺好,对吧?他们想多享受一点,想少生孩子。我不觉得“选择少生孩子”这个行为本身是个问题。好,那我们往上再看一层。呃,问题在退休的人身上。在于很大一部分人口基本上都在保证的 65 岁或 70 岁
便签引用
2:32:04
of retirees. It's because a large percentage of the population is essentially retiring at the guaranteed age of 65 or 70 thanks social security. And so they need other people to pay for it. They need more workers in the workforce. And if the workforce is shrinking, then you have a small number of people Exactly. who are supporting a large number of retirees. And in democracies, you can't take pensions away. The voters vote you out. So they slowly strangle the economy. So what do you do? Then you have a bunch of immigration and then the whole culture changes. You end up in a low trust society and people start fighting over limited resources and how do you control which immigrants come in and how do you make sure that they're good taxpayers after they're in and so on.
退休——谢谢社保。于是他们需要别人来给他们买单。他们需要劳动力市场上有更多工人。而如果劳动力在萎缩,你就会出现一小撮人正是如此。——去供养一大批退休的人。而在民主国家,你没法把养老金拿走,选民会把你选下去。所以它们会慢慢把经济勒死。那怎么办?于是你搞来一大堆移民,然后整个文化就变了。你最后进入一个低信任社会,人们开始为有限的资源争斗,然后你又要想怎么控制让哪些移民进来、怎么确保他们进来之后是好的纳税人,等等。
便签引用
2:32:39
So you end up with in in kind of this trap where the low fertility rate is upstream of the downstream problems that are cultural and societal. But I'm not sure that you're going to solve that by making people have more kids. How are you going to meme them into having more kids? And I'm not even sure it's necessarily a problem because keep in mind, you have more resources now. You have less of a burden. Now, there's there's a flip side where every kid is a lottery ticket and an invention. So, there's some benefit to having more kids, but you can't you can't force it.
所以你最后陷进这么一个陷阱里:低生育率处在上游,而下游的那些问题是文化和社会层面的。但我不确定你能靠让人多生孩子来解决这个。你打算怎么用梗把他们忽悠成多生孩子?而且我甚至不确定这必然是个问题,因为别忘了,现在你人均资源更多了,负担更小了。当然也有反面:每个孩子都是一张彩票、一项发明。所以多生确实有好处,但你没法强迫。
便签引用
2:33:09
I think it'll work itself out, right? The Scott Adams has this great law which calls the Adams law of slowmoving disasters. When disasters are very slowm moving like peak oil or global warming or population collapse and everyone can kind of see them coming economics and society as a force solve them because enough individual people has incentives to go solve them. So I don't know exactly how it gets solved but I think it could get solved in various ways. Uh, one example could be um, you know, maybe people retire later. Maybe AI and automation and robots take care of the older people.
我觉得这事会自己解决的,对吧?斯科特·亚当斯有一条很棒的定律,叫“亚当斯缓慢灾难定律”。当灾难来得非常慢,比如石油峰值、全球变暖或者人口崩溃,而且大家多少都能看见它在逼近时,经济和社会作为一种力量就会去解决它,因为有足够多的个体有动机去解决它。所以我不知道具体会怎么解决,但我觉得可以通过很多方式解决。呃,一个例子可能是,嗯,也许人们退休得更晚。也许 AI、自动化和机器人来照顾老年人。
便签引用
2:33:48
Maybe we figure out how to have immigrants while still keeping a high trust society. We kind of put more rules around immigration that protect some of the high trust benefits. Maybe we outsource more things. Maybe we just, you know, have more land and housing to go around. Believe me, if we were having too many kids, everybody complain about how there's no housing and there's no land, right? So they'll always find something to care about. So, I just don't view this as like a thing that any individual or government action is going to solve. I think economics and incentives over time will solve it. And I'm not even convinced it's like that big of a problem.
也许我们想出办法,既接纳移民又保住一个高信任社会。我们给移民设更多规则,保护住一部分高信任带来的好处。也许我们把更多事情外包出去。也许我们只是,你懂的,有更多的土地和住房可以分。相信我,如果我们生得太多,所有人又会抱怨没房子、没地了,对吧?所以他们总能找到点什么来操心。所以我就是不觉得这是个什么个人或政府行动就能解决的事。我认为经济和激励机制随着时间会解决它。而且我甚至不觉得这是个多大的问题。
便签引用
2:34:19
Is there anything that you do think is a it may be selfcorrecting too, which is that if there are too few kids in society and the returns to having kids literally might just go up. It might just be easier to have the incentive to now have a child because there's so few around, they're going to get the best job. They're going to have opportunity resources. It's like everyone wants to everyone's I suppose if you could come at it from a pain side which is you look at all of the other people around who don't have kids. Let's say that um pensions completely drop off and the only way that old people are able to survive is if their children pay them some sort of stipend like reverse you know send send money back up the generations. You go okay well that's a pretty [ __ ] good incentive.
有没有什么你确实认为是——这可能也会自我修正,就是说如果社会里孩子太少,那生孩子的回报可能真的会上升。现在生孩子的激励可能会变得更强,因为孩子太少了,他们会得到最好的工作。他们会拥有机会和资源。就好像每个人都想——每个人都——我想如果你从“痛苦”那一面切入,就是你看看周围那些没有孩子的人。比如说养老金彻底消失了,老人能活下去的唯一办法就是靠子女给他们某种补贴,就像反过来,你懂的,把钱往上一代送。你就会想,好吧,这可是个相当他妈强的激励。
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2:34:54
That's a good incentive. I also think that people have been me'd into thinking that uh kids make your life worse and that's a that's a pretty pretty bad what's your experience been? Kids make your life better in every possible way. If you want to if you want an automatic built-in meaning to life, have kids. Uh, and I think there are these bad psych studies, like most psych studies, unfortunately, that say that people are unhappy when they have kids. Yeah, it's because you're catching in the middle of changing a diaper and you're saying like, "Are you glad you had kids or not?" Or or they don't even say that.
这是个好激励。我还觉得人们被各种梗洗脑,以为孩子会让你的生活变糟,而那是个相当——相当糟糕的——你的体验是怎样的?孩子在方方面面都让你的生活更好。如果你想要——如果你想要人生自带一个现成的意义,那就生孩子。呃,而我觉得有那些糟糕的心理学研究,就像大多数心理学研究一样,很遗憾地说,声称人们有了孩子之后不快乐。是啊,那是因为你刚好在人家换尿布的时候逮住他们,问:“你为有孩子高兴吗?”或者他们连这个都不问。
便签引用
2:35:21
They say, "Are you happy or not?" And they say, "No, I'm not happy right now." But what they don't realize is that person has found something more important than being happy in the moment. They found meaning. And the meaning comes from kids. And if you ask parents, do you regret having kids? I think it would be 99 to1 against, you know, it would be, "No, I don't regret having kids. I love having kids. I'm so glad I had kids." It's it's incredibly rare to meet a parent that regretted having children.
他们问:“你现在快乐吗?”对方就说:“不,我现在不快乐。”但他们没意识到的是,这个人已经找到了比此刻快乐更重要的东西。他们找到了意义。而这份意义来自孩子。如果你去问父母:你后悔生孩子吗?我觉得比例会是 99 比 1,答案会是:“不,我不后悔有孩子。我很享受有孩子。我太庆幸我生了孩子。”要碰到一个后悔生孩子的父母,真的极其罕见。
便签引用
2:35:42
It's pretty good odds. It's it's extremely good odds. And I think so I think I think a lot of people get late into life and uh you know, then they can't admit that they didn't want kids that that that they should have had kids. It's kind of late in the game. Um, but you know, a lot of times you see everybody who has a pet, right? Uh, and they're pushing them around in a stroller, right? What is that? That's a sublimated desire for children. Yeah. Uh, Malcolm Collins says that uh, having a pet is to children is using porn is to sex. He basically thinks that it's sort of a surrogate.
这概率挺不错的。这概率好得不得了。所以我觉得——我觉得很多人到了人生比较晚的阶段,然后,你知道,他们没法承认自己其实是想要孩子的,承认自己本该生孩子。那时候已经有点晚了。嗯,但你知道,很多时候你会看到那些养宠物的人,对吧?呃,他们还推着婴儿车带宠物出门,对吧?那是什么?那是一种被升华了的对孩子的渴望。对。呃,马尔科姆·柯林斯说过,宠物之于孩子,就像看色情片之于性。他基本上认为那算是一种替代品。
便签引用
2:36:14
It It's definitely in that direction. And, you know, I like pets. I like animals. I don't but I don't like the idea of like neutering or spaying something and then keeping it as a prisoner in the house and having to train it. You know, it's just I don't want to be responsible for that. Given that you've been thinking more about child rearing kids, what do you hope that your kids learn from their childhood? They should just be happy and do what they want. I don't I don't I don't have particular goals in mind for them. I think that's a that's another route to unhappiness. Having That's different though, right? Than learn versus goals. It's not necessarily what do they want? What what do you want them to want out of life? Like what is it that you had that idea around your number one job as a parent is to provide unconditional love to your kids.
这个方向肯定是没错的。而且,你知道,我喜欢宠物。我喜欢动物。但我不喜欢那种把动物绝育,然后把它当囚犯一样关在家里、还得训练它的做法。就是——我不想为那个负责。既然你最近更多在思考养育孩子的事,你希望你的孩子从他们的童年里学到什么?他们只要开心、做自己想做的事就行。我没有——我没有——我对他们没有什么特定的目标。我觉得那是——那是通往不快乐的另一条路。有——不过这不一样,对吧?“学到什么”和“目标”不是一回事。也不一定是他们想要什么。你希望他们想要什么样的人生?就像你曾经有过那个想法,说你作为父母的头号工作,就是给孩子无条件的爱。
便签引用
2:36:57
Yeah, that's it. Right. So I can be loved or I am loved unconditionally. Is that one of the things? I want my kids to feel unconditionally loved and I want them to have high self-esteem. Mhm. As a consequence of that, but I don't get to choose any All I get to choose is my output. I can output love. I can't choose what they feel. I can't choose how they behave. I can't choose what they want. I can't choose what they turn out to be. And downstream from that, there should be freedom. There should be a degree of freedom that comes from the self-esteem that comes from the unconditionality.
对,就是这样。对。所以“我可以被爱”或者“我是被无条件地爱着的”。这算其中一点吗?我希望我的孩子感受到无条件的爱,我希望他们有高自尊。嗯。那是它带来的结果,但我并不能选择任何——我唯一能选择的是我的输出。我可以输出爱。我没法选择他们感受到什么。我没法选择他们怎么行动。我没法选择他们想要什么。我没法选择他们最终成为什么样的人。而在这之下,应该是自由。应该有一定程度的自由,它来自自尊,而自尊来自那份无条件。
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12育儿本能、暴力底层与注意力
2:37:28
They should make their own mistakes and learn their own lessons and uh have their own desires and fulfill them as is appropriate. Uh I like any parent, I wouldn't want them to be hurt. I wouldn't want them to be unhappy. But I cannot control these things. Uh you replied to my friend Rob Henderson. He was talking about um how kids fall asleep more quickly when they're being carried and uh you said cry it out and co-sleeping is dangerous. What's IYI science? IY is Nim TB. He talk about intellectual yet idiot. These are people who are overeducated and they deny like basic common sense.
他们应该犯自己的错、学自己的教训,呃,有自己的渴望,并在合适的时候去实现它们。呃,跟任何父母一样,我不希望他们受伤。我不希望他们不快乐。但这些事我控制不了。呃,你回复过我朋友罗布·亨德森。他在讲孩子被抱着的时候更快入睡,然后你说“哭到睡”和同床睡很危险,这是哪门子 IYI 科学?IYI 是纳西姆·塔勒布提出的。他讲的是“聪明的傻瓜”(intellectual yet idiot)。这些人受教育过度,却否认最基本的常识。
便签引用
2:38:03
Okay. Uh so there's a lot of that that goes on in child rearing uh thanks to really bad studies uh and and bad public medical directives. So, for example, you know, uh a few uh a few parents you maybe they're drunk or they're high or they're just other issues and you know, they roll over their kid when they're sleeping, the kid suffocates or they neglect their kid and then is that co-sleeping having them in the bed. Yeah. Exactly. Or or there, you know, the the modern proclamation. And so, because of that, they say, "Well, don't co-sleep with your kids." Well, the kids in every society through all of human history co-slept with their parents.
好的。呃,育儿领域里有大量这种东西,都要拜那些很糟糕的研究,呃,还有糟糕的公共医疗指令所赐。比如说,你知道,呃,有少数——有少数父母,可能喝醉了、嗑嗨了,或者有别的问题,然后,你知道,睡觉时压到了孩子,孩子窒息了;或者他们疏于照看孩子,然后——那就是指同床睡,把孩子放在床上?对,没错。或者,你知道,那种现代的官方说法。所以,因为这个,他们就说:“那就别跟孩子同床睡。”可是在人类历史上的每一个社会里,孩子都是跟父母一起睡的。
便签引用
2:38:37
Where else do you think they were sleeping? They weren't houses in multiple rooms. Yeah. Exactly. Put in the other tent. We'll put It's just nonsense. Co-sleeping has been around since the dawn of time. So has uh feeding kids cow milk when or goat milk when breast milk is runs out or is not available. Um yet we're told formula, you know, made with soy and and and corn syrup, which was invented recently, is somehow better than uh cow milk. And cow milk can be dangerous for your kids and co-sleeping is dangerous for your kids and cry it out is the right answer. All of that is nonsense. I mean, it's very clear that um we raise children throughout human history without uh these interventions. And and to me, the idea that like you're going to let your kid cry it out, I get why that's done for practical reasons so that you know you can get some sleep and you can go to work in the morning, but the reality is when you let the kid cry it out, you're letting the kid ball until it finally gives up. I mean, the kid left by itself
不然你以为他们睡哪儿?那时候又没有分好多房间的房子。是啊,没错,“放到另一个帐篷去吧”,我们把——这纯粹是胡扯。同床睡从远古就有了。同样古老的还有,呃,在母乳断掉或者没有母乳时给孩子喝牛奶或羊奶。嗯,但我们却被告知,配方奶——你知道,用大豆和玉米糖浆做的、最近才被发明出来的东西——不知怎么就比牛奶更好。而且说牛奶对孩子可能有危险,同床睡对孩子有危险,“哭到睡”才是正确答案。所有这些都是胡扯。我是说,非常清楚的一点是,嗯,人类历史上我们一直在没有这些干预的情况下养大孩子。而且对我来说,那种让孩子“哭到睡”的想法——我理解出于现实原因为什么这么做,比如让你能睡上一觉、第二天能去上班,但现实是,当你让孩子哭到睡,你其实是让孩子一直嚎啕大哭,直到他最终放弃。我是说,一个孩子在野外被单独扔下哭,它会
便签引用
2:39:29
to cry it out in the wild. It's going to get it's going to get eaten, right? It's going to get eaten by a tiger. Um, so this kid is starting off on the wrong foundation. The the one I mentioned earlier about the idea that babies don't feel pain. Like that's ludicrous, right? Um, I've never heard that before. That's such a wild idea. Yeah, I'm not saying that's 100% true. I read it on the child in the cheek quite hard. And that's an academy. I read it on Twitter and I did one level confirmation on it, but it's so ludicrous that I should probably do two or three level confirmations on it before I talk about it.
被——它会被吃掉,对吧?会被老虎吃掉。嗯,所以这孩子的起点就建立在错误的基础上。还有我前面提到的那个说法,说婴儿感觉不到疼痛。那简直荒唐,对吧?嗯,我从来没听说过。这想法也太离谱了。是啊,我不是说这百分之百属实。我是在推特上看到的,我做了一层核实,但它实在太荒唐了,也许在我拿出来讲之前,我该做两三层核实才对。它。
便签引用
2:39:59
Um, but there are definitely some people who believe that there enough that it was a thing. um in certain circles for a while. But I think we just go through these, you know, the these IYI beliefs, these intellectual beliefs come from people who uh take a little bit of knowledge and extrapolate it too far. They think we know more than we know due to recent scientific studies and these are junk science. These are low power studies on uh you know on very certain contexts that then get over applied.
嗯,但确实有一些人相信这个,相信的人多到让它在某些圈子里流行过一阵。不过我觉得我们就是会经历这些,你知道,这些 IYI 式的信念,这些“知识分子式”的信念,来自那些呃掌握了一点点知识就过度外推的人。他们因为一些近期的科学研究,就以为我们知道的比实际知道的多,而这些都是垃圾科学。是在呃,你知道,非常特定情境下做的低功效研究,然后被过度套用到别处。
便签引用
2:40:28
Behavioral psych is very guilty of this but it's true across a lot of science. Um, so even with science, you have to be skeptical. You have to look very carefully at, you know, does it apply in the right context or not? Is it come from good sources? Did they run enough high-powered studies widely accepted? And there are a whole bunch of things you're just not supposed to talk about. You're not supposed to say like you don't say like you you can you can't say anything negative about vaccines because god forbid what if they don't get the polio vaccine, right? And that's part of the reason why the recent vaccine debate because we've taken our worship for vaccines too far because we don't want people to not take non-essential vaccines. So it gets overdone. So the same way there's this whole SIDS thing, sudden infant death syndrome, right?
行为心理学在这方面尤其严重,但很多学科其实都有这个问题。嗯,所以即便是科学,你也得保持怀疑。你得非常仔细地看,你知道,它是不是适用于眼下这个情境?它的来源可靠吗?他们有没有做足够多、被广泛接受的高功效研究?而且还有一大堆事情是你压根不该谈的。你不该说——你不能说——你不能说任何关于疫苗的负面话,因为天哪,万一有人因此不打脊灰疫苗怎么办,对吧?这也是最近这场疫苗争论的部分原因,因为我们把对疫苗的崇拜推得太过了,因为我们不希望人们连非必需的疫苗都不打。于是就做过头了。同样的道理,还有整个 SIDS 的事,婴儿猝死综合征,对吧?
便签引用
2:41:04
It's like no, there's kids don't suddenly mysteriously die. Like more likely there was neglect or there was a problem and then whoever was the caretaker doesn't want to admit to the problem or didn't recognize the problem, but kids don't just spontaneously die in the crib, right? Um so they talk about swaddling babies. You swaddle babies, you know, basically tie them up, mummify them. Uh so you constrict them so they die of SIDS where they roll over and they can't get back. I mean, it's just all this craziness around fundraising.
就好像——不,孩子不会突然神秘地死掉。更可能是有疏忽,或者存在某个问题,然后照看的人不愿承认这个问题,或者没意识到这个问题,但孩子不会就那样在婴儿床里自发死掉,对吧?嗯,所以他们又讲给婴儿打襁褓。你把婴儿裹起来,你知道的,基本上就是把他们捆起来、像木乃伊一样裹住。呃,把他们裹得紧紧的,结果他们就死于婴儿猝死综合征,翻过身去他们回不去了。我是说,围绕融资的这些疯狂事儿。
便签引用
2:41:32
It's a real minefield. It's a minefield. And and and you know, you have these scared parents or having a kid for the first time and they open a book and they start reading how to raise children when I would argue that your natural instincts on what to do with your child uh are actually pretty good. It It's funny when uh my wife and I had our first baby. I remember, you know, at the hospital, sorry, the first one was natural birth um at the birthing center. We we went home. I was like, "There you go. That's it." And we're like, what do we do?
这真是个雷区。是个雷区。而且你知道,有这些惊慌失措的父母,第一次当爸妈,他们翻开一本书,开始读怎么养孩子,而我想说的是,你在孩子身上的自然本能其实挺靠谱的。挺有意思的,我和我太太生第一个孩子的时候。我记得,在医院,抱歉,第一个是自然分娩,在助产中心。我们回到家,我当时想,"就这样了。就这样。"然后我们想,我们该干嘛?
便签引用
2:41:59
Where's the instruction manual? You take them home and then you relax and you realize actually instincts are pretty good. You know, if the kid cries, check to see if they clean, feed them, all that. It's like your your basic instincts are actually very very good. And kids instincts are actually very very good. They know what they want and they want things for a reason and they can encourage you to give it to them. Yes. It's usually it children are not deficient adults who can't reason. Uh and to some extent that's true but mostly it's not true. Mostly they have very good reasons for what they want and you as a parent mostly have communication problems with them. They can't yet communicate to you. You can't communicate to them. They can't communicate to you. So early on with my kids, I tried to focus on teaching them, you know, basic explanatory theories as opposed to having them memorize things.
说明书在哪儿?你把他们带回家,然后你放松下来,你就会发现其实本能挺靠谱的。你知道,如果孩子哭了,看看他们是不是干净的,喂他们,诸如此类。就是说你的基本本能其实非常非常靠谱。而孩子的本能其实也非常非常靠谱。他们知道自己想要什么,而且他们想要东西是有原因的,他们能促使你给他们。是的。通常孩子并不是那种不会推理的"残缺版成年人"。呃,某种程度上是这样,但大多数情况下不是。大多数时候他们对自己想要的东西有很充分的理由,而你作为家长,跟他们主要是沟通上的问题。他们还不能跟你沟通。你也不能跟他们沟通。他们不能跟你沟通。所以在我孩子很小的时候,我就试着重点教他们一些基本的解释性理论,而不是让他们死记硬背东西。
便签引用
2:42:53
That's just the most the most nol solution. I'll give you I'll give you a very simple example, right? Okay. So this is Twitter and this is this is the how to get rich without getting lucky thread. So the first one well a simple one is you know how does knowledge get created? If you follow the critical rationalism David Deutsch philosophy, then it's by guessing and then by testing your guesses. So whenever they ask me something like, well, why do you think that is? Well, how would we figure out if that's true?
这真是最高明的解决办法。我给你举个非常简单的例子,好吧?好。这是推特,这是那条"如何不靠运气致富"的推文串。第一条,嗯,一个简单的例子就是,知识是怎么产生的?如果你信奉批判理性主义、大卫·多伊奇的哲学,那就是靠猜测,然后检验你的猜测。所以每当他们问我类似的问题,"那你觉得为什么会这样?""那我们怎么才能弄清楚这是不是真的?"
便签引用
2:43:19
Right? So that's a basic game you can play involving them. Involving them. But another one is that a lot of the rules that you teach kids have to do with hygiene, right? You must brush your teeth, you know, cover your mouth when you cough. Um, you know, clean up after yourself. Don't touch that. Wash your hands after you do this. um don't eat food off the floor, right? But all of these are subsumed under the germ theory of disease, right? So if you instead go on YouTube and show them videos of germs or if you have them look under a microscope at anything, they're like, "Ah, they can infer what's going Yeah, there's creepy crawies everywhere and I got to watch out for them." Uh and then, you know, you can talk about how if you look at humans, like our real enemy are pathogens. I think a lot of aging and disease are actually downstream of our competition with pathogens over time. uh to a point that people still don't fully appreciate. Um there's a red queen hypothesis which is that we undergo sexual selection to mix
对吧?所以这是一个可以让他们参与进来的基本游戏。让他们参与进来。但还有一点是,你教孩子的很多规矩都跟卫生有关,对吧?你必须刷牙,你知道,咳嗽的时候捂住嘴。嗯,你知道,收拾好自己的东西。别碰那个。做完这个要洗手。嗯,别吃掉在地上的食物,对吧?但所有这些都可以归入疾病的细菌理论,对吧?所以如果你换个方式,上YouTube给他们看细菌的视频,或者让他们用显微镜看看任何东西,他们就会说,"啊。"他们能推断出是怎么回事。"是啊,到处都是爬来爬去的小东西,我得当心它们。"呃,然后,你知道,你可以聊聊,如果你看看人类,我们真正的敌人是病原体。我认为很多衰老和疾病其实都是我们长期以来与病原体竞争的下游结果。这一点人们到现在还没有充分认识到。嗯,有个"红皇后假说",就是说我们通过有性选择来混合基因。所以每二十年,
便签引用
2:44:13
up our genes. And so every 20 years, every generation, mix up your genes. But if you look at how bacteria and viruses mutate through just random mutations, their mixup rate on their genes and evolution rate is roughly the same as ours. Even though they go through thousands of generations those 20 years because they're not doing sexual selection, they're doing asexual replication, mutation, their their evolutionary rate is roughly equivalent to ours. So we're in a red queen race where we're both running at roughly the same speed using very different strategies.
每一代,把基因混合一次。但如果你看看细菌和病毒是怎么通过随机突变来变异的,它们基因的混合速率和进化速率跟我们大致相同。尽管在那二十年里它们经历了成千上万代,因为它们不搞有性选择,它们搞的是无性复制、突变,它们的进化速率跟我们大致相当。所以我们处在一场红皇后赛跑里,双方用非常不同的策略,跑出大致相同的速度。
便签引用
2:44:42
But a lot of how we're involved is around pathogens. Like our immune system is one of the most expensive things to run in the body is so much as about immune system optimization. That's about pathogens. junk DNA in bacteria and crisper was discovered because in bacteria their DNA is evolved to fight viruses and the way it does that is by taking viral DNA and snipping it up every time there's a viral attack and storing it in their own DNA so they have a copy so they can recognize it next time it attacks and you know and so on.
但我们进化过程中的很多东西都是围绕病原体的。比如我们的免疫系统是身体里运行成本最高的东西之一,有太多东西都跟免疫系统的优化有关。那就是关于病原体的。细菌里的垃圾DNA,还有CRISPR被发现,就是因为在细菌里,它们的DNA进化出了对抗病毒的能力,而它做到这一点的方式是每次遭到病毒攻击时,把病毒的DNA剪下来,存进自己的DNA里,这样它们就有了一份副本,下次再被攻击时就能识别出来,你知道,等等等等。
便签引用
2:45:10
Um a lot of the population structure of species uh determines how long their lifespans are. So very uh so if if in a given species there's a very high rate of infection then you'll have these older members of the population are carrying diseases that will then infect the young. So it's important for that species to get rid of the old faster. So the higher the disease rate in a given population, the less long live the entire population. So the older ones don't infect the younger ones. That's a hypothesis and I think it's true. It's an interesting hypothesis. um uh homeostasis within the human body, how we're always returning to a given level of things like that's a that's a fundamental part of our makeup, our temperature, pH, blood pressure, and so on under homeostasis. But if you if you engage in any kind of signaling like you take a peptide for example, that's a signaling molecule. You take a hormone externally, the body will counteract it.
嗯,一个物种的种群结构在很大程度上决定了它们的寿命有多长。所以如果在某个特定物种里感染率非常高,那么种群中那些年长的个体就会携带疾病,进而传染给年轻的个体。所以对那个物种来说,让年老的个体更快地消失就很重要。所以在一个给定的种群里,疾病发生率越高,整个种群的寿命就越短。这样年长的就不会传染给年轻的。这是个假说,我觉得它是对的。这是个有意思的假说。嗯,人体内的稳态,我们总是会回到某个特定水平,诸如此类,这是我们构造的一个根本部分,我们的体温、酸碱度、血压等等都处于稳态之下。但如果你进行任何形式的信号传递,比如说你服用一种肽,那是一种信号分子。你从外部摄入一种激素,身体就会去抵消它。
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2:46:02
You take testosterone, the body will counteract will downregulate its own production very fast. Uh and the body releases its own hormones in pulses rather than steady state. Why is that? Well, that's because uh bacteria and viruses can infect your body and trick your body. They can take it over. Like toxoplasmosis does this, rabies does this. They take over macroscopic structure, structural bodies. And small bacteria and viruses would hack our bodies and literally take them over if we didn't have defense mechanisms. And one of those defense mechanisms is homeostasis. Anytime you see something getting out of whack, you immediately push back really hard on it because like, did I just get infected?
你服用睾酮,身体就会抵消,会非常快地下调自身的分泌。呃,而且身体是以脉冲的方式释放自身激素的,而不是稳定持续地释放。这是为什么呢?嗯,那是因为呃细菌和病毒能感染你的身体、欺骗你的身体。它们能接管你的身体。比如弓形虫病就是这样,狂犬病也是这样。它们接管宏观结构、有结构的躯体。如果我们没有防御机制,小小的细菌和病毒就会侵入我们的身体,并真的把它们接管过去。而其中一种防御机制就是稳态。每当你发现有什么东西失衡了,你立刻就非常用力地把它推回去,因为就好像,我是不是刚被感染了?
便签引用
2:46:37
Is something trying to take me over? It's also why hormones get released in pulses at night rather than in steady state low levels because uh enemy bacteria can release toxins or the same signaling molecules in small quantities but they can't pulse. They can't coordinate to pulse. So your body can coordinate to pulse as a macroscopic object but microscopic objects can't coordinate to create the same pulses. Oh that's cool. Yeah. So there's all I mean so you know that it's coming from you. Is that why?
是不是有什么东西想接管我?这也是为什么激素是在夜里以脉冲方式释放,而不是稳定地维持低水平,因为呃敌方细菌能释放毒素或者同样的信号分子,但量很小,而且它们没法做出脉冲。它们无法协调起来产生脉冲。所以你的身体作为一个宏观物体能够协调产生脉冲,但微观物体没法协调起来制造出同样的脉冲。哦,这挺酷的。是啊。所以这一切我是说,你知道它是从你自己身上来的。是因为这个吗?
便签引用
2:47:03
Correct. It's endogenous rather than exogenous. So I never knew that. And that's why we resist a lot of exogenous treatments. A lot of our medical treatments don't work. Um anyway, so this these are there's there's a bunch more I could go on, but I think that a lot of uh you know, you see this in cancers where uh a lot of uh bacteria show up like the Epstein bar virus shows up in a lot of cancers and um you know, now it seems like the gut microbiome influences so many things. Basically uh bacteria and viruses are at the top of the food chain compared to us. Like we are top of the well-known food chain, but bacteria and viruses eat us. Fungus eats us. So these microscopic predators are our natural predators. And so a lot of aging, societal structure, hygiene, religious strictctures against pork, you know, circumcision, all of these things. These are all designed to resist bacteria and viruses. So if you can teach children this philosophy at an early age, you shortcut all the debates.
没错。它是内源性的,而不是外源性的。这我以前完全不知道。这也是为什么我们会对很多外源性的治疗产生抗性。我们很多医学治疗都不起作用。呃,总之,这些还有很多我可以继续讲下去,但我觉得很多你知道,你在癌症里能看到这一点,很多细菌会出现,比如 EB 病毒就出现在很多癌症里,而且,你知道,现在看来肠道微生物组影响着太多东西了。基本上,呃,细菌和病毒相对我们来说是处在食物链顶端的。就像我们是那条众所周知的食物链的顶端,但细菌和病毒吃我们。真菌吃我们。所以这些微观的捕食者才是我们的天敌。所以很多衰老、社会结构、卫生习惯、宗教里禁食猪肉的戒律,你知道,割礼,所有这些东西。这些全都是为了抵抗细菌和病毒而设计的。所以如果你能在孩子很小的时候就教给他们这套哲学,你就跳过了所有那些争论。
便签引用
2:48:00
How effective have you been at teaching that philosophy to children? That one, I think I've been pretty effective. I've drilled that one at home. The one I haven't quite gotten around to yet is evolution. Like I'm starting to do little bits of that, you know, like we came from monkeys. What does that mean? Um, already got them thinking about some of the deeper questions. I did ask my, you know, young son like uh, you know, can nothing exist? I thought that was a fun question. So, I like to throw a fun question.
你在把这套哲学教给孩子这件事上,效果如何?那一条,我觉得我做得还挺有效的。我在家里反复灌输过。我还没怎么来得及讲的是进化论。就像我开始讲一点点,你知道,比如我们是从猴子来的。那是什么意思?嗯,已经让他们开始思考一些更深层的问题了。我确实问过我你知道,我的小儿子,比如,呃,你知道,'无'能存在吗?我觉得那是个很有意思的问题。所以我喜欢抛出一些有意思的问题。
便签引用
2:48:23
How old is he now? Like four, three. No, no, he's he's eight. Oh, right. An 8-year-old and a six-year-old. So, I asked them both like, "Can nothing exist?" And they had pretty good answers, right? Um, another one we played with the other day was like, "What is the matrix?" Okay. Uh, you know, what is what is this? What is all this? Um, I just find it and it's entertaining. It's just fun to talk about, right? To talk about these questions with your kids. I'm not saying that one is a good way of child raising. It's not leading to any deeper learning other than maybe just have them start uh or continue to question the basic structure of reality and not move past it so quickly. also to take joy.
他现在多大了?四岁?三岁?不不,他八岁了。哦,对。一个八岁,一个六岁。所以我问他们俩,'无'能存在吗?他们的回答还挺不错的,对吧?嗯,还有一个我们前几天玩过的问题是,什么是母体(matrix)?好。呃,你知道,什么是——这是什么?这一切是什么?嗯,我就是觉得这很有意思,很好玩,去聊这些,对吧?跟孩子聊这些问题。我不是说这是一种好的育儿方式。它并不会带来什么更深的学习,可能顶多是让他们开始,呃,或者继续去质疑现实的基本结构,而不是那么快就略过它。也是为了享受其中的乐趣。
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2:48:57
You know what's the meta lesson that's being taught there? Dad dad spends time asking questions to which there are not necessarily an answer because there is something enjoyable in the process of learning and trying to decipher what's happening possibly. Also, dad tries not too hard to teach people things. I don't want to be I don't want to be didactic. He helps them to arrive at it. Yeah. Correct. Correct. Dad Dad is here to help you solve problems when you have problems and you constantly have problems. So if you come to dad, dad can help explain to you how he would solve the problem. But most of the time they don't want that. Most of the time they just want most of the time they just want me to solve the problem, right? So sometimes they have to play it dumb.
你知道这里面在教的那个元课程是什么吗?爸爸会花时间去问一些不一定有答案的问题,因为在学习和试图解读正在发生的事情的过程中,本身就有某种乐趣。还有,爸爸不会太用力地去教别人东西。我不想——我不想说教。他是帮他们自己得出答案。对。没错。没错。爸爸——爸爸在这里是为了在你有问题的时候帮你解决问题,而你会不断地遇到问题。所以如果你来找爸爸,爸爸可以给你解释他会怎么解决这个问题。但大多数时候他们并不想要那个。大多数时候他们只是想——大多数时候他们只是想让我帮他们把问题解决掉,对吧?所以有时候他们得装傻。
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2:49:34
It's like why is my Wi-Fi not working on my computer? I'm like I don't know. Did you click on that thing? Look, you've got like a rebellious sovereign child. Sovereign as they may be, but sometimes they still need the dad to step in. So in addition to feeling loved and having high self-esteem, I think the most important trait that would be nice to not rob them of is agency. I want them to preserve their agency. They're born naturally agentic and willful, but a lot of child raising can beat that out of them by essentially domesticating them. That's right.
就像,为什么我电脑上的 Wi-Fi 连不上?我就说,我不知道啊。你点那个东西了吗?你看,你有一个叛逆的、有主权意识的孩子。尽管他们再有主权意识,有时候还是需要爸爸出手。所以除了让他们感受到被爱、拥有高自尊之外,我觉得最重要的、最好不要剥夺他们的那个特质,是能动性。我希望他们保留自己的能动性。他们天生就是有能动性、有意志的,但很多育儿方式基本上是通过驯化他们,把这种东西给打掉了。没错。
便签引用
2:50:03
And I would rather have wild animals and wolves than have well-trained dogs because I'm not going to be around to take care of them. Yeah. So, they're going to have to be able to look after themselves. Exactly. Yeah. A friend of mine, uh, Parsa on, uh, on Air Chat, uh, he had a great saying. He said, uh, he wants his, uh, children to be quick to learn and hard to kill. [Laughter] thought that was pretty good. Yeah, that was cool. I remember you saying just thinking about sort of future and culture and stuff like that. I remember you saying that the left had won the culture war and now they're just driving around shooting the survivors, right?
而我宁愿要野生动物和狼,也不要训练有素的狗,因为我不会一直在他们身边照顾他们。是啊。所以他们必须有能力照顾自己。正是。是的。我有个朋友,呃,Parsa,在,呃,在 Air Chat 上,呃,他有句很棒的话。他说,呃,他希望他的,呃,孩子学得快、不好杀(quick to learn and hard to kill)。[笑声] 我觉得这句挺不错的。是啊,那很酷。我记得你说过,就是在思考未来和文化这类东西的时候。我记得你说左派已经赢了文化战争,现在他们只是开着车到处射杀幸存者,对吧?
便签引用
2:50:36
After the last 6 months of change that we've seen and sort of where we're at at the moment, what do you think the future of the culture war looks like? It's not over yet. Um, they definitely won earlier rounds. They took over institutions. I think now it's much more of a fair fight. Um where you have people like Elon, you know, kind of supporting uh so so there there's these different forces through history, right? Historians will argue about this. Uh but there's a theory of the great man of history thing where it's like oh you have the Einsteins, you have the Teslas, you have the um the Jangaskhans and the Caesars, right? They determine the flow of history. And then there's the other uh point of view that no there are these massive forces at play you know demographics and geography and so on and then the particular great man doesn't matter they just come and go Napoleon doesn't matter they would have been somebody else uh the specific names are not important and because of kind of the leftist turn that our institutions took
在我们看到的过去六个月的变化之后,以及就我们目前所处的状况来说,你觉得文化战争的未来会是什么样子?还没结束。嗯,他们确实赢了前几轮。他们占领了各个机构。我觉得现在更像是一场公平的较量了。嗯,你有像 Elon 这样的人,你知道,算是在支持——所以历史上存在着这些不同的力量,对吧?历史学家会为此争论。呃,但有一种'历史上的伟人'理论,就是说,哦,你有爱因斯坦,有特斯拉,有,嗯,成吉思汗和凯撒,对吧?是他们决定了历史的走向。然后还有另一种,呃,观点认为,不,是有这些巨大的力量在起作用,你知道,人口结构、地理等等,然后具体是哪个伟人并不重要,他们来了又走,拿破仑不重要,换成别人也一样,具体的名字并不重要,而且由于某种我们的机构在过去几十年里发生了左倾,他们现在只认同历史的「大势理论」,
便签引用
2:51:31
in the last few uh decades they now only subscribe to the great forces theory of history not the great man theory of history but I think now we're seeing the two play out where you're seeing you know Trump and Elon and other individuals is rising up and saying no, we resist. Yeah, that's interesting. And um I think that unfortunately and so the battle between kind of these these these collectivists and great forces versus individuals, it's as old as humanity itself. And and it is fundamental to the species. We are not a completely individualistic species. You know, no man is an island. A single person can't do anything by themselves.
而不是「伟人史观」。但我觉得现在我们看到这两者同时上演,你能看到特朗普、马斯克还有其他一些个人站出来说:不,我们要抵抗。是啊,这很有意思。我觉得,不幸的是——所以这种集体主义、大势论和个人主义之间的斗争,跟人类本身一样古老。而且它是这个物种的根本。我们并不是一个完全个人主义的物种。你知道,没有人是一座孤岛。一个人靠自己什么也干不成。
便签引用
2:52:05
But we're also not a Borg. We're not a beehive. We're not an ant colony. We're not all just drones marching along. So, which is it? We we're somewhere in the middle. And the human race is always kind of bouncing between the two. We like strong leaders. We like to be led. Um we like to coordinate our forces and and and mass and and do things. Uh but at the same time, we're also all individuals and willing to break away and willing to do our own thing and everyone's always fighting to be a leader and there's always status games going on. So, u we're there's a pendulum that's always swinging back and forth.
但我们也不是博格人。我们不是蜂巢,不是蚁群,我们不是一群只会齐步前进的工蜂。那么,到底是哪一种呢?我们处在���间的某个位置。而人类一直在这两极之间来回摆动。我们喜欢强有力的领袖。我们喜欢被领导。我们喜欢协调力量、聚集起来、把事情办成。但与此同时,我们也都是个体,愿意脱离出来,愿意干自己的事,而且每个人都在争着当领袖,永远都有地位博弈在进行。所以我们……有一个钟摆一直在来回摆动。
便签引用
2:52:37
And in modern economics, the way that manifests is between sort of Marxism and capitalism, right? Marxism is like from each according to his ability to each according to his needs. We're all equal. There's a millennial project. We're all going to be equal in the end. And and you know, don't try and stand out, but do what's good for everybody. Um, and there's a religious aspect to it. And then the the capitalist individualist is like libertarian. Every man for himself. You just each do what you want and it'll work out for the greater good. That's Adam Smith. You know, the invisible hand of the market will feed you. the baker should bake and the butcher should butcher and the candlestick maker should make candlesticks and it'll all work out. Each person does their best and they trade and so which is it which which which theory is correct and I think there's always going to be a battle between the two and I think the interesting thing is what's going on there's a modern flavor to it which changes it. The modern flavor is that
在现代经济学里,这种张力体现为马克思主义和资本主义之间的对立,对吧?马克思主义就是「各尽所能,按需分配」。我们都是平等的。有一个千禧年式的宏图:我们最终都会平等。而且,你知道,别想着出人头地,要做对大家都好的事。这里面其实有宗教的成分。而资本主义的个人主义那一边则更像自由意志主义。人人为己。每个人做自己想做的事,最后自然会有利于整体福祉。这就是亚当·斯密。你知道,市场那只看不见的手会养活你。面包师就该烤面包,屠夫就该宰肉,做蜡烛的就该做蜡烛,一切自然会理顺。每个人尽自己最大的努力,然后彼此交易。那么到底是哪一种?哪一套理论才对?我觉得这两者之间的斗争会永远存在。而我觉得有意思的是,现在出现了一种现代的味道,改变了这件事。这种现代特色就是:个人变得越来越强大,因为他们获得了越来越大的杠杆。
便签引用
2:53:30
the individual is getting more powerful because they're becoming more leverage. So someone like an Elon Musk can have the leverage of tens of thousands of brilliant engineers and producers working for him. He can have factories of robots manufacturing things. He can have hundreds of billions of dollars of capital behind him and he can project himself through media to hundreds of millions of people. That is more power than any individual could have had historically. So the great men of history are becoming greater.
所以像埃隆·马斯克这样的人,可以拥有数万名顶尖工程师和生产者为他效力的杠杆。他可以拥有成批机器人组成的工厂来制造东西。他背后可以有几千亿美元的资本,而且他能通过媒体把自己投射给数亿人。这是历史上任何一个个人都不可能拥有的权力。所以历史上的伟人正变得更加伟大。
便签引用
2:53:56
That said, that same leverage is increasing the gap between the halves and have nots. So in the wealth game, more people are winning overall and the average is going up. But in the status game, there are essentially more losers. There are more invisible men and women who are getting nothing out of life and have no leverage. Relatively speaking. Objectively speaking, they might be better off. They still have phones and they still have TVs and they're not absolutist creatures though. We're relative creatures.
话虽如此,同样的杠杆也在拉大有产者和无产者之间的差距。所以在财富这场游戏里,总体上有更多人在赢,平均值在上升。但在地位这场游戏里,本质上输家更多了。有更多「看不见的人」,他们从生活中一无所获,也没有任何杠杆。相对而言是这样。客观上讲,他们的处境可能更好了。他们还是有手机,还是有电视。但人不是只看绝对值的生物,我们是看相对值的生物。
便签引用
2:54:21
Correct. And so to the extent that we're relatives creatures, there are more losers than winners. And in a democracy, those people will outnumber the winners and they will vote the winners down. Yep. Um, and so that's the battle that kind of goes on and the democracy has gotten very broad. And so one of my other quips is that um it's not the right to vote that gives you power, it's power that gives you the right to vote. So we've confused the two. So what happened was, you know, voting started as a way for people who had power to divide up the power, not fight amongst themselves. The winners of the revolution, the winners of the war, the people in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, they divide up power amongst themselves. to say, "Hey, we have all the money. We have the power.
没错。既然我们是相对性的生物,那么输家就比赢家多。而在民主制度下,这些人在数量上会超过赢家,他们会用选票把赢家压下去。对。所以这就是一直在上演的斗争,而民主的范围已经变得非常广。所以我另一句俏皮话是:不是投票权给了你权力,而是权力给了你投票权。我们把这两者搞混了。事情的经过是这样的:投票一开始是那些已经拥有权力的人用来分配权力、避免彼此火并的方式。革命的胜利者、战争的胜利者、上议院和下议院里的那些人,他们在彼此之间分配权力。就是说:「嘿,钱都在我们手里,权力在我们手里。
便签引用
2:55:03
We are the knights. We have the swords. We have the warriors. We could kill everybody, but we don't want to just fight each other all day long. We don't have to be Game of Thrones forever. So, we're going to divide up power by voting among ourselves." But then, as society goes on and becomes more and more peaceful, that franchise for voting gets spread. It gets spread to people who don't have land, who don't have power, who may not be able to inflict physical violence. And then eventually, you get to the point where everybody's voting.
我们是骑士。我们手里有剑。我们有武士。我们可以把所有人都杀掉,但我们不想整天彼此厮杀。我们没必要永远活在《权力的游戏》里。所以我们要通过在自己人中间投票来分配权力。」但随后,随着社会不断发展、越来越和平,这个选举权就扩散开来了。它扩散到那些没有土地、没有权力、可能根本没法施加物理暴力的人手里。最终你就走到了人人都能投票的地步。
便签引用
2:55:26
Everybody's voting. and everybody was voting for candy and fairies and you know all the free things in life. Uh and then eventually people start voting to oppress each other. The 51% in in any domain vote to oppress the 49s, the tyranny, the majority. But not all of them are willing to back that up with physical power. And so you can end up in a situation where people who don't have physical power are using the institutions of the state to control the people who do have physical power. as a simple example taking the United States the people who don't have guns voting to disarm the people that do have guns right well if the people who do have guns get coordinated and care enough you can't do that right so I think eventually these societal structures are unstable they break down and they break down because eventually the people who have the power and say no wait a minute you don't get to vote you you only got to vote because you had power and now you don't have power and you're somehow trying to vote
人人都投票。然后大家都投票去要糖果、要仙女,你知道,就是生活中所有免费的东西。接着最终人们开始投票压迫彼此。在任何一个领域里,51% 的人投票去压迫那 49%,也就是多数人的暴政。但他们当中并不是所有人都愿意用物理力量来兜底。于是你就可能陷入这样一种局面:没有物理力量的人在用国家机器去控制那些真正握有物理力量的人。举个简单的例子,拿美国来说,就是没有枪的人投票去解除有枪的人的武装。对吧。可如果那些有枪的人组织起来、而且真的在乎,你就做不到,对吧?所以我认为这些社会结构最终是不稳定的,它们会崩溃。它们崩溃是因为,最终那些握有权力的人会说:不,等一下,你没资格投票,你当初能投票只是因为你有权力,而现在你没有权力了,却还想靠投票来做主。整个自然界、整个社会、整个资本主义、人类的一切活动,底层都是由物理暴力支撑的。而
便签引用
2:56:18
all of nature all of society all of capitalism all of human endeavors are underpinned by physical violence. And that is very hard truth to swallow and hard to get away from. Nature is read in tooth and claw. If you don't fight, you don't survive. You don't live, you die. And that's true of everything alive today. And humans are no different. So giving up physical power and then thinking you can exercise political power fails. Which is why every communist revolution, which is all about equality and kumbaya and brothers and sisters, end up being run by a bunch of thugs. Because if you don't have a way to divide up the wealth based on merit, then it's always going to be based on power and influence. The thugs with the guns always win in the end. So the question is just can you keep the thugs and the with the guns paid and happy and successful society where you're allocating based on merit because if you can't then you do it based on power. So I do think that this battle is not over but that's because it
这个真相非常难以下咽,也很难回避。自然是血牙利爪的。你不战斗,你就活不下来。你不活,就得死。今天所有活着的东西都是如此。人类也不例外。所以放弃了物理力量,还以为自己能行使政治权力,这是行不通的。这也是为什么每一次共产主义革命——口口声声讲平等、讲和睦、讲兄弟姐妹——最后都变成了由一帮暴徒统治。因为如果你没有一套按功劳分配财富的机制,那就永远只能靠权力和影响力来分配。手里有枪的暴徒最后总是赢家。所以问题只在于,你能不能在一个按功劳分配的社会里,让那些手里有枪的暴徒也拿到好处、过得开心、活得体面,因为如果做不到,那就只能靠权力来分配了。所以我确实认为这场较量还没结束,但那是因为
便签引用
2:57:10
it never stopped. It's always been there from day one. It will continue. Is it a battle to not care about the news in an age of news saturation? All of this stuff, headlines 24 hours a day, streamed directly into your consciousness through a device in your pocket. You know, a lot of what we've spoken about today is freedom. Freedom from having to think about things or care about things that you do not have control over or that you shouldn't or that you don't want to. And yet people are just like submerged up to the bottom of their nostrils basically drowning in worry. So how Yeah. Is it is it a battle to sort of stay out of the news when you're saturated in it?
它从来就没停过。从第一天起它就一直存在,而且还会继续下去。在一个新闻过载的时代,不去在意新闻本身也算是一场较量吗?所有这些东西,一天二十四小时不间断的头条,通过你口袋里的设备直接灌进你的意识里。你知道,我们今天聊的很多内容都是关于自由。也就是不必去思考、不必去在意那些你无法控制的、不该去管的、或者你根本不想管的事情的自由。然而人们却像是被淹到只剩鼻孔露在外面,基本上快被焦虑淹死了。所以怎么 是啊。当你整天泡在新闻里的时候,想要置身事外算不算一场较量?
便签引用
2:57:46
Yeah. I mean, as you're saying, the human brain has not evolved to handle all the world's emergencies breaking in real time and you can't care about everything and you'll go insane if you try. Um, doesn't mean you shouldn't care at all. There's no should. I mean, if you want to care, go ahead and care. I would just say that you're probably better off only caring about things that are local or things that you can affect. So, if you really care about something that's in the news, then by all means care about it, but make a difference. Go do something about it. uh and make sure that it's your overwhelming desire and you don't have five other desires at the same time. Um also just realize the consequences of it. You're going to be unhappy until that thing gets fixed and that thing will often be out of your control.
是啊。我的意思是,就像你说的,人类大脑并没有进化到能实时应对全世界所有的突发危机,你不可能什么都在意,硬要什么都在意你会疯掉。嗯,但这不意味着你就该完全不在乎。其实没有什么“该不该”。你想在乎,那就去在乎。我只想说,你可能只去在乎那些身边的事,或者你能真正影响到的事,会活得更好。所以,如果你真的很在意新闻里的某件事,那当然可以去在意,但要拿出实际行动。去为它做点什么。呃,而且要确保那是你压倒一切的渴望,而不是同时还有另外五个别的渴望。嗯,另外也要明白它的代价。在那件事解决之前你都会不快乐,而那件事往往根本不在你的掌控之中。
便签引用
2:58:25
Desire is a contract to be unhappy until you get what you want. But exactly for the most part that's something that is in your life. It's like till I lose the weight until I get the job. Outside too. Yeah. If it's until the carbon dioxide parts per million are below this particular number. It's like that's a that's a tough one. Or all the people with Trump derangement syndrome, right? He's living rentree in their heads and driving them insane. And I get it. I mean, there are politicians who have definitely driven me insane as well. Um, but it comes at a very high cost and is something that is out of your control that you cannot really influence.
渴望就是一纸契约,规定你在得到想要的东西之前必须一直不快乐。但准确地说,大多数时候那指的是你自己生活里的事。比如“等我减下体重”“等我拿到那份工作”。外部的事也一样。是啊。如果是“等到二氧化碳浓度降到某个 ppm 数值以下”,那就那就有点难办了。或者那些得了“特朗普妄想症”的人,对吧?他免费住在人家脑子里,把人逼疯。我也能理解。我是说,确实有些政治人物也把我逼疯过。嗯,但这代价非常高,而且那是你无法掌控、也没法真正去影响的事。
便签引用
2:58:56
Um, so it's probably good to at least be conscious of it. You mentioned uh historians before. One of my friends has a a question, his equivalent of uh Peter Thiel's question of uh what is it that you believe that most people would disagree with? His is what do you think is currently ignored by the media but will be studied by historians? You're asking me that question right now. What do I think is ignored by the media but will be studied by historians? Well, I mean the media is only focused on very timely things, right? So, it depends if you want to talk about timely or timeless, right?
嗯,所以至少对这一点有所自觉,应该是件好事。你刚才提到了历史学家。我有个朋友有一个问题,相当于他版本的 Peter Thiel 那个问题——就是那个“有什么是你相信、但大多数人会反对的观点?”他的问题是:你觉得当下有什么是被媒体忽视、但将来会被历史学家研究的?你现在就是在问我这个问题。我觉得有什么是被媒体忽视、但将来会被历史学家研究的?嗯,我是说媒体只关注非常时效性的东西,对吧?所以这取决于你是想聊时效性的还是永恒的话题,对吧?
便签引用
2:59:39
But as a as a simple example, if I just look at things that maybe the next five or 10 years that are going to make a massive difference that people are not focused enough on. Um, and I think within two years this will be obvious. So, like they make a prediction and predictions are tough, but and I have to eat it in a few years. Yeah, I'm going have to eat eat this in a few years. So, I'm probably wrong, but uh two things that I pay attention to um that I don't think uh a lot of people do pay attention to. Well, there's a couple. One is I think just how bad modern medicine is. I think people just put a lot more faith in modern medicine than is warranted. Like our best ideas for a lot of things are surgery, just cutting things out, right? Uh treating things that are extraneous like, oh, you don't really need a gallbladder, you don't really need an appendix or you don't really need tonsils. Oh, that's false. every the surplus requirement.
不过举个简单的例子,如果我只看那些可能在未来五到十年会带来巨大改变、但大家关注得还不够的事情。嗯,我觉得两年之内这一点就会变得很明显。所以就像是做了个预测,而预测很难,但——过几年我可能得自己打脸。是啊,过几年我可能得吞回这些话。所以我很可能是错的,但是呃,有两件事我很关注,而我觉得大部分人并没有去关注。嗯,有这么几件。一是我觉得现代医学有多糟糕。我觉得人们对现代医学的信心远远超过它应得的程度。比如说,我们对很多问题的最佳方案就是做手术,就是把东西切掉,对吧?呃,处理那些所谓多余的东西,比如说,哦,你其实不需要胆囊,你其实不需要阑尾,或者你其实不需要扁桃体。哦,那是错的。所有这些所谓的多余配置——
便签引用
3:00:25
Human body is very very efficient. All those things are needed. Um you know so I think I think the state of modern medicine is still pretty bad. We don't have many good explanatory theories in biology. Um we have germ theory disease. We have um evolution, we have uh cell theory, we have DNA genetics, um morphogenesis, embryogenesis and not much else. You know there's not much else. Everything else is rules of thumb memorization. A affects B because affects C affects D but we don't understand the underlying explanation.
人体是非常非常高效的。所有那些东西都是必需的。嗯,你知道,所以我觉得现代医学的状况仍然相当糟糕。我们在生物学里没有多少好的解释性理论。嗯,我们有疾病的细菌理论,我们有嗯进化论,我们有呃细胞学说,我们有DNA遗传学,嗯形态发生、胚胎发生,然后就没什么别的了。你知道,没有多少别的了。其余的一切都是经验法则式的死记硬背。A影响B,因为影响C影响D,但我们并不理解底层的解释。
便签引用
3:00:54
It's all just words pointing to words pointing to words. So biology is still in a very sorry state and because we are not allowed to take risk that might kill people. Um we just don't experiment enough in biology. So a lot of treatments are just outright banned by large regulatory bodies. So we just don't have the innovation. So I think we're still in the stone age when it comes to biology and we got a long ways to go. Uh, and I think people will look back agast at this. And I think this is Brian Johnson's point. He's like, you know, let's be more more extreme. Let's try to live forever. We must be more experimental. And I'll start as end of one and start experimenting on myself.
全都只是用词指向词,词再指向词。所以生物学仍然处在非常糟糕的状态,而因为我们不被允许去承担可能害死人的风险。嗯,我们在生物学上就是实验得不够。所以很多疗法被大型监管机构直接禁掉了。所以我们就没有创新。所以我觉得在生物学这件事上我们还处在石器时代,还有很长的路要走。呃,我觉得后人回看这段时期会感到震惊。我觉得这也是Brian Johnson的观点。他说,你知道,我们要更极端一点。我们要努力做到长生不老。我们必须更敢于实验。我就从我自己这个样本量为一的个体开始,拿自己做实验。
便签引用
3:01:27
And um, but even there, I disagree with Brian in many things like, you know, taking huge amounts of supplements. I think we just don't know supplements outside of their natural context like just eat liver, man. Right. Um, but that's fine. And and I wouldn't be vegan either, but you know, it's it's I I really appreciate that he's experimenting. He's good naturatured about he shares everything. So we need more people like that. Um so I think the state of biology people will look back and say wow that was in the dark ages.
然后嗯,不过即便如此,我在很多事情上也不同意Brian,比如说,你知道的,吃巨量的补剂。我觉得我们对脱离了天然来源的补剂根本不了解,就吃肝脏嘛,老兄。对吧。嗯,但那也没关系。而且我也不会去当素食主义者,但你知道,这个,我真的很欣赏他在做实验。他心态很好,什么都公开分享。所以我们需要更多这样的人。嗯,所以我觉得后人回看生物学的现状会说,哇,那真是处在黑暗时代。
便签引用
3:01:52
Um I think uh another uh another thing that we'll look back on is I think we we still continue to underestimate how important drones are going to be in warfare. The future of all warfare is drones. There will be nothing else on the battlefield. Um because I think of the end state of drones as autonomous bullets. Not even guided autonomous like they're self-directed. Uh, and so if that's the future we're headed towards, and that's a it is dist. Why would you have an armed force that's there's going to be no there's there's going to be no aircraft carriers, there's going to be no tanks, there's going to be no infantry men, there's just going to be autonomous bullets. Buy autonomous bullets against your autonomous bullets. Whichever ones win, the other side just surrenders cuz it's over. Um, I think that's the second piece of it. I think a a third piece that is going to be uh kind of unexpected is the GLP1s, which I know you and I have privately discussed before. I think these are the most
嗯,我觉得呃另一件呃我们将来回看会感慨的事情是,我觉得我们仍然一直在低估无人机在战争中会有多重要。所有战争的未来都是无人机。战场上不会再有别的东西。嗯,因为我把无人机的终极形态想象成自主子弹。甚至不是制导的自主,而是它们自我导向。呃,所以如果那就是我们正在走向的未来,就是这样,这就是……你为什么还要养一支军队呢?以后不会再有航母了,不会再有——不会再有坦克,不会再有步兵,只会有自主子弹。用自主子弹去对抗对方的自主子弹。谁赢了,另一边就直接投降,因为已经结束了。嗯,我觉得这是第二点。我觉得第三点,可能有点出人意料的,是 GLP-1 类药物,我知道你和我私下讨论过。我认为这是自抗生素以来
便签引用
3:02:40
breakthrough drugs since antibiotics. Um, they're probably more important than statins. They're sort of miracle drugs. They seem to the there there are downsides, but the downsides and side effects are so minor compared to the upsides beyond just weight loss. Um, they also seem to be addiction breakers. They seem to lower many kinds of cancer. They almost metabolically reverse aging up to a certain point. Um, and I think they're going to bend the curve on health care costs. And uh the big question people are going to be asking over the next 5 years is why are Americans paying thousands of dollars a month for this when people overseas are getting them for free or I can order them from China for free or whatever. Um and maybe it like if I were Bernie Sanders the platform I would be running on is I would say okay we're going to pay you know hundreds of billions of dollars to Novo and Eli Liy and we're just going to make these free or there's hundreds of analoges of these things that work. These are not going to be,
最具突破性的药物。嗯,它们的重要性可能超过他汀类药物。它们算是某种神奇药物。它们似乎——确实有缺点,但相比于它们带来的好处(远不止减重),这些缺点和副作用都太微不足道了。嗯,它们似乎还能打破成瘾。它们似乎能降低多种癌症的风险。它们几乎能在代谢层面逆转衰老,到某个程度为止。嗯,我认为它们会压低医疗支出的增长曲线。而且未来五年大家会问的一个大问题是:为什么美国人每个月要为此花几千美元,而海外的人却能免费拿到,或者我能从中国免费订到之类的。嗯,而且也许……如果我是伯尼·桑德斯,我竞选的纲领就是:好,我们要向诺和诺德和礼来支付几千亿美元,然后我们就把这些药做成免费的;或者说,还有几百种有效的同类似物。这些药不会
便签引用
3:03:31
you know, limited to just the few that are that are being used today. Just take one of them or two of them, make them free, and I think it'll make a big difference. And, uh, as you and I were discussing earlier, uh, this does bend a lot of people out of shape who got there the oldfashioned way, and they want to see obesity as a moral failing on people's parts and it lowers their status if they are suddenly signal is less of a signal. Yeah. Correct. Absolutely. Yeah. So, so they're incented to say, "Oh, well, you don't know the downsides." it's, you know, it's irresponsible to suggest it's going to cause cancer. Have fun losing bone and muscle mass. But none of that stuff is really true. The cancer stuff is actually beneficial on. I know people who are now taking these things for anti-aging reasons. Um, they're already fit, but they just want to age better and have a stronger insulin metabolism.
只局限于今天在用的那几种。随便挑一种或两种,把它们免费提供,我觉得这会带来很大的改变。还有,呃,就像我们刚才聊的,这确实让很多人很不爽——那些用老办法做到(保持身材)的人,他们想把肥胖看成是个人的道德缺陷,而如果突然之间他们的地位被拉低了,这个信号就不再是个信号了。是啊。没错,完全正确。所以他们就有动机说:“哦,你根本不知道那些副作用。”“建议别人用太不负责任了,这会致癌。”“祝你享受骨量和肌肉流失吧。”但这些说法其实都不成立。癌症方面的证据其实是有益的一边。我认识一些人现在吃这些药是为了抗衰老。嗯,他们本来就很健美,只是想让自己老得更好,胰岛素代谢更强。
便签引用
3:04:14
Um, and there's evidence now these things are, you know, they put off dementia, Alzheimer's, colon cancer. It's insane. Cardiovascular disease, like the the list of benefits is insane. There's no free lunch. But this is a class of drugs that prevents you from taking other drugs into your body. It prevents you from taking uh you know too much sugar, too many calories in an era of abundance, prevents you from smoking, prevents you from even uh there's an organization called Casper that is now doing a study on heroin addictions and they're showing that this can lower opioid overdoses and heroin addiction. So there's a lot of overwhelming medical evidence coming out and I think I don't I don't know the exact number but I think something like 10% of the population might not have tried these things.
嗯,现在还有证据表明这些药能推迟痴呆、阿尔茨海默病、结肠癌。太夸张了。还有心血管疾病,这个好处清单简直离谱。天下没有免费的午餐。但这是一类能阻止你往身体里摄入其他东西的药。它能阻止你摄入太多糖、在这个物质过剩的时代摄入太多热量,阻止你抽烟,甚至还能阻止你——有个叫 Casper 的机构现在正在做一项关于海洛因成瘾的研究,他们发现这能降低阿片类药物过量和海洛因成瘾。所以现在有大量压倒性的医学证据出来了,我不太清楚确切数字,但我觉得大概只有 10% 的人口还没试过这些药。
便签引用
3:05:02
I think that's the number that I' seen as well. It's massive. I think it's about 50% of the population say that they would like to try it. Exactly. So uh I think the body positivity movement is dead and we always kind of knew it was a scam. I mean it's dying very very quickly. Yeah. Equipped like you can never be too rich, too thin or too clean, right? And immediately like a whole bunch of people went nonlinear my mention like what do you mean too thin and what about the hygiene hypothesis and you know obviously there's always exceptions but people want to be thin and fit and people want to be clean back to the pathogen discussion that we had.
我看到的数字也是这个。规模非常大。我记得大约有 50% 的人说他们愿意尝试。没错。所以我觉得“身体自爱”运动已经死了,我们其实一直都知道那是个骗局。我是说,它正在非常非常快地消亡。是啊。有句俏皮话说,人永远不嫌太有钱、太瘦、太干净,对吧?结果我一提这个,一大堆人立刻就炸了:什么叫“太瘦”?那卫生假说怎么说?当然总会有例外,但人们就是想又瘦又健美,人们就是想干净,这又回到我们之前聊的病原体话题了。
便签引用
3:05:32
Um so I think overall that there's going to be huge demand for these things and our modern medical system is not built to supply these. Well, I'm not I'm not I don't hold it against the phases. I think the farmers did their job by creating the thing, but I think next we need to step up and figure out how to make it broadly and cheaply available as opposed to just milk it for only for, you know, people on obesity who can get Medicare to sign off for it or people paying out of pocket at very very high prices.
嗯,所以我觉得总体上这些药会有巨大的需求,而我们现代的医疗体系并不是为供应它们而设计的。不过我并不怪药企。我觉得药厂已经做好了它们的本职工作,把药造出来了,但我认为接下来我们需要站出来,想办法让它大范围、低成本地供应,而不是只拿它来榨取利润,只服务那些能让医保批下来的肥胖患者,或者那些自掏腰包出高价的人。
便签引用
3:06:00
Yeah. Um the the benefits of societal distribution of the safer GLP ones is so large that whichever politicians uh tackles that is going to be richly rewarded. Well, obesity is the number one source of malnutrition worldwide. There's twice as many people that are obese than are starving. So about half a billion people are starving in a billion. So many problems are downstream of that. Like you know, look at how much of the federal budget goes into diialysis because of kidney failure. And why is that? It's because of diabetes, right?
是啊。嗯,让更安全的 GLP-1 类药物在全社会普及,好处实在太大了,哪个政客能解决这件事,都会得到丰厚的回报。要知道,肥胖是全球营养不良的头号来源。肥胖的人数是饥饿人数的两倍。大约有五亿人在挨饿,而肥胖的有十亿。太多问题都是从这里衍生出来的。比如说,看看联邦预算里有多少钱花在了肾衰竭导致的透析上。为什么会这样?因为糖尿病,对吧?
便签引用
3:06:28
So so many of the problems that we have in modern society are downstream of obesity. And you know this like fitness is so important. Uh and yes, there's in some people these things call mus cause muscle and bone loss, but not in the people who are eating high protein and working out hard. So it they can be taken a way that's safer. And some versions of these like literal glutai, the original one, they've been around for decades, and the others have been around for about a decade. So and we already have, as you said, 10% of the population taking them. So they're already quite widely distributed.
所以现代社会我们面临的很多问题,其实都是肥胖的下游产物。而且你也知道,健身太重要了。呃,是的,确实有些人吃这些药会造成肌肉和骨量流失,但那些高蛋白饮食、认真训练的人不会。所以是可以用更安全的方式来服用的。而且有些版本,比如利拉鲁肽,也就是最早那一代,已经存在几十年了,其他的也有大约十年了。所以,而且我们已经有,像你说的,10% 的人口在服用。所以它们其实已经相当普及了。
便签引用
3:06:57
A good sample size. Yeah, it's a great sample size. What more do you need? Like if if you if you have a bacterial infection that's eating you, I don't say, "Oh, I have this antibiotic, but it's going to raise your blood pressure." It's like, "No, take the antibiotic." If you're going to kill yourself, I say, "Take this antisycchotic and stay alive a little longer and solve it." I don't say, "Oh, it's going to, you know, cause your heart rate to go up by three beats a minute. I don't worry about that." So similarly, if you're poisoning yourself with toxins and overuse of substances that you shouldn't be using, either heroin, alcohol, cigarettes, sugar, or just sheer calories, um, take this GLP1.
样本量不错。是啊,样本量非常好。你还想要什么呢?打个比方,如果你被细菌感染吞噬,我不会说:“哦,我有这个抗生素,但它会让你血压升高。”而是:“别废话,吃抗生素。”如果你要自杀,我会说:“吃这个抗精神病药,多活一阵子,把问题解决掉。”我不会说:“哦,这会让你心率每分钟快三下。”我根本不担心那个。同样地,如果你正在用毒素和过量的东西毒害自己——不管是海洛因、酒精、香烟、糖,还是纯粹的卡路里——那就吃这个 GLP-1 吧。
便签引用
3:07:31
Uh, they also improve digestion. You just have less cal, just less food matter going through your stomach. They lower cancer risks across the board. There's quite a few cancers that lower. Um, cardiovasc I mean, I don't know what else to tell you. I've been very surprised by the negative reception whenever you have a conversation about GLP1s and I think a lot of it may be people who and and well think about how many sacred cows are being gored right all the people who are basically saying uh you should work harder you should be fit like I did right it's lowering their status think about all the nutritionists and doctors and trainers who are now being you know it's too easy they're being put out of business in a way right uh it's kind of like why does the American military keep buying aircraft carriers, right? In the age of drones, um there's an incentive bias. There's a very strong motivated reasoning. Uh but it doesn't matter. 10% people are on it.
呃,它们还能改善消化。通过你胃里的食物就是更少了。它们能全面降低癌症风险。有相当多种癌症的风险会下降。嗯,心血管……我是说,我真不知道还能怎么说。每次聊到 GLP-1,我都对那些负面反应感到非常意外,我觉得其中很大一部分原因是——想想这动了多少人的奶酪,对吧?所有那些说“你应该更努力、你应该像我一样保持身材”的人,这拉低了他们的地位。再想想那些营养师、医生、教练,他们现在会说“这太容易了”,某种意义上他们的饭碗被砸了,对吧?这有点像:为什么美国军方还在不停地买航母?对吧?在无人机时代。嗯,这里存在激励偏差,有非常强的动机性推理。但那不重要。已经有 10% 的人在用了。
便签引用
3:08:24
Uh everybody wants to be fit. It's going to spread like wildfire. M we I was just thinking as you were talking that you know when we think about health and a lot of people kind of get captured by the way that they were brought up the the the habits that they had from their childhood or what mom and dad did or genetic predisposition and stuff like that. I think um you have as many reasons as as many people to sort of feel hard done by by challenges that you had earlier on in in your life. Is getting past your past a skill? Sort of not being owned today by your history.
呃,每个人都想身材好。它会像野火一样蔓延。嗯,你刚才说的时候我在想,我们谈健康的时候,很多人某种程度上被自己的成长方式所困——被童年养成的习惯、被爸妈的做法、被遗传倾向之类的东西困住。我觉得,嗯,你和很多人一样,有充分的理由觉得自己早年经历过的困难很不公平。那么,走出过去算是一种能力吗?也就是今天不再被自己的历史所支配。
便签引用
3:08:58
Sort of not having that victimhood mentality. Yeah, I I did have a uh tough childhood, but I don't think about it. You know, I I think there are a couple of things going on there. One is I did process it quite a bit. I thought about it, but I thought about it to get rid of it. I didn't think about it to dwell on it or to like indulge. Yeah. I wanted to be successful. I wanted more than anything else to rise past that. And so I couldn't have that as a burden on me. So I had to get rid of it. So to the extent that I dealt with it, it was to it was for the express purpose of getting rid of it, not to create an identity or story or to reflect upon it or to say look at me, look at what I've accomplished and look how great I am and what I've done. So I got rid of it and I think at some point you you wrestle with that thing and then you just realize like you're never going to untangle the whole thing. It's a Gordian knot problem. uh like Alexander you know found that tangled knot in India and uh they said oh the famous
也就是不抱有那种受害者心态。是的,我小时候确实过得挺苦,但我不去想它。你知道,我觉得这里有几件事。一是我确实做了不少梳理。我想过这件事,但我想它是为了摆脱它。我不是为了沉溺其中,或者说自我放纵地去想它。是的。我想成功。我比什么都更想超越那一切。所以我不能让它成为我的负担。所以我必须摆脱它。因此,我处理它的程度,完全是为了明确的目的——摆脱它,而不是为了塑造某种身份或故事,也不是为了反复回味,或者说“看看我”,“看看我取得的成就,看我多了不起,看我做成了什么”。所以我把它扔掉了。我觉得到某个时候,你和那个东西搏斗一番,然后你就会意识到,你永远也解不开那整团乱麻。这是一个戈尔迪之结的问题。呃,就像亚历山大,据说他在印度发现了那个打结的绳结,人们说,
便签引用
3:09:49
conqueror will come and will untie this knot nobody else can untie the knot and he took one look at it pulled out a sword and just cut it. So at some point you just have to cut your past if your past is bothering you you will eventually get tired of trying to untangle that knot and you will just drop it because you will realize life is short and the more you have more you want to accomplish in this life actually the less time you have to unravel that thing. So I just wanted to actually get things done. So I had no time to deal with it. So I just cut it. It's like a really bad relationship. But in this case, it's a bad relationship with your own history. So you just drop it.
著名的征服者将会到来并解开这个结,别人谁都解不开——而他看了一眼,抽出剑,直接把它砍断了。所以到某个时候,如果你的过去一直困扰你,你就得把它一刀斩断。你最终会厌倦去解那个结,然后你就会直接放下,因为你会意识到人生苦短,而且你越是想在这辈子完成更多事,你能用来拆解那团乱麻的时间反而越少。所以我只是想真正把事情做成。我没时间去纠结它。所以我就把它斩断了。这就像一段很糟糕的关系。只不过在这里,糟糕的关系对象是你自己的过去。所以你直接放下就好。
便签引用
3:10:20
Yeah. I think you know so much of what we've spoken about today is on the shortness of life and uh the fact that every moment is precious. You had to take about um that the most fundamental resource in your life is not time, it's attention. That's right. I used to think, you know, the currency of life, right? People think it's money and yes, money is important and it does let you trade certain things for time, but it doesn't really buy you time. Ask Warren Buffett how much time money can buy you or Michael Bloomberg. They're, you know, rich as Scrooge and and Chris, but they can't buy more time, right? Brian Johnson, notwithstanding.
是啊。我觉得我们今天聊的很多内容都关于人生的短暂,以及每一刻都很宝贵这件事。你说过,嗯,你人生中最根本的资源不是时间,而是注意力。没错。我以前会想,人生的货币是什么,对吧?人们以为是钱,钱确实重要,它确实能让你用某些东西换来时间,但它并不能真正买到时间。你去问问沃伦·巴菲特,钱能给你买来多少时间,或者问问迈克尔·布隆伯格。他们,你知道,富可敌国,但他们买不到更多时间,对吧?当然,布莱恩·约翰逊那种情况另说。
便签引用
3:10:55
Um, so you can't trade money for time. Money is not the real currency of life. And time itself doesn't even mean that much because as we talked about before, a lot of time can be wasted because you're not really present for it. You're not paying attention. So the real currency of life is attention. It's what you choose to pay attention to and and and what you do about it. And so back to the point about the news media, you can put your attention on the news, but that's how you're spending the real currency of life. So just be aware of that. If you want to, that's fine. There's no there's no right or wrong here. Like maybe it is your destiny to pick something in the news, learn about that problem, adopt that problem, and solve it. But just be careful because your attention is the only thing that you have and that can also be captured by your own past. It Yes. You can fritter it away on anything you like.
嗯,所以你没法用钱换时间。钱不是人生真正的货币。而时间本身其实也没那么重要,因为就像我们之前聊的,很多时间会被浪费掉,因为你并没有真正在场。你没有在投入注意力。所以人生真正的货币是注意力。是你选择把注意力放在什么上,以及你为此做了什么。所以回到新闻媒体那个话题:你可以把注意力放在新闻上,但那就是你在花掉人生真正的货币。所以要有这个意识。如果你愿意那样做,也没问题。这里没有对错。也许你命中注定就是要从新闻里挑出一件事,去了解那个问题,把它当成自己的问题,然后去解决它。但要小心,因为注意力是你唯一拥有的东西,而它同样可能被你自己的过去劫持。是的。你可以把它随便挥霍在任何事情上。
便签引用
3:11:49
Is there an advantage to starting out as a loser? Uh absolutely. Yeah. Yeah. cuz if you're because if you're a loser then you'll want to be a winner and then you'll develop all the characteristics that will help you be a you know quote unquote winner in life. That said, I wouldn't sentence my kids to it. Like I don't think you can artificially do that. You know, it's it's sort of like imagine that you were you know 300 years ago you're born a surf and then somehow you managed to escape off the farm and you become a land owner and then eventually you become minor nobility and aristocrat. Are you going to put your kids back on the farm and say you're going to be a surf again? I know they all like those stories. the the kids themselves like those stories because it says I came from the school of hard knocks. My dad made me go shovel hay for a summer. It's not real. I mean, you're not going to trick them. Um I think what you can all you can do is kind of uh cultivate an appreciation and gratitude
一开始就是个失败者,有好处吗?呃,绝对有。是的,是的。因为如果你是个失败者,你就会想成为赢家,然后你就会培养出所有那些能帮你成为所谓“人生赢家”的特质。话虽如此,我不会让我的孩子去受那个罪。我也不认为你能人为制造那种处境。你知道,这就好比,想象你在三百年前生为一个农奴,然后不知怎么逃离了农庄,成了地主,再后来成了小贵族。你会把自己的孩子送回农庄,说你得再去当一回农奴吗?我知道大家都喜欢那种故事。孩子自己也喜欢那种故事,因为说我是从苦日子里熬出来的。我爸让我去铲了一个夏天的干草。这不是真的。我的意思是,你骗不了他们。呃,我觉得你能做的,就是培养一种对自己所拥有的一切的欣赏和感恩。
便签引用
3:12:36
for what you have. And the only way to do that is just evidence it yourself, right? Just show yourself how you spend money, how you respect it, what you do with it, how you take care of people, who you're responsible for. and and and the more resources you have, the greater the tribe you can take care of. The more of the tribe you can take care of. So when you have no resources, you're struggling to take care of yourself. And at that point, it's good to be selfish cuz you can't save somebody else if you can't even save yourself. Yes.
而唯一的办法就是你自己去证明它,对吧?就是向自己展示你怎么花钱、怎么尊重钱、拿它做什么、怎么照顾别人、你对谁负责。而且你拥有的资源越多,你能照顾的部落就越大。你能照顾部落里越多的人。所以当你一无所有时,你连养活自己都很吃力。在那个阶段,自私一点是好事,因为如果你连自己都救不了,就救不了别人。是的。
便签引用
3:13:04
So you take care of yourself and you become the best version of yourself. But there are too many men who are able, fit, and have some money who are doing nothing with their lives. They're just sitting at home doing nothing, just indulging in themselves. Maybe they go on dates and they get Door Dash. Like I have no respect for that. I think there's nothing worse in society than a lazy man because he's sort of he's sort of leaving it all on the table. He's leaving his potential on the table. It's bad for him. So the next thing you do is you go and you have a family and you take care of your family. Take care of that tribe. Then you take care of your extended family. You take care of your cousins, brothers, uncles, grandmothers, aunts, you know, sisters, everybody that you can. And then if you have more resources beyond that, then you go take care of your local tribe. You take care of your people. Um you start trying to do some good for the world. And if you have more resource than that, you go
所以你先照顾好自己,成为最好的自己。但有太多身体健全、体格不错、也有点钱的男人,却在虚度人生。他们只是坐在家里无所事事,只是沉溺于自我享乐。也许他们去约约会,点点 Door Dash 外卖。这种人我一点都看不起。我觉得社会上没有什么比一个懒惰的男人更糟糕的了,因为他等于把一切都白白浪费了。他把自己的潜力白白浪费了。这对他自己不好。所以接下来你要做的,就是组建家庭,照顾好你的家人。照顾好那个部落。然后你照顾你的大家庭。你照顾你的表亲、兄弟、叔伯、祖母、姑姨,还有姐妹,所有你力所能及的人。然后如果你还有余力,有更多资源,你就去照顾你所在的本地社群。照顾你的同胞。呃,你开始试着为这个世界做点好事。如果你的资源还更多,那你就去照顾一个更大的部落。
便签引用
3:13:47
take care of an even bigger tribe. And that's how you earn both respect and self-confidence and you live up to your potential. So the the more you have, the more is rightfully expected of you. And I think it's a good compact with society when highly capable people express and flex that capability by giving more and more and by doing more and more. And society rewards them with the one thing they can't get otherwise which is status. Right? So society should give you status in exchange for it. Um, they should say, "Okay, you did a good job. You took care of more people than than just yourself and just the people immediately around you." Uh, and that's what an alpha male to me is. An alpha male is not the one who gets to eat first. The alpha male eats last. The alpha male feeds everybody else first and then gets to eat last. And they do that out of their own self-respect and pride. And society rewards them by calling them an alpha and giving them status.
这就是你赢得他人尊重和自信的方式,也是你不辜负自身潜力的方式。所以你拥有得越多,社会对你的合理期待也就越高。我觉得这是一份和社会之间很好的契约:当有能力的人展现并施展这份能力,去给予得越来越多、做得越来越多,社会就会用一样他们靠别的方式得不到的东西来回报他们,那就是地位。对吧?所以社会应该以地位作为交换给你。呃,社会应该说:“好,你干得不错。你照顾的不只是你自己和身边的那些人,而是更多的人。”呃,这才是我心目中的 alpha male(头狼型男人)。alpha male 不是那个能第一个吃饭的人。alpha male是最后一个吃的。alpha male 先让所有人吃饱,自己最后才吃。而他们这么做,是出于自尊和骄傲。社会则用“alpha”这个称呼和地位来回报他们。
便签引用
3:14:36
I wonder whether some of the push back that we've got against uh rich, wealthy, powerful people is disincentivizing. Uh it is like who was it? Zuck who you know donated money at Zuckerberg General's hospital and they wanted to pull his name off of it. I mean that's I didn't see that but that's that kind of stuff backfires right you you should reward people for doing what were you saying before you don't just need to in fact actually actively avoid castigating people if you want their behavior to change when they get something wrong. Look at reinforcing it when they get something right. It's happening at a a societal level as well.
我在想,我们对有钱人、富豪、权贵的那些抵触情绪,是不是在削弱激励。呃,就像是谁来着?扎克吧,他捐钱建了扎克伯格综合医院,结果人们想把他的名字从上面撤掉。我是说,那件事我没看到,但那种做法会适得其反,对吧?你应该奖励那些做好事的人。你之前说的是什么来着——你不仅不需要,实际上还应该主动避免在别人做错事时去谴责他们,如果你想改变他们的行为的话。要在他们做对的时候去强化它。这种现象在整个社会层面上也在发生。
便签引用
3:15:08
Correct. I mean, like the the guys who make a lot of money and go out and buy sports teams, I wouldn't do that, right? But the one who goes out and builds a hospital or builds a rocket to take people to the moon, uh, you know, or rescue some astronauts, you should be rewarding him for that. Mhm. Naval, I really appreciate you. Uh, I hope that this has lived up to whatever weird daydreams you've been having. Um, what have you got coming up? What can people expect from you over the next however long?
没错。我的意思是,那些赚了很多钱然后去买体育球队的人,我不会那么做,对吧?但那个去建医院的人,或者造火箭送人上月球的人,呃,或者去营救宇航员的人,你应该为此奖励他。嗯。纳瓦尔,我真的很感谢你。呃,我希望这次谈话没有辜负你之前那些奇奇怪怪的白日梦。呃,你接下来有什么计划?在接下来这段时间里,大家能从你这儿期待些什么?
便签引用
3:15:36
Expect nothing. That's the most naval way that we could have finished this, dude. It's uh it's been a long time coming and I really do appreciate you for being here today. But I do hope you deliver something. Oh, I think you have. So, thank you. Thanks for having me. Thank you, too. Thanks for getting in my mind. And hopefully now you're out. We'll see. Maybe even worse now you've got the real memories to stick. I don't know. The reason to win the game is to be free of it. The reason The reason to do the podcast is to be is to be done with it.
什么都别期待。老兄,这是我们能想到的最“纳瓦尔式”的结尾了。呃,这一期真是等了很久,我真的很感谢你今天能来。不过我还是希望你能拿出点东西来。哦,我觉得你已经拿出来了。所以,谢谢你。谢谢你邀请我。我也谢谢你。谢谢你钻进我的脑子里。希望现在你已经出来了。走着瞧吧。说不定现在更糟了,因为你有了真实的记忆,反而更难忘掉。我不知道。赢得这场游戏的意义在于摆脱它。做这期播客的意义在于……在于了结它。
便签引用
3:16:03
All right. Wow. You made it to the end. Congratulations. Well, if you enjoyed that, you're going to love my fulllength conversation with the one and only Alander Boton from the School of Life right here. Go on. [Music]
好了。哇,你居然听到了最后。恭喜。那么,如果你喜欢这一期,你一定会爱上我和独一无二的阿兰·德波顿(来自 School of Life 人生学校)的完整对话,就在这里。请继续。[音乐]
便签引用
视频总结 · 一句话概括与核心要点

一句话概括

Naval Ravikant 在这场三小时对谈中系统推翻了"先痛苦成功、再换取幸福"的主流剧本,主张幸福与成功并非权衡而是彼此放大,并给出一套可执行的操作系统:玩正和的财富游戏而非零和的地位游戏、把日历清零以服从灵感、用理解替代纪律、用迭代次数替代苦熬时长。

核心要点

  • "幸福来自满足、成功来自不满"这句他自己的旧名言,他当场撤回。 开场第一句他就说"我不再确定这个说法成立",理由是亲身经验:变得更平静之后他并没有停止行动,而是想做"更大、更纯粹、更只有我能做"的事。他给的替代公式是——你牺牲幸福去换成功,而成功的目的又是换回幸福;把等式两边的"成功"消掉,这笔交易本身就是空转。
  • 苦难本身不是进度,把疼痛当作进度代理是一种成瘾。 他区分肉体疼痛(真实、无法忽略)与"suffering"(纯粹的心理抗拒,本质是"你不想做手头这件事")。他的时间旅行练习:回到 5/10/15/20 年前的自己,不带未来信息(不许"早买比特币"),只问会改动什么。他的答案是——所有事都照做,但少一点愤怒、少一点内耗,因为那部分是可选的、非必需的。
  • 地位游戏零和且无法退出,财富游戏正和且可以"通关"。 狩猎采集时代不存在储存财富,只有地位阶梯,所以人类在生物层面被硬编码去追地位;财富创造要靠新皮层理解,是后来的事。关键不对称:财富可以在某个水平被满足并停止,地位永远不会——人会一直想要更多地位。所以他的建议顺序是先致富、再要名,靠涨粉变现是更难的路。名气最好是副产品:为部落做事换来的名气才稳固,纯为出名而出名的空壳名气会让你恐惧失去、被迫表演。
  • 一致性是陷阱:学习的本质就是纠错,所以你注定大部分时候是错的。 他把撒谎与犯错切开——被抓到前后矛盾若源于更新认知,无妨;若源于为抬高地位而撒谎,就会困在镜厅里,最终对自己也撒谎。他点名自己最贵的品质是骄傲:骄傲阻止你承认错误,于是你被困在局部最优。反例是那些能反复归零的人——他引用马斯克把 PayPal 卖出的 2 亿美元拆成 1 亿给 SpaceX、8000 万给 Tesla、2000 万给 SolarCity,然后借钱付房租。
  • 日历归零是生产力手段,不只是自由的奢侈品。 他删掉了日历、不设闹钟、用自动回复告知"我不看邮件,也别发短信"、妻子被授权对一切邀约回答"他自己决定"。理由是节奏:他清醒后前 4 小时能量最高留给硬问题,中间 4 小时运动或临时安排的会,最后 4 小时陪孩子放松。一个钉死在下午 2 点的会议会"像一坨东西躺在日历上",毁掉前后各 20 分钟并让整天变成赶场。更硬的一条原则是灵感易腐,必须当场行动——想写就写,想学就立刻下载书、打开 ChatGPT,因为等到你安排的那个小时,你已经换了心情。
  • 选择的成本被严重低估:四年的决定值得用一年去想。 他指出人类被锁进多年周期(大学四年、股权归属四年、律师执业四十年、有了孩子就是终身),但决策时间普遍只有一两个月。参照"秘书问题":约三分之一处设定基准线,此后遇到达标者就出手;而关键在于它不是按时间算的,是按迭代次数算的——所以要快速试、快速止损。同理他把"一万小时"改写为"一万次迭代",并强调迭代≠重复:迭代是带着修正再做一次,即纠错。三个最该慎重的早期决定是:和谁在一起、做什么、住在哪里——住哪儿决定了朋友圈、择偶池、工作机会、空气和食物质量,却往往是被最随意决定的那个。
  • 默认答案是"否";两难时选短期更痛的那条。 他的三条决策启发式:(1)拿不定主意就是不;(2)A、B 看起来势均力敌时选短期更痛苦的,因为大脑会系统性放大迫在眉睫的痛("mañana"偏误);(3)选长期让你更平静、内心自我对话更少的那条(他把第三条归功于 Kapil Gupta)。配套的是"通过真实性逃离竞争"——找到"对你像玩、在别人看来像工作"的事,并把自己产品化。
  • 理解胜过纪律,观察胜过改变。 身体层面纪律有用,但心智层面一旦你真正看见某个真相就再也看不见不了,行为会瞬间改变——远比靠重复去驯化自己高效。与此配套的是"不要反复想自己":反思若让心智更清明就值得,若让心智更拥挤就是在喂养那头永不满足的野兽;关于治疗,他的判据同样是"疏通后结束"还是"永远在同一件事上打转"。压力的定义也被他机械化了:钢梁承压是因为被两个方向同时拉扯,心理压力同理——两个冲突的欲望;焦虑则是大量未解决压力堆积成山后露出的冰山一角。
  • 哲学悖论多半源于"在被提问的层级之外作答"。 自由意志、人生意义之所以看起来无解,是因为问题由此时此地的一个人提出,答案却从宇宙和无限时间的视角给出。他的规则:问题应在它被提出的那个层级上回答——个人问有没有自由意志,答案是有;宇宙问,答案是没有。他还举了哲学本身会进步的证据:地心说与宇宙浩瀚会导出不同的世界观,道德哲学上蓄奴从普遍到近乎全面废止。
  • 他点名三件被媒体忽视、会被历史书写的事。 (1)现代医学远比人们以为的糟糕——生物学只有胚胎发生、细胞学说、演化、遗传、病菌理论等寥寥几个真正的解释性理论,其余是经验规则的堆叠,加上不允许冒致死风险导致实验不足;(2)无人机将吞掉全部战场,终局是"自主子弹",航母、坦克、步兵都会消失;(3)GLP-1 是自抗生素以来最具突破性的药物,效果远超减重——打断成瘾、降低多类癌症与心血管风险、延缓痴呆,他估计已有约 10% 人口用过。他认为对它的抵触很大程度来自动机性推理:靠苦练获得身材的人、营养师与教练的地位受到贬值。

结论与值得注意的细节

关于自尊的操作定义:自尊是你与自己之间的声誉。 你无时无刻不在观察自己,若违背自己用来要求别人的道德准则,自尊就会受损;最快的修复方式是严格活出自己的准则,以及为他人做出牺牲。他回看一生真正自豪的时刻少得可怜,且都不是物质成就或学到的东西,而是为所爱之人或事牺牲的那些瞬间。相关的一个反直觉判断:"爱人"的感觉比"被爱"更好——被爱有点黏腻、让人想推开,爱人则是扩张的,而且你随时可以自己制造它,问题只出在渴望"接收"。

"整体性自私"是他接受的标签。 主持人小心翼翼地描述他"毫不歉疚地把自己放在第一位",他直接回答"自私就自私,我很自私,别联系我"。但他把它接到责任阶梯上:资源少时先照顾自己(救不了自己就救不了别人),然后家庭、大家庭、本地部落、更大的部落;"社会应当用地位来回报这种扩张",而真正的 alpha 是最后吃饭的那一个。他也说得很重:"社会上没有比一个有能力、有体魄、有点钱却什么都不做的懒男人更糟的东西。"

几个值得单拎出来的判断:

  • 智力的唯一真实测试是"你是否得到了你想要的",而这有两半——知道怎么得到,以及想要对的东西(存在大量"安慰奖",赢了反而带来新麻烦)。
  • 亲密关系里,如果对方的理由能被具体清晰地列举(他打高尔夫、她是芭蕾舞者、他上过哈佛),那是简历项不是理由;越是难以言说,越接近真爱。真正该对齐的是价值观——父母生病是接来同住还是送养老院这类不可妥协的选择。
  • 关于孩子:他的唯一目标是给予无条件的爱、保有高自尊、以及不剥夺能动性——"我宁愿要野狼也不要训练有素的狗,因为我不会一直在场照顾他们。"教学方法是教可解释的理论而非规则(用病菌理论一次性统摄掉刷牙、洗手、捂嘴咳嗽所有卫生条例)。他还批评"哭到睡着"和反对同睡是 IYI(受过度教育却反常识)的产物。
  • 他反对把生育率下降当作需要主动对抗的问题:人们是选择少生,不是失去生育能力;真正的下游问题是退休金结构。他援引 Scott Adams 的"慢速灾难定律"——足够慢且人人可见的灾难,经济与激励会自行解决。
  • 关于 AI:他认为 LLM 是计算范式的根本突破(解决了搜索、自然语言编程、翻译、转录、驾驶),但不做创造——"每一首 LLM 写的诗都是垃圾",且它们不擅长提炼本质、没有观点。他不认为从这里到 AGI 有直路,并认为 ASI 是幻想。他引用 Dwarkesh Patel 的说法:给任何人类 LLM 所消耗内容的万分之一,都能产出上千个新想法。
  • 对话的元层: 这期是 Naval 主动联系主持人邀约录制的——他说自己在脑中演练播客时,对面坐的一直是这个人,原因他自己也不知道。他还坦白录制前想过重读旧推文以便"表达得漂亮",随即识破那是在背诵自己以扮演自己,遂放弃。结尾被问接下来有什么计划,他的回答是"什么都别期待"。
核心句型 · 8
1. not wanting X is as good as having X
“Not wanting something is as good as having it”
用「A 与 B 一样好」把两个看似不对等的状态拉平,是英语里做反直觉论断的常见骨架。仿写:not needing an answer is as good as knowing one。
2. The reason to … is to …
“The reason to win the game is to be free of it”
以「做某事的理由是为了摆脱它」制造悖论感。适合总结性金句,后半句要给出反常识的目的。仿写:The reason to learn the rules is to know when to break them。
3. find what feels like … to you but looks like … to others
“Find what feels like play to you but looks like work to others”
同一件事在第一人称与第三人称视角下的反差结构,用 feels like / looks like 对举,极适合写个人定位与竞争优势。
4. X is not a goal. X is a byproduct.
“Detachment is not a goal. Detachment is a byproduct.”
先否定再重新归类,两句共用主语、只换谓语,短促有力。适合纠正对方对某个概念的定位。
5. The more … the less / the more …
“The more you do things that are natural to you, the less competition you have.”
比较级联动句,用来表达两个量之间的单调关系。注意两个 the 引导的分句都用比较级,主句在后。
6. If you can't decide, the answer is no.
“If you can't decide, the answer is no”
条件句加断言的极简启发式句型,条件短、结论硬。写决策规则时可套用:If you have to be convinced, it's a no。
7. It's not actually X. I would say it's actually Y.
“I would say it's actually 10,000 iterations to mastery”
用 actually 做修正标记,礼貌地推翻一个流行说法再给出替代版本。适合在引述他人观点后提出自己的修订。
8. No matter how …, we prefer to …
“No matter how arduous or costly or effortful it is going to be for us to find out ourselves, we prefer to disregard the mountains of warnings from our elders”
让步从句用三个并列形容词堆叠强度,主句给出反常的选择,形成张力。书面议论文里很好用。
词汇精讲 · 163 · 按出现顺序
fineries /ˈfaɪnəriz/ n. 0:00
华服美饰,精美奢侈品(常作复数)
cut to the chase phr. 0:57
直奔主题,略过铺垫
quipped /kwɪpt/ v. 2:50
打趣地说,说俏皮话
enticing /ɪnˈtaɪsɪŋ/ adj. 3:22
诱人的,有吸引力的
anguish /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/ n. 3:55
极度的痛苦、煎熬(多指精神层面)
proxy /ˈprɑːksi/ n. 3:55
代理指标,替代物(as a proxy for 用作……的替代衡量)
turmoil /ˈtɜːrmɔɪl/ n. 5:45
动荡,混乱(emotional turmoil 情绪翻腾)
glib /ɡlɪb/ adj. 6:33
说得轻巧的,油滑而不走心的
lingers /ˈlɪŋɡərz/ v. 6:33
余留不去,持续存在
choosy /ˈtʃuːzi/ adj. 7:25
挑剔的(be choosy about 对……讲究)
pedestal /ˈpedɪstl/ n. 8:09
基座;put on a pedestal 把某人捧上神坛
lunatics /ˈluːnətɪks/ n. 8:43
疯子,精神失常者(口语中泛指行为荒唐的人)
proclamations /ˌprɑːkləˈmeɪʃnz/ n. 8:43
公开宣告,公开表态
disingenuous /ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒenjuəs/ adj. 8:43
不真诚的,嘴上一套心里一套的
transcended /trænˈsendɪd/ v. 9:26
超越(transcend the self 超越自我)
tyrannical /tɪˈrænɪkl/ adj. 9:26
暴虐的,专制的
grifter /ˈɡrɪftər/ n. 10:22
骗子,靠话术行骗的人
hypocrisy /hɪˈpɑːkrəsi/ n. 10:22
虚伪,言行不一
smoking gun phr. 11:19
确凿证据,铁证
hobgoblin /ˈhɑːbɡɑːblɪn/ n. 11:47
作祟的小妖怪;引申为纠缠人的执念
priors /ˈpraɪərz/ n. 11:47
先验判断(贝叶斯术语,update your priors 更新先验)
latch on to phr. 12:34
死抓着不放,紧咬某一点
fool's errand phr. 14:29
白费力气的差事,注定徒劳之事
swayed /sweɪd/ v. 14:29
被左右、被影响(be swayed by 受……摆布)
combative /kəmˈbætɪv/ adj. 16:03
好斗的,对抗性的
invective /ɪnˈvektɪv/ n. 16:03
辱骂,抨击性言辞
hardwired /ˌhɑːrdˈwaɪərd/ adj. 16:38
天生写死的,刻在本能里的
leverage /ˈlevərɪdʒ/ n. 17:13
杠杆(指以小博大的放大手段)
surf /sɜːrf/ n. 17:13
此处为 serf 的转写误拼,意为农奴
illustrious /ɪˈlʌstriəs/ adj. 17:36
辉煌的,显赫的
limbic /ˈlɪmbɪk/ adj. 18:24
边缘系统的(脑中主管情绪与本能的区域)
trajectory /trəˈdʒektəri/ n. 19:28
轨迹,走势
tangible /ˈtændʒəbl/ adj. 19:28
可触知的,真切具体的
insurmountable /ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbl/ adj. 21:02
无法逾越的
seeps in phr. 21:02
渗入,慢慢浸透进来
rigorously /ˈrɪɡərəsli/ adv. 22:00
严格地,一丝不苟地
adhering /ədˈhɪrɪŋ/ v. 22:38
恪守,遵循(adhere to 坚持某准则)
equilibrium /ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbriəm/ n. 24:28
均衡(博弈论中指各方无动机单方面改变的状态)
stag /stæɡ/ n. 24:54
雄鹿(stag hunt 猎鹿博弈)
arbiter /ˈɑːrbɪtər/ n. 25:58
裁定者,仲裁人
articulate /ɑːrˈtɪkjuleɪt/ v. 27:26
清晰地表述出来(把隐性感受说成话)
exhilarating /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ/ adj. 29:18
令人振奋的,使人精神一振的
expansive /ɪkˈspænsɪv/ adj. 29:18
开阔的,使人舒展的
lousy /ˈlaʊzi/ adj. 30:16
糟糕的,差劲的
local maxima /ˈloʊkl ˈmæksɪmə/ phr. 30:16
局部最大值(比喻卡在次优高点)
suboptimal /ˌsʌbˈɑːptɪməl/ adj. 30:45
次优的,未达最佳的
perennial /pəˈreniəl/ adj. 31:19
常年的,一贯如此的
unfazed /ʌnˈfeɪzd/ adj. 34:54
泰然自若的,不受扰动的
unapologetically /ˌʌnəpɑːləˈdʒetɪkli/ adv. 34:54
毫无歉意地,理直气壮地
virtue signal phr. 35:31
道德作秀,为了显得有德而表态
appease /əˈpiːz/ v. 35:51
迎合,安抚(以让步换取平息)
ruthless /ˈruːθləs/ adj. 36:28
不留情面的,毫不手软的
took that to heart phr. 36:28
把那话认真记在心里并照做
ghost /ɡoʊst/ v. 37:21
(口语)玩消失,不回消息直接断联
rope /roʊp/ v. 37:21
rope sb. into 把某人拉进(不情愿的事)
serendipity /ˌserənˈdɪpəti/ n. 37:58
意外的美好机缘,偶然性
on the fly phr. 38:27
随机应变,临时决定
fritter away /ˈfrɪtər/ phr. v. 39:50
一点点虚耗掉(时间、金钱)
tedious /ˈtiːdiəs/ adj. 39:50
冗长乏味的
perishable /ˈperɪʃəbl/ adj. 41:24
易腐坏的,放久就失效的
spontaneity /ˌspɑːntəˈneɪəti/ n. 41:48
自发性,率性而为
frictionless /ˈfrɪkʃənləs/ adj. 42:36
无摩擦的,毫不费力的
flop /flɑːp/ n. 45:09
彻底失败的作品,扑街之作
productize /ˈprɑːdəktaɪz/ v. 45:45
产品化,把某种能力做成可规模化的产品
exploitation /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 46:35
(与 exploration 相对)深耕、收割已知选项
premature /ˌpriːməˈtʃʊr/ adj. 46:35
过早的,时机未到的
hustle culture phr. 47:44
奋斗文化,崇尚不停争取与自我推销
squirm /skwɜːrm/ v. 48:13
(因尴尬而)扭动不安,浑身不自在
flinching /ˈflɪntʃɪŋ/ v. 48:13
畏缩,退却(without flinching 毫不犹豫)
hermit /ˈhɜːrmɪt/ n. 48:49
隐士
turbulence /ˈtɜːrbjələns/ n. 48:49
动荡,翻腾(此处指内心波澜)
inflict /ɪnˈflɪkt/ v. 50:47
施加(痛苦、伤害)
overarching /ˌoʊvərˈɑːrtʃɪŋ/ adj. 51:40
总纲性的,统摄全局的
mimetic /mɪˈmetɪk/ adj. 53:28
模因的,模仿性的(mimetic desire 模仿性欲望)
vicinity /vəˈsɪnəti/ n. 53:28
附近,周边范围
riveting /ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ/ adj. 54:26
扣人心弦的,让人挪不开眼的
emulate /ˈemjuleɪt/ v. 55:05
效仿,以之为榜样
mediocrity /ˌmiːdiˈɑːkrəti/ n. 55:46
平庸(settle for mediocrity 将就于平庸)
booby prize /ˈbuːbi praɪz/ phr. 56:18
安慰奖;引申为不值得拥有的奖赏
vest /vest/ v. 57:06
(股权)分期归属、逐步兑现
frivolously /ˈfrɪvələsli/ adv. 57:38
轻率地,不当回事地
bail out phr. v. 59:32
抽身退出,及时脱身
cynics /ˈsɪnɪks/ n. 1:00:25
愤世嫉俗者
endogenous /enˈdɑːdʒənəs/ adj. 1:00:25
内生的,源自内部的
harping /ˈhɑːrpɪŋ/ v. 1:01:09
harp on 反复唠叨同一件事
rustling /ˈrʌslɪŋ/ v. 1:01:09
窸窸窣窣地响动
compounding /kəmˈpaʊndɪŋ/ n. / v. 1:02:49
复利累积,滚雪球式增长
plow into /plaʊ/ phr. v. 1:02:49
全力投入,把资源一股脑砸进去
barbell strategy /ˈbɑːrbel/ phr. 1:04:00
杠铃策略:两个极端各下注,避开中间地带
motivated reasoning phr. 1:04:34
动机性推理:为得出想要的结论而找理由
contingent /kənˈtɪndʒənt/ adj. 1:08:15
取决于……的(contingent on 以……为条件)
electrode /ɪˈlektroʊd/ n. 1:08:54
电极
contrived /kənˈtraɪvd/ adj. 1:10:19
刻意安排的,不自然的
insatiable /ɪnˈseɪʃəbl/ adj. 1:12:00
永不满足的,贪得无厌的
malleable /ˈmæliəbl/ adj. 1:12:31
可塑的,易被改变形状的
perilously /ˈperələsli/ adv. 1:14:40
危险地(perilously close to 危险地接近)
rumination /ˌruːmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 1:14:40
反刍式思考,对同一念头反复咀嚼
vent /vent/ v. 1:15:40
倾诉,发泄(情绪)
beat myself up phr. 1:19:01
苛责自己,跟自己过不去
half-hearted /ˌhæfˈhɑːrtɪd/ adj. 1:20:07
三心二意的,不上心的
reconcile /ˈrekənsaɪl/ v. 1:21:50
调和,使两者相容
alleviate /əˈliːvieɪt/ v. 1:21:50
缓解,减轻
pervasive /pərˈveɪsɪv/ adj. 1:22:44
弥漫性的,无处不在的
unravel /ʌnˈrævl/ v. 1:22:44
拆解,解开(纠结之物)
immersed /ɪˈmɜːrst/ adj. 1:26:20
沉浸其中的
transient /ˈtrænziənt/ adj. 1:27:16
短暂的,转瞬即逝的
aggregated /ˈæɡrɪɡeɪtɪd/ v. 1:30:28
被聚合、累积而成的
bite you in the end phr. 1:32:04
到头来反咬你一口,日后必遭反噬
alienate /ˈeɪliəneɪt/ v. 1:33:03
使疏远,把人推开
flustered /ˈflʌstərd/ adj. 1:33:53
慌乱的,手足无措的
praiseworthy /ˈpreɪzwɜːrði/ adj. 1:34:30
值得称赞的
ineffable /ɪnˈefəbl/ adj. 1:35:55
难以言表的,说不清道不明的
mysticism /ˈmɪstɪsɪzəm/ n. 1:36:27
神秘主义
awe /ɔː/ n. 1:37:19
敬畏,惊叹
deceiving /dɪˈsiːvɪŋ/ v. 1:39:50
具有欺骗性(appearances are deceiving 外表会骗人)
proximity /prɑːkˈsɪməti/ n. 1:41:27
接近程度,距离的远近
loss aversion /əˈvɜːrʒn/ phr. 1:44:17
损失厌恶:失去的痛感强于同等获得的快感
ridicule /ˈrɪdɪkjuːl/ n. 1:45:22
嘲笑,挖苦
veneer /vəˈnɪr/ n. 1:45:53
薄薄的外饰层;引申为体面的外壳
circumscribe /ˈsɜːrkəmskraɪb/ v. 1:47:04
给……划定界限,加以限制
aggro /ˈæɡroʊ/ adj. / n. 1:50:49
(俚)上头的、好斗的状态
arduous /ˈɑːrdʒuəs/ adj. 1:52:38
艰巨的,费力的
contentious /kənˈtenʃəs/ adj. 1:54:03
容易引发争议的
thread this needle phr. 1:54:55
在极窄的空间里恰到好处地通过,走钢丝般完成
minefield /ˈmaɪnfiːld/ n. 1:54:55
雷区;引申为处处是坑的领域
regurgitation /rɪˌɡɜːrdʒɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 1:58:02
照搬复述(把背下来的东西原样吐出)
charlatan /ˈʃɑːrlətn/ n. 1:58:54
江湖骗子,冒充内行的人
jargon /ˈdʒɑːrɡən/ n. 1:58:54
行话,术语黑话
eradicate /ɪˈrædɪkeɪt/ v. 1:59:47
根除,彻底清除
resonance /ˈrezənəns/ n. 2:03:53
共鸣
transactional /trænˈzækʃənl/ adj. 2:06:44
交易性的,带着目的往来的
notwithstanding /ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/ prep. / adv. 2:14:45
尽管如此;置于名词后表示「……那次除外」
clickbait /ˈklɪkbeɪt/ n. 2:15:35
标题党,博点击的诱饵标题
incompressible /ˌɪnkəmˈpresəbl/ adj. 2:16:25
无法再压缩的(指表达已至最简)
trit /traɪt/ adj. 2:19:19
转写拼法,实为 trite:陈腐的、老生常谈的
circumcision /ˌsɜːrkəmˈsɪʒn/ n. 2:20:32
包皮环切术
anesthesia /ˌænəsˈθiːʒə/ n. 2:20:32
麻醉
ludicrous /ˈluːdɪkrəs/ adj. 2:20:32
荒谬可笑的
libertarian /ˌlɪbərˈteriən/ n. / adj. 2:26:01
自由意志主义(者),主张政府干预最小化
orthogonal /ɔːrˈθɑːɡənl/ adj. 2:28:05
正交的;引申为与原路径互不相干的另一方向
hallucinate /həˈluːsɪneɪt/ v. 2:28:58
(AI 语境)一本正经地编造不实内容
Malthusian /mælˈθuːziən/ adj. 2:30:50
马尔萨斯式的(人口增长超出资源的悲观论)
emancipation /ɪˌmænsɪˈpeɪʃn/ n. 2:31:17
解放,摆脱束缚
hedonistic /ˌhiːdəˈnɪstɪk/ adj. 2:31:17
享乐主义的
pensions /ˈpenʃnz/ n. 2:32:04
养老金
sublimated /ˈsʌblɪmeɪtɪd/ adj. 2:35:42
被升华的(心理学:欲望转向替代对象)
surrogate /ˈsɜːrəɡət/ n. 2:35:42
替代品,代偿物
neutering /ˈnuːtərɪŋ/ v. 2:36:14
(对动物)绝育
suffocates /ˈsʌfəkeɪts/ v. 2:38:03
窒息,被闷住
swaddling /ˈswɑːdlɪŋ/ v. 2:41:04
给婴儿打襁褓、裹紧
pathogens /ˈpæθədʒənz/ n. 2:43:19
病原体
homeostasis /ˌhoʊmioʊˈsteɪsɪs/ n. 2:45:10
稳态:机体维持内环境恒定的机制
downregulate /ˌdaʊnˈreɡjuleɪt/ v. 2:46:02
下调(自身分泌或表达水平)
exogenous /eɡˈzɑːdʒənəs/ adj. 2:47:03
外源性的,来自体外的
agency /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ n. 2:49:34
能动性:自主发起行动并影响世界的能力
pendulum /ˈpendʒələm/ n. 2:52:05
钟摆(比喻在两极间来回摆动)
franchise /ˈfræntʃaɪz/ n. 2:54:21
选举权,公民投票资格
extraneous /ɪkˈstreɪniəs/ adj. 2:59:39
多余的,无关紧要的
statins /ˈstætɪnz/ n. 3:02:40
他汀类药物(降胆固醇)
opioid /ˈoʊpiɔɪd/ n. 3:04:14
阿片类药物
gored /ɡɔːrd/ v. 3:07:31
(被牛角)顶伤;sacred cows being gored 神圣不可侵犯之物被冒犯
dwell on /dwel/ phr. v. 3:08:58
纠缠于,反复回味(多指不快之事)
Gordian knot /ˈɡɔːrdiən nɑːt/ phr. 3:08:58
戈尔迪之结:难解的死结,须以快刀斩断
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